UCSP - Lesson 5 - 2nd QRTR

ENGLISH 10
UNDERSTANDING
Juan dela Cruz, LPT
•
CULTURE,
SOCIETY, AND
POLITICS
ENGLISH 10
• Juan dela Cruz, LPT
Social and Political

Stratification
ENGLISH 10
•
Would you consider
Juan dela Cruz, LPT
yourself or your family

rich, poor, or average?
When
E N G Lyou I S H ask
1 0 a Filipino if
he or she is rich, you will
receive responses such as
“medyo mayaman,”
“may kaya,” and “ayos
lang.”
The differences in the statuses ascribed
to E N G L I Sare
individuals H dependent
10 on socially
accepted
• Juan criteria.
dela Cruz, LPT
These criteria enable the creation of

systemic hierarchies that position
individuals in either powerful or
marginalized capacities.
ENGLISH 10
This unequal
access to values
and resources promotes
social and political
stratifications that perpetuate
the problem of inequality.
Social Stratification
ENGLISH 10
• - Cruz,the
Juan dela LPT division or
classification of members
of society.
- hierarchy among social
groups.
ENG
Each L I S Hgroup
social 1 0 is
characterized by a shared
common identity and lifestyle
that are brought about by the
status ascribed to its members.
E N G L I S H 1 0
The may kaya (middle class)
Filipinos practice a different
set of values and beliefs from
those who belong to the
walang-wala (subsistence
poor)
The creation
ENGLISH 10 of hierarchies in
human
•Juan dela Cruz,groups
LPT is associated
with the development of
complex economic systems
that required the
specialization of labor.
Social
E N G LDesirables
ISH 10
• - factors
Juan dela that
Cruz, LPTare somewhat accepted
or desired in a certain society.
- social status, popularity, acceptance,
or approval.
- qualities that make individuals
appear as socially desirable in the
community
E N G (3)
Three L I Smost
H 1 0desired
qualities in every society:
1. Wealth
2. Power
3. Prestige
EN
Three (3)Gmost
L I desired
S H 1qualities
0 in every
• society:
Juan dela Cruz, LPT
1. Wealth - accumulated
economic capital of an
individual or group.
Three (3) most desired qualities in every society:
2. E N G L –I Sinvolves
Power H 1 0 benefits and
privileges.
- the capacity of an
individual to influence another
person to perform an act that he or
she would not otherwise do.
EThe
N G family
L I S H 1is0 the primary
•
socioeconomic unit wherein
Juan dela Cruz, LPT
an individual learns his or her

social roles.
The two primary purposes of a family
E N G L I S H are:
10
(1) to orient the individual of the
norms of the society

(2) to provide physical support as the
individual matures.
This is seen in the two types of nuclear
families.
Kinship
ENGLISH 10by Blood
• One factor that
allows an individual to
identify another individual as a family
member is through consanguinity,
popularly called as blood relatives.
• This type of kinship links individuals
based on their genetic relations (i.e.,
their bloodline).
Kinship
ENGLISH 10by Blood
• Unilineal Descent
Juan dela Cruz, LPT
matrilineal and patrilineal
• An expansion of unilineal descent
groups creates a kinship group called
the clan, expansion of clans into larger
descent groups creates phratries,
divided phratries called moiety
Kinship by Blood
ENGLISH 10
Bilateral Descent
- on both sides of the family.

- recognize both his or her
parents' relatives as his or her
own relatives.
EKinship
N G L I S H by
1 0 Marriage
• • Marriage
Juan is defined
dela Cruz, LPT as the “socially or
ritually recognized union or legal
contract between spouses that
establishes rights and obligations
between them, between them and
their children, and between them and
their in-laws”
Kinship by Marriage
E N G Land
• Patrifocal I SMatrifocal
H 10
• Monogamous
• Juan dela Cruz, LPT(nuclear family)
• Polygamous
a. Polyandry - fraternal polyandry
b. Polygyny - sororal polygyny
• Extended Family
Compadrazgo system (ninong and ninang)
• Reconstituted Family (divorce and legal
separations)
Postmarital
ENGLISH 10 Residency Rules
Seven (7) major residency patterns:
• Patrilocal - husband's father area
• Matrilocal - wife's mother's area
• Avunculocal - two residence transfers:
husband's father & mother's brother
• Neolocal – create own area/household
Postmarital Residency Rules
• Natalocal - Not living under one household. Their
E N G L I S H 1 0
children are allowed to choose.
• Matrifocal - when the father is economically and
physically unable to provide support for the
family, and children reside with their mother who
is part of her mother's household.
• Ambilocal - either with the wife's mother's area or
the husband's father's area.
• Transnational Families - Families whose
members reside separately across territories
(OFW)
Postmarital Residency Rules
E N G- LNotI Sliving
Natalocal H under
1 0 one household. Their
children are allowed
to choose.
Matrifocal - when the father is economically and
physically unable to provide support for the
family, and children reside with their mother who
is part of her mother's household.
Ambilocal - either with the wife's mother's area or
the husband's father's area.
Transnational Families - Families whose
members reside separately across territories
E NPolitics
G L I S H of
1 0 Kinship
• Political alliances and dynasties
• Compadrazgo system
The
E Nfamily
G L I S His 1the
0 smallest unit
of dela
• Juan human organization through
Cruz, LPT
which an individual gets

initiated to the roles and rules
that he or she will have to
perform in his or her society.
The concept of family accommodates
E N G L I S H 1 0
both blood and social relations.
The relationship of individuals are

framed within multilayered contexts
relating to environment, economy,
geography, and technology.
ENGLISH 10
Political and Leaderships

