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Master of arts in nursing

n209-A Contemporary teaching strategies and techniques
Unit v:The basic principles of learning
s.y.2023-2024 2nd semester
February 2024
8:00am -11:00am

DR.YOLANDA D. PANGILINAN
MAN PROFESSOR

MARY CHRISTIANE N. ALVENDIA

MAN STUDENT
 LEARNING
●Process that results in some modification in the learner’s
ways of thinking, feeling and doing

● It includes both of the concepts ‘education’ and ‘training’.

●Learning is also social.

● Learning is self-active -Self-active learning includes

listening, visualizing, recalling, memorizing, reasoning, using
your judgment and thinking.
 LEARNING
●Learning is purposive-That means that learning is moving toward a goal
or end result.

●Learning is creative-learning is not merely a summing up of previous

knowledge and experience, it is a creative putting together of all the
knowledge and experience of the learner

●Learning is transferable-means that whatever is learned in one context

or situation will also apply in another context or situation
 LEARNING
● Learning is the process by which an organism is satisfying its
motivation, adopts and adjust its behavior in order to overcome
obstacles and barriers-Hunter and Hildegard

● Learning is not an addition of experience nor is it old experience

summed up, rather it is the synthesis of old and new experiences
which results in completely new organization or pattern of
experience-Heidgerken.
 MAIN FACTORS IN DEFINITIONS OF
LEARNING
● Brings change in behavior usually for betterment

● Change takes place through practice and behavior

and not due to maturation.

● Change in behavior should be relatively permanent

lasting for years,months or weeks.
 CHARACTERISTCS OF LEARNING
BY: YAOKMAN AND SIMPSON

● Learning is adjustment
● Learning is purposeful
● Learning is experience
● Learning is growth
● Learning is intelligent
● Learning is active
● Learning helps in making choice.
● Learning helps to bring changes.
 PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING

“Also known as laws of learning”

●Readiness
●Exercise
●Effect
●Primacy
●Recency
●Intensity and freedom
 PRINCIPLE OF READINESS
> Implies a degree of willingness and eagerness of an individual to learn something new <
Individuals learn best when they are physically, mentally and emotionally ready to learn and

they do not learn well if they see no reason for learning. Getting the audience ready to learn

creating interest by showing the value of the subject matter and providing continuous mental

> or physical challenge is usually the health educator’s responsibility. <

<
 PRINCIPLE OF
EXERCISE
The principle of exercise states that those things that are most often
repeated are the

ones that are best remembered. Your audience will learn best and
retain information

longer when they have meaningful practice and repetition. It is clear

that practice leads to

improvement only when it is followed by positive feedback

 PRINCIPLE OF EFFECT
The principle of effect is that learning is strengthened when accompanied by a

pleasant or satisfying feeling — and that learning is weakened when associated

with an unpleasant feeling. The learner will strive to continue learning as long as it

provides a pleasant effect. Positive reinforcement is more likely to lead to success and

motivate the learner — so as a health educator you should recognize this feature and tell

your audience how well they are doing.

 PRINCIPLE OF PRIMACY
The state of being first, often creates a strong impression which may be very difficult to

change. Things learned first create a strong impression in the mind that is difficult to erase.

‘Unteaching’ or erasing from the mind incorrect first impressions is harder than teaching

them correctly in the first place. If, for example, a mother is taught a faulty technique about

preparation of replacement feeding (formula, instead of breastfeeding), you as a health

educator will have a difficult task correcting bad habits and ‘reteaching’ correct ones.
 PRINCIPLE OF RECENCY
The principle of recency states that things most recently learned are best

remembered. Conversely, the further a learner is removed time-wise from a

new fact or understanding, the more difficult it is to remember. For example,

it is easier for a mother to recall what children were fed this morning than

to remember what they were fed three days ago.

PRINCIPLE OF INTENSITY
The more intense the material taught, the more likely it will

be retained. A sharp, clear, dramatic, or exciting learning

experience teaches more than a routine or boring experience. The

principle of intensity implies that a learner will learn more from the real

thing than from a substitute.

