MCE IGCSE Physics PPT C03

PowerPoint Slides for
Cambridge IGCSETM Physics

Student’s Book
CHAPTER 3
MASS, WEIGHT
AND DENSITY
© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd The following content has not been through the Cambridge Assessment International Education endorsement process. 1
Student’s Book
• Why does a spacecraft use a lot of

energy to go into space?
• The astronaut in the photo is floating in

space. Does the astronaut still have
weight?
• Why is the astronaut able to bounce

about easily on the Moon but not on the
Earth?
© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 2

Student’s Book
3.1 Mass and Weight

In this section, you will learn
the following:
• State what is meant by the term
mass and weight.
• Describe, and use the

concept of, weight as the
effect of a gravitational field
on a mass.
• Define gravitational field strength.
• Recall and use the equation g =

and know that this is equivalent to
the acceleration of free fall.
• Know that weights (and masses)

may be compared using a balance.

LO
• Describe, and use the concept of, weight as
the effect of a gravitational field on a mass.
Student’s Book
What is mass?
• Mass: Quantity of matter in an object at rest relative to the observer
• Measured using: Kilogram (kg) and gram (g)
• Scalar quantity
1. Is mass the same as weight? Discuss.
2. The object has to be at rest when the

observer measures the amount of matter in it.
Why is this so?

Student’s Book
What is weight?
• Weight: Gravitational force on an object that has mass
• Commonly used unit: Newton (N)
• Vector quantity
• Direction of weight is downward, i.e., towards the centre of the Earth
Do you know why objects fall to

the ground after you throw them
up in the air?

Student’s Book
What is a gravitational field?
• Region of space in which a mass exerts a force of attraction on another mass
• Weight of an object is the effect of a gravitational field on a mass

Student’s Book
What is gravitational field strength, g?
• Gravitational force per unit mass
• In equation form: g =
where g = gravitational field strength (in N/kg)

W = weight (in N)
m = mass of the object (in kg)
The weight of an object depends on the strength of the

gravitational force acting on it. Will an object weigh
more, weigh less or weigh the same on the Moon than
on the Earth? Discuss.

Student’s Book
How are mass and weight related?
• g=
W = mg
• Weight or gravitational force W acting on an object is directly

proportional to its mass m.
• Mass of the object is doubled → Weight or gravitational force

acting on the object is doubled
Gravitational field strength and acceleration due

to gravity: Are they the same?

Student’s Book
A mobile phone has a mass of 125 g. Calculate its weight if g is 9.8 N/kg.
Solution
Mass of mobile phone m = 125 g = 125 × 10−3 kg = 0.125 kg
Weight of mobile phone W = mg = 0.125 kg × 9.8 N/kg = 1.23 N

Student’s Book
How is mass measured?

Differences between mass and weight (Table 3.1 of SB (Student’s Book))
The electronic balance is a commonly

used laboratory instrument for
measuring mass. In fact, electronic
balances measure weight, but they
are calibrated to give readings for
Simple beam balance used to mass. (Figure 3.3 of SB)
measure mass (Figure 3.4 of
SB)
Student’s Book
The acceleration of free fall on the Moon is 1.6 m/s 2. The acceleration of free fall on the Earth is 9.8 m/s 2. A rock has
a mass of 10 kg on the Earth. Calculate the weight of the rock on
(a) the Earth;
(b) the Moon.
Solution
We know that the mass of the rock does not change whether on the Earth or on the Moon;
weight = mass × acceleration of free fall.
(a) Therefore, the weight of the rock on the Earth = 10 kg × 9.8 m/s 2
= 98 N
(b) The weight of the rock on the Moon = 10 kg × 1.6 m/s 2

= 16 N
(Note: 1 kg m/s = 1 N)
2

Student’s Book
Let’s Practise 3.1
1. Give four differences between mass and weight.
4. The gravitational field strength of Jupiter is 22.9 N/kg. An astronaut weighs 1180 N on the Earth. What
will his weight be on Jupiter?

Student’s Book
3.2 Density
In this section, you will learn the
following:
• Define density and recall and use the

equation ρ =
• Describe how to determine the density

of a liquid and certain solids.
• Determine whether an object floats

based on density data.
• Determine whether one liquid will

float on another liquid based on
density data.

Student’s Book
What is density?
• Density of a substance: Mass per unit volume
• Unit: Kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m3)

or gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) (more commonly used)
• Density ρ (Greek letter ‘rho’, pronounced ‘row’) is given by
ρ=
where ρ = density
m = mass of the object
V = volume of the object
Densities of
common
substances
(Table 3.2 of SB)

Student’s Book
What is floating and sinking?
• Substances that float on a liquid → has lower densities than the liquid
• Substances that sink in a liquid → has higher densities than the liquid
Ice cubes placed in three different liquids. The density of the liquid
determines whether the ice cube floats or sinks. (Figure 3.5 of SB)
Student’s Book
Objective
To determine the density of a liquid
Calculation
If the masses are measured in g and the volume in cm 3, then the

density ρ of the liquid is
ρ = g/cm3
= × 1000 kg/m3
(Figure 3.7 of SB)

Student’s Book
Objective
To determine the density of regular objects (Figure 3.8)
Calculation
If the mass of the object is measured in g and the volume in cm 3, then the
density ρ of the object is
ρ = g/cm3
= × 1000 kg/m3
(Figure 3.8 of SB)

Student’s Book
Objective
To determine the density of irregularly shaped objects that sink in liquid (such as a glass
stopper in water)
Calculation
If the mass of the object is measured in g and the volume in cm3, then the
density ρ of the object is
ρ = g/cm3
= × 1000 kg/m3
(Figure 3.9 and 3.10 of SB)

