BEJ10403

CHAPTER 5
AC Power
Analysis
(part 01)
Prepared by:
Dr.Warsuzarina binti Mat Jubadi
Topics
• Introduction
• Instantaneous and Average Power
• Maximum Average Power Transfer
• Effective or RMS value
• Apparent Power and Power Factor
• Complex Power
• Power Factor Correction
• Summary
Learning Objectives
At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:
▪ Analyze a circuit to determine the instantaneous and average power in ac
circuits.
▪ Calculate the maximum average power transfer for a load in an ac circuit.
▪ Calculate the effective or rms value for a periodic waveform and, visa versa,
calculate the magnitude of a periodic waveform from its rms value.
▪ Compute the real power, reactive power, complex power, and power factor in ac
circuits.
▪ Redesign a circuit to correct the power factor in ac circuits.
5.0 Introduction
• Power is the most important quantity in electric utilities, electronic, and
communication system – each involve transmission of power
• Industrial and household electrical : Power rating to indicate how much power
equipment requires. i.e., fan, motor, lamp, pressing iron, TV, personal computer
• Exceeding of power rating can do permanent damage to an appliance
• Most common form of electric power is 50 Hz or 60Hz ac power.
• ac allowed high-voltage power transmission from the power generating plan to
consumer

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5.0 Introduction
• The instantaneous power dissipated in a component is a
product of the instantaneous voltage and the instantaneous
current

p = vi

• In a resistive circuit the voltage and current are in phase –

calculation of p is straightforward

• In reactive circuits, there will normally be some phase

shift between v and i, and calculating the power becomes
more complicated

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5.2.1 Instantaneous Power
5.2.2 Average Power
5.2.1 Instantaneous Power

Figure 5.1

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5.2.1 Instantaneous Power
• The instantaneously power, p(t)

Constant power Sinusoidal power at 2ωt

p(t) > 0:
power is absorbed by the circuit;
p(t) < 0:
power is absorbed by the source.

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5.2.2 Average Power
◼ The average power, P, is the average of the instantaneous power over one
period.

1. P is not time dependent.

2. When θv = θi , it is a purely
resistive load case.
3. When θv– θi = ±90o, it is a
purely reactive load case.
4. P = 0 means that the
circuit absorbs no average
power.
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◼A resistive load (R) absorbs power at ALL times

◼Reactive load (L or C) absorbs zero average

power

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Example 5.1
◼

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Example 5.1 (solution)

h e nt
T sta f
o n to
c ar )
p (t
p

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Example 5.2

For the following circuit, find the average power supplies by the
source and the average power absorbed by the resistor.

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Example 5.2 (Solution)

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Exercise 1
Calculate the instantaneous power and average
power absorbed by a passive linear network if:

V
A

Answer:

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Exercise 2

A current flows through an impedance

. Find the average power delivered to

the impedance.

Answer: 927.2W

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Exercise 3

Find the average power delivered to the impedance.

5.3 Maximum Average
Power Transfer
5.3 Maximum Average Power Transfer

The maximum average power

can be transferred to the load if
XL = –XTH and RL = RTH

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5.3 Maximum Average Power Transfer

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Example 5.3

1. Determine the load impedance ZL that maximizes the average

power drawn from the following circuit.
2. What is the maximum average power?

Example 11.5 (Sadiku)

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Example 5.3 (Solution)

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Exercise 3

For the circuit shown below, find the load impedance ZL

that absorbs the maximum average power. Calculate
that maximum average power.

Answer: 3.415 – j0.7317Ω, 1.429W

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Solution
Exercise
Exercise
Exercise