 PRINCIPLE OF FREEDOM

The principle of freedom states that things freely learned are best learned. Conversely, if

the audience is forced to learn something, the more difficult it is for them to learn. For

example, if you force a family to construct a latrine in their compound, they may not be

interested to do that. However if you motivate them to do that through proper education of

the family, they are more likely to construct the latrines and use them properly.
 FACTORS AFFECTING LEARNING

PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS-

include how people feel, their physical health, and their

levels of fatigue at the time of learning, the quality of
the food and drink they have consumed, their age, etc.

Psychological factors
. Psychological factors such as mental ill-health or mental tension
and conflict all hamper learning. A related psychological factor is
motivation — no learning can take place in the absence of
motivation. Purposeless learning is not learning at all. Motivation
can energise, select and direct positive behaviour.
Environmental factors

when delivering your health education messages are the

conditions where the learners have to sit to do their
learning. Learning is hampered by bad environmental
conditions such as distraction, noise, poor illumination, bad
ventilation, overcrowding and inconvenient seating
arrangements
 TEACHING METHODOLOGY

Your health education teaching materials should be properly planned and organized. They
should suit the mental level of the audience

For example, if you are planning to educate a rural family on personal hygiene, a poster
or picture could be good health learning material if it is supported with talks. But a
leaflet with lots of text would not be a good teaching aid because a large number of
rural people are unable to read. All your teaching should be presented in a meaningful
and interesting manner. It is also important to encourage learning-by-doing.
“This is a quote, words full of wisdom
that someone important said and can
make the reader get inspired.”

—Someone Famous
 REFERENCES
https://www.google.com/search?
q=WHAT+ARE+THE+BASIC+principles+of+learning+FOR+NURSES&sca_esv=98f0236581d175
0a&rlz=1C1BNSD_enPH975PH975&ei=qSq-ZfaLDJfhseMPpqyYsAw&ved=0ahUKEwi2hNGzj4-
EAxWXcGwGHSYWBsYQ4dUDCBA&uact=5&oq=WHAT+ARE+THE+BASIC+principles+of+lea
rning+FOR+NURSES&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiNFdIQVQgQVJFIFRIRSBCQVNJQyBwcm
luY2lwbGVzIG9mIGxlYXJuaW5nIEZPUiBOVVJTRVMyChAAGEcY1gQYsAMyChAAGEcY1gQ
YsAMyChAAGEcY1gQYsAMyChAAGEcY1gQYsAMyChAAGEcY1gQYsAMyChAAGEcY1gQY
sAMyChAAGEcY1gQYsAMyChAAGEcY1gQYsANI-
z5QkxJY8jNwAXgBkAEAmAEAoAEAqgEAuAEDyAEA-
AEB4gMEGAAgQYgGAZAGCA&sclient=gws-wiz-serp
THANK
YOU!
 Mercury Venus Mars
Mercury is the closest planet Venus has a beautiful name Despite being red, Mars is
to the Sun and the smallest of and is the second planet from actually a cold place full of
them all the Sun iron oxide dust
Study objectives

Research Analysis
Jupiter is the biggest 01 02 Mercury is the
planet in the entire smallest planet of
Solar System them all

Data study Comparison

Despite being red, 03 04 Venus is the second
Mars is actually a cold planet from the Sun.
place It’s really hot there
Study objectives
Venus
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun. It's hot there
Mercury
Mercury is the smallest
Earth is the third planet of them all
planet from the
Sun
Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest planet
in the Solar System
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place
01
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
Saturn is a gas giant and
has several rings
02
The Sun is at the center of
our System
Ceres is located in the
main asteroid belt
03
Pluto is now considered a
dwarf planet
 Hypothesis

Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and also the
smallest one in the Solar
System
Neptune
It’s the farthest planet from
the Sun and the fourth-
largest in the entire Solar
System
 Hypothesis
Theory 1
Despite being red, Mars is cold. It's
full of iron oxide dust, which gives
the planet its reddish cast
Theory 2
Venus is the second planet from the
Sun. It's hot there. It’s terribly hot,
even hotter than Mercury

Jupiter 40% Saturn 60%

Jupiter is a gas giant and Saturn is a gas giant and
the biggest planet has several rings