Student’s Book
A cube of side 2.0 cm has a density of 6.0 g/cm 3. A hole of volume 1.0 cm3 is drilled into the cube.
The hole is filled up with a certain material of density 5.0 g/cm 3.
Calculate the density of this composite cube in

(a) g/cm3;
(b) kg/m3.
Solution
(a) Mass of 1.0 cm3 of the material of density 5.0 g/cm3 Mass of cube after a hole of 1.0 cm3 is drilled
= 5.0 g/cm3 × 1.0 cm3 = 6.0 g/cm3 × 7.0 cm3
= 5.0 g = 42.0 g
∴ Density of composite cube
Volume of cube after a hole of 1.0 cm3 is drilled
= (2.0 × 2.0 × 2.0) cm3 − 1.0 cm3 =
= 7.0 cm3
= = 5.9 g/cm3

Student’s Book
(continued)
A cube of side 2.0 cm has a density of 6.0 g/cm 3. A hole of volume 1.0 cm3 is drilled into the cube.
The hole is filled up with a certain material of density 5.0 g/cm 3.
Calculate the density of this composite cube in

(a) g/cm3;
(b) kg/m3.
Solution
(b) To convert to kg/m3, recall that 1 kg = 1000 g (or 1 g = 10−3 kg) Therefore, 1 g/cm3
Since 1 m = 100 cm,
=
1 m3 = (100)3 cm3
= 106 cm3 (or 1 cm3 = 10−6 m3). =
= 1000 kg/m3.
Thus, 5.9 g/cm3 = 5.9 × 103 kg/m3.

Student’s Book
In an experiment, a solid material of unknown density is placed in three different liquids.

Table 3.3 shows the results of the experiment.
(Table 3.3 of SB)
Which of the following shows the density of the object?
A Exactly 700 kg/m3 B Between 700 kg/m3 and 1100 kg/m3

C Exactly 1100 kg/m3 D Between 1100 kg/m3 and 14 000 kg/m3
Explain your choice.

Student’s Book
2. Given that the density of water is 1000 kg/m 3, what is the mass of 1.0 cm3 of water in grams?
4. The mass of a measuring cylinder is 60.0 g. When 30 cm 3 of olive oil is poured into it, the total mass is
87.6 g. What is the density of olive oil in g/cm 3?.

Student’s Book
(continued)
5. A physics teacher showed some students a simple experiment. She prepared some water, glycerine and mercury in
three small separate beakers. The teacher poured the water into a measuring cylinder, followed by glycerine and then
mercury. The students observed that the three liquids did not mix but instead settled into three distinct layers in a
certain order.
Table 3.4 shows the densities of the three liquids.
(Table 3.4 of SB)
Which of the following shows the correct order of the three liquids starting from the
bottom of the measuring cylinder?
A Water, glycerine, mercury B Glycerine, water, mercury

C Mercury, glycerine, water D Mercury, water, glycerine
Explain your choice.

Student’s Book
What
have you
learnt?

Student’s Book
What
have you
learnt?

Student’s Book
Acknowledgements
• Slide 1: astronaut – ID 48582773 © Andrey Armyagov | Dreamstime.com

• Slide 2: astronaut – ID 48582773 © Andrey Armyagov | Dreamstime.com
• Slide 10: laboratory scale – ID 63585515 © Katrintimoff | Dreamstime.com, beam balance © MCE
• Slide 15: glass of water – ID 19355535 © Royalspirite | Dreamstime.com, ice cube – ID 15571786 © Reshavskyi |
Dreamstime.com

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PowerPoint Slides for

Cambridge IGCSETM Physics

• Why does a spacecraft use a lot of

• The astronaut in the photo is floating in

• Why is the astronaut able to bounce

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 2

3.1 Mass and Weight

• Describe, and use the

• Define gravitational field strength.

• Recall and use the equation g =

• Know that weights (and masses)

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 3

• Mass: Quantity of matter in an object at rest relative to the observer

• Measured using: Kilogram (kg) and gram (g)

1. Is mass the same as weight? Discuss.

2. The object has to be at rest when the

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 5

• Weight: Gravitational force on an object that has mass

• Commonly used unit: Newton (N)

• Direction of weight is downward, i.e., towards the centre of the Earth

Do you know why objects fall to

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 6

What is a gravitational field?

• Region of space in which a mass exerts a force of attraction on another mass

• Weight of an object is the effect of a gravitational field on a mass

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 7

What is gravitational field strength, g?

• Gravitational force per unit mass

where g = gravitational field strength (in N/kg)

The weight of an object depends on the strength of the

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 8

How are mass and weight related?

• Weight or gravitational force W acting on an object is directly

• Mass of the object is doubled → Weight or gravitational force

Gravitational field strength and acceleration due

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 9

Mass of mobile phone m = 125 g = 125 × 10−3 kg = 0.125 kg

Weight of mobile phone W = mg = 0.125 kg × 9.8 N/kg = 1.23 N

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 10

How is mass measured?

The electronic balance is a commonly

(b) The weight of the rock on the Moon = 10 kg × 1.6 m/s 2

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 12

Let’s Practise 3.1

1. Give four differences between mass and weight.

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 13

• Define density and recall and use the

• Describe how to determine the density

• Determine whether an object floats

• Determine whether one liquid will

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 14

• Density of a substance: Mass per unit volume

• Unit: Kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m3)

• Density ρ (Greek letter ‘rho’, pronounced ‘row’) is given by

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 15

What is floating and sinking?

If the masses are measured in g and the volume in cm 3, then the

(Figure 3.7 of SB)

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 17

(Figure 3.8 of SB)

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 18

(Figure 3.9 and 3.10 of SB)

© 2021 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 19

Calculate the density of this composite cube in