MATERIAL AND

MANUFACTURING II
Course
Objectives

■ Main purpose of centre lathe.

■ Safety precautions on the centre lathe.
■ Types of lathe.
■ Identification of main parts of lathe machine.
■ Purpose of each part in detail.
■ Method of holding work.
■ Method of cutting tapers.
■ Cutting speed on the lathe machine.
Centre Lathe

■ The Centre Lathe is used to manufacture cylindrical shapes from a range of materials
including steels and plastics.
■ The work piece is rotated while the cutting tool movement is controlled by the machine
or an operator.
The Centre Lathe

■ Lathe machines can be directly operated by the people called manual lathes or computer
controlled lathes (CNC Machines) that have been programmed to carry out a particular
task.
Safety Precautions

■ Always wear approved safety glasses.

■ Rollup sleeves, remove tie.
■ Always remove chips with brush
■ Never operate the machine if safety guard is removed.
Types of lathe

■ Engine lathe
■ Bench lathe
■ Tracer lathe
■ Computer controlled Lathe
Engine Lathe/ Center Lathe

■ An engine lathe is a type of machinery, shaped horizontally, and it is often used to cut
metal. The metal is turned, and the machine uses special cutting tools to create the
desired shape.
■ Most common type of lathe
■ It’s a motor driven lathe
■ It comes in large variety of sizes and shapes
■ This center lathe is generally used for the production of cylindrical surfaces
Bench Lathe

■ A bench lathe is a material reduction machine built into a bench or worktable.

■ A lathe takes a solid block of a material and reduces it to create a symmetrical item.
■ Using a bench lathe, you can cut, knurl, drill, or sand material down to create a new
object.
■ The lathe is designed to hold the block at two points and spin it while allow the user to
reduce the material to the new shape.
■ Used for small work pieces.
Tracer Lathe

■ In machine tool: Tracer techniques. The tool slide on a tracer lathe is guided by a
sensitive, hydraulically actuated stylus that follows an accurate template. The template
may be an accurate profile.
■ High Precision
CNC Lathe

■ Operated with Computer Numerical Control (CNC) systems and provided with precise
design instructions, CNC Lathes are machine tools where the material or part is clamped
and rotated by the main spindle, while the cutting tool that work on the material, is
mounted and moved in various axis.
Lathe parts
Head stock

■ Found on the left side of lathe

■ Head stock spindle
■ Hollow cylindrical shaft supported by bearings
■ Provides drive through gears to work-holding devices/part/work piece
■ Driven by pulley or transmission gear
Lathe Bed

■ Heavy casting
■ Made to support working parts of lathe
■ Top section are machined ways
Carriage

■ Used to move cutting tool along the bed

■ Consists of three main parts
■ Saddle
■ Cross slide
■ Apron
Saddle

■ H shaped casting mounted on the top of the lathe

■ Provides means of mounting to cross slide and apron
Cross slide

■ Mounted on the top of the saddle

■ Provides manual or automatic movement for cutting tool
Compound rest

■ Mounted on the top of cross slide

■ Used to support cutting tool
■ Used for giving an angle in taper turning
Apron

■ Clamps the saddle

■ Houses gears and mechanism required to move carriage or cross slide