20% 80% 60% 40%

Mercury Neptune Venus Mars

Mercury is the Neptune is far away Venus is the second Mars is actually a
smallest planet from Earth planet from the Sun cold place
 Theories

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the

Theory 1 smallest one in the Solar System

Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet

Theory 2 from the Sun

Despite being red, Mars is a cold place, not hot. The

Theory 3 planet is full of iron oxide dust
This IS A MAP

Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

Mercury
Mercury is the smallest
planet

Earth
Earth is the only planet
with life
Global vision

Jupiter Mercury
Is a gas giant and the Mercury is the
biggest planet of them smallest planet of
all them all

Mars Venus
Despite being red, Venus is the second
Mars is actually a cold planet from the Sun.
place It’s hot there
 Literature Review

Theory 01 Theory 02
Mercury is the closest planet Despite being red, Mars is
to the Sun and the smallest of actually a cold place full of
them all iron oxide dust
 Literature review

Theory 02
Venus has a beautiful name and is the second
planet from the Sun. It’s hot and has a poisonous
atmosphere

Theory 01
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a bit
larger than the Moon
 Objectives
Mercury
It’s the smallest planet of
them all

Mars Jupiter Venus

Mars is actually a very Jupiter is the biggest planet Venus has extremely high
cold place of them all temperatures

Saturn Neptune The Sun Earth Pluto Ceres

 Invested time

40% 20% 25% 15%

Jupiter Mercury Mars Venus
Jupiter is the biggest Mercury is the Despite being red, Venus is the second
planet in the entire smallest planet of Mars is actually a cold planet from the Sun.
Solar System them all place It's hot there
 Primary objectives

1 4
Venus Saturn
Jupiter is the biggest planet Neptune is very far away
of them all from Earth

Jupiter Mars
Venus is the second planet Despite being red, Mars is
from the Sun a cold place

2 3
 Secondary objectives

Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the closest planet Venus has a beautiful name Despite being red, Mars is
to the Sun and high temperatures actually a cold place

Saturn Earth Jupiter

Saturn is a gas giant and has Earth is the third planet from Jupiter is a gas giant and the
several rings the Sun biggest planet
Awesome
words
Your work

You can replace the image on the

screen with your own work. Just
delete this one, add yours and center
it properly
 Your work
You can replace the image on the
screen with your own work. Just
delete this one, add yours and center
it properly
Multimedia
If you want, you can insert your multimedia content here
A picture is worth a
thousand words
Study program
Checklist

Status Description Status Description

Mercury is the smallest planet of Jupiter is the biggest planet in the

03/04 them all
04/03 Solar System

Venus has a beautiful name and is Neptune is the farthest planet from
03/07 the second from the Sun
04/09 the Sun

Despite being red, Mars is actually The Sun is the star at the center of
03/10 a cold place
04/11 the Solar System

Saturn is a gas giant and has Earth is the third planet from the
03/21 several rings
04/15 Sun and where we all live
Schedule
1st phase 2nd phase

1st week Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su

2nd week Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su

3rd phase 4th phase

 Schedule

February March April

Jupiter is a gas giant and Venus has a beautiful Despite being red, Mars is
the biggest planet in the name, but also very high actually a cold place. It’s
Solar System temperatures full of iron oxide dust

1 2 3
 Schedule

May June

It’s the closest planet to Despite being red, Mars is

the Sun and the smallest in actually a cold place. It’s
the Solar System full of iron oxide dust

Investigation
4 5 completed
Schedule
1st week 2nd week 3rd week 4ht week 5th week

Research

Analysis

Data study

Comparaison
 1,927
Big numbers catch your audience's attention
Table

Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4

Indicator 1

Indicator 2

Indicator 3

Indicator 4
 Comparation

Goals Result

Mercury is the closest planet Venus is the second planet

1st phase to the Sun from the Sun

Mars is actually a very cold Jupiter is the biggest planet

2nd phase place of them all

Saturn is composed of Neptune is the farthest planet

3rd phase hydrogen and helium from the Sun

Saturn is a gas giant and has Despite being red, Mars is a

4th phase several rings cold place
Timeline

Mercury Mars
Mercury is the closest Now Mars is actually a very
planet to the Sun cold place