Structure
ENGLISH 10
You learn how other societies
organize their political lives that

may be distinct from what you
are aware of.
Political Organization
E N G L I S H 1 0
- any entity that is participating in a
political process.
Bands - 20–50 individuals
Tribes - segmentary lineages, family
cluster or segment
Chiefdoms - a few local communities and
incorporated religion, kinship, and politics
States
E N Gand L I SNations
H 10
state
• Juan dela Cruz,- LPT
group of people sharing
similar culture and political history
nations - political organization
united by a common set of laws.
ENGLISH 10
Political systems vary per society
depending on their environment
and economic systems.
ENGLISH 10
Political systems vary per society
depending on their environment
and economic systems.
Authority and Legitimacy
- The extent of a leader's power and how they
E Nmaintain
G L I Spower
H 1 0over individuals
1. Legal authority - elected or appointed to office
following the existing laws of the land.
2. Traditional authority - based on inheritance of
the title
3. Charismatic authority - personal attachment
of the subordinates to the ruler whose characteristics,
experiences, or even skills are believed to be extraordinary,
or maybe even supernatural
a. Institutional Charisma -
E N G L I S H 1 0
combination of charismatic and legal
authority.
ex: religious institutions
b. Familial Charisma - combination

of traditional and charismatic
authority.
Political systems are key elements of a
E N Gculture
society's L I S Hwith
1 0 the chief function:
• promoting social order with regard to
its economic systems and

environmental demands.
• structural tools used by human
populations to be able to survive in
their environments.
ENGLISH 10
Economic Organization
38
P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E 20XX
Economic Processes
E N G L I S H 1 0
1. Reciprocity - Barter (the exchange
of commodities between
individuals)
a. Generalized reciprocity
b. Balanced reciprocity
c. Negative reciprocity
Economic Processes
E N G L I S H 1 0
2. Transfers - no expectation of return.
a. financial aids
b. government subsidies
c. social security
Economic Processes
E N G L I S H 1 0
3. Redistribution – resources are
collected and distributed
proportionally or equally
a. progressive income tax
systems
b. charity donations
c. dowry
Economic Processes
E N G LTransactions
4. Market ISH 10 – exchange
• of
Juangoods and
dela Cruz, LPTservices that involves
buying and selling processes.

Note:
The key element that separates market
transaction from reciprocity and
redistribution is the use of standardized
currency.
Economic Processes
E N G L I S H 1
5. Market and State0
market- involves all the human
actions associated with economic
aspects.
state- institution that protects and
maintains economic balance through
its economic laws and policies
Types of Economic
E N G L ISubsistence
SH 10
Subsistence – means of a living or
livelihood; source from which food and
other items necessary to exist are obtained
“Technology and environment define the

type of economic systems that a society
uses.”
Types of Economic Subsistence
1. E N G L I-Smost
Foraging H 1ancient
0 types of
• Juansubsistence
dela Cruz, LPTpattern,
highly dependent
on their environment
Foragers – Nomads (ex. Batak group in
Palawan)
-hunting for animals
-gathering wild plants
Types: Pedestrian, Equestrian, Aquatic
Types
ENGLISH 10
of Economic
Subsistence
2. Pastoral
- “tending herds of large animals”
(sheep, deer, goat, cattle, and horses)
ENGLISH 10
3. Horticulture
- combination of small-scale farming
and domesticating animals for the purpose
of food and prestige
In the Philippines, this takes the form of
kaingin, a form of slash-and-burn
planting method.
E N G L I
4. Agriculture
S H 1 0
- one of the major sources of living and
income in early societies.
During ancient times, agriculture was highly

practiced in the ancient civilizations in Egypt,
Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and eastern Syria),
India, Pakistan, North China, Mesoamerica, and
Western South America
ENGLISH 10
Non-State Institutions
Non-State institutions are not related to
theEcomponents
N G L I S Hof the
1 0 state.
• • Banks
Juan dela Cruz, LPT
• Corporations
• Cooperatives
• Trade unions
• Transnational advocacy groups
• Development agencies
• International organizations
Banks and Corporations
ENGLISH 10
• - Commercial
Juan dela Cruz, LPT banks
- Investment banks
- Insurance companies
- Brokerages
- Corporations
Cooperatives and Trade Unions
Roles:
ENGLISH 10
1. dela
• Juan Political
Cruz, LPT
2. Market
3. Regulatory
4. Democratizing
5. Service
6. Enhancement
7. Welfare
Transnational Advocacy
E N G L I S Hgroups
10
TAGs serve as international catalysts for
change, aiming to achieve international
changes toward policies and practices.
• Green Peace - which is popular for its
members' active and alternative
engagement of the public and
concerned agencies in relation to
Development Agencies
EN G L I S H 1 0
“common denominator among these
• Juan organizations
dela Cruz, LPT is the term development”
1. International Organizations
- United Nations (UN)
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN)
Development Agencies
EN G L I S H 1 0
“common denominator among these
• Juan organizations
dela Cruz, LPT is the term development”
2. Non-Government Organizations
- Community associations
- Policy advocacy groups
- Service provider intermediaries
- Contractors
- Cooperatives
The development of humans and the
E N G L I S H 1 0
conditions of their society are goals that
are achievable through collaborative
engagement among the community, the
government, and non-state institutions.
The success of development programs is
highly reliant on the efficiency of the
collaboration of the stakeholders

UCSP - Lesson 5 - 2nd QRTR

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ENGLISH 10

Social and Political

yourself or your family

These criteria enable the creation of

an individual learns his or her

norms of the society

- on both sides of the family.

which an individual gets

The relationship of individuals are

Political and Leaderships

organize their political lives that

b. Familial Charisma - combination

its economic systems and

buying and selling processes.

“Technology and environment define the

During ancient times, agriculture was highly

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