Venus
1927 2027
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
 Study timeline

“Mercury is closest planet “Despite being red, Mars

to the Sun and the is actually a very cold
smallest” place”

1st week 2nd week 3rd week 4th week Finish

“Venus is the second “Neptune is the farthest- “Earth is the only planet
planet from the Sun and known planet from the known to harbor life. We
is terribly hot” Sun” all live here”
A picture always reinforces the
concept

Images reveal large amounts of

data, so remember: Use an image
instead of a long text
Important percentages

33.5%
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun

26.7%
Despite being red, Mars is a cold place

18.2%
Saturn is the only planet with rings
 Important percentages

24% 17%
Phase 4 Phase 1
Mercury is small Jupiter is big

31% 28%
Phase 3 Follow the link in the graph to modify its
Phase 2
data and then paste the new one here.
Venus is hot For more info, click here Saturn has rings
Important percentages
20% 35% 60% 50%

Jupiter Mercury Venus Mars

Jupiter is the biggest Mercury is the Venus is the second Despite being red,
planet in the entire smallest planet in the planet from the Sun. Mars is actually a very
Solar System Solar System It's hot there cold place
 03
Results
You can enter a subtitle here
if you need it
Results analysis

To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link,

change the data and paste the new graph here
Investigation results
Venus Mars
Venus is the second planet Despite being red, Mars is a
from the Sun very cold place
40% 70%

Mercury Neptune
Mercury is the smallest Neptune is the farthest planet
planet of them all from the Sun
10% 30%

Jupiter Saturn
Jupiter is the biggest planet Saturn is a gas giant and has
in the Solar System several rings
50% 60%
Research results
380 290
Jupiter Mercury
Jupiter is the biggest Mercury is the
planet in the entire smallest planet of
Solar System them all

100 140
Mars Venus
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data Despite being red, Venus is the second
and then paste the new one here. Mars is actually a cold planet from the Sun.
For more info, click here place It’s hot there
 Results analysis

Mercury Jupiter Venus

Mercury is the smallest Is the biggest planet in the Venus is the second planet
planet of them all Solar System from the Sun

20% 50% 75%

Despite being red, Mars is Neptune is the farthest Saturn is a gas giant and
actually a cold place planet from the Sun has several rings
Conclusions
You can enter a subtitle here
04
if you need it
 Conclusions

Conclusion A Conclusion C
You can talk about the You can talk about the
conclusions here conclusions here

Conclusion B Conclusion D
You can talk about the You can talk about the
conclusions here conclusions here
Public conclusions
Jupiter 40%
Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all

Mars 60%
Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place

Venus 20%
Venus is the second planet from the Sun

Mercury 75%
Mercury is the smallest planet of them all
 Conclusions

1 Mercury

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the

smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a bit

2
larger than the Moon
Venus

Venus has a beautiful name and is the second

planet from the Sun. It’s terribly hot—even hotter
than Mercury—and its atmosphere is extremely
poisonous
 Conclusion in numbers

200K 175K
Venus is the second planet from Saturn is a gas giant and has Result analysis
the Sun. It's hot there several rings

Earth is the third

planet from the Sun
40K 135K and the only one that
harbors life in the
Solar System
Jupiter is the biggest planet in Mercury is the smallest planet
the Solar System of them all
Numbers speak for themselves

333,000
Earths is the Sun’s mass

24h 37m 23s

is Jupiter’s rotation period
05
Bibliography
You can enter a subtitle here
if you need it
 Bibliographic references
● AUTHOR (YEAR): Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR): Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR): Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR): Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR): Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR): Title of the publication. Publisher

 Bibliographic references

Author Tittle
Notes
Venus has as a beautiful Neptune Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun
name and is the second
planet from the Sun. It’s Mercury Mercury is the smallest planet of them all
terribly hot and its
atmosphere is extremely Mars Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place
poisonous. It’s the second-
brightest natural object in
the night sky after the Saturn Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings
Moon
The Sun The Sun is the star at the center of our System
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