1 - Historical Sources

HISTORY
MAIN TOPIC 1:
INTRODUCTION TO
HISTORY
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
ARASOF – NASUGBU CAMPUS
HISTORY
Objectives
1. Understand the meaning of history as an academic
discipline and be familiar with the underlying philosophy
and methodology of the discipline.
2. Know the difference between primary and secondary
sources
3. Examine and assess critically the value of historical
evidence and sources
4. Appreciate research method in history
HISTORY
Lesson 1
History: Introduction and
Historical Sources
HISTORY
What is History?
- the study of the past

HISTORY
Introduction and Historical

Sources
History - study and interpretation by a
historian on the data and other source of
the past human activity, people, societies
and civilizations leading to the present day.

HISTORY
Three important concepts

based on past events
interpreted by someone (historian)
rely on data and documents (historical sources)

HISTORY
History’s Subject Matter
Historia (Greek) – knowledge acquired

through inquiry or investigation.

HISTORY
The chronological record

of events based on a critical
examination of the source
materials and usually
presenting an explanation of
their causes.
HISTORY
History is not only mere collection of

narratives compiled or collated by authors,
rather history employs system to organize
narratives.

HISTORY
History is the systematic account of a set of

natural phenomena. It is also an investigation
work because people aim to satisfy their thirst
for truth.

HISTORY
The never-ending process whereby people

seek to understand the past and its many
meanings
- the American historical association

HISTORY
Herodotus

HISTORY
What are the importance of

History?
- to learn about the past
- to understand the present
- to appreciate heritage
- to broaden perspective
- to acquire background for critical thinking
HISTORY
“He who controls the past

controls the future. He who
controls the present controls the
past.”
- George Orwell, 1984

HISTORY
Historical accounts must

be based on all available
relevant evidence. Therefore a
version of the past that cannot
be supported by the evidence
is worthless.
HISTORY
National Library of the Philippines
Archives of University of Santo Tomas
National Archives of the Philippines
Archdiocesan Archives of Manila
Manila Observatory Archives

HISTORY
University of the Philippines Library
Ateneo de Manila University (Historical

Collection of United States of American
Embassy)

A. LIBRARY
HISTORY
A library is a collection of sources
of information and similar sources, made
accessible to a defined community for
reference or borrowing. It provides
physical or digital access to material , and
may be a physical building or rooms or a
virtual space, or both . A library’s
collection can include books, periodicals,
newspapers , manuscripts, films, maps,
prints, documents, microform CD’s,
cassettes, video tapes , DVD’s , Blu-ray
Disc’s, e- books, audio books , audiobooks,
databases, and other formats. Libraries
range in size from a few shelves of books
to several million items.
B. ARCHIVE
HISTORY
An archive is an accumulation of historical
records or the physical place they are located.
Archives contain primary source documents
that have over the course of an individual or
organization’s lifetime and are kept to show
the function of that person or organization .
Professional archivists and historians generally
understand archives to be records that have
been naturally and necessarily generated as a
product of regular legal, commercial,
administrative, or social activities. They have
been metaphorically defined as the “secretions
of the organism “ and are distinguished from
documents that have been consciously written
or created to communicate a particular
message to posterity.
HISTORY
C. MUSEUM
A museum is an institution that cares for
( conserve ) a collection of artifacts and
other objects of artistic , cultural, historical,
or scientific importance. Many public
museums make these items available for
public viewing through exhibits that may be
permanent or temporary.

HISTORY
D. HISTORICAL
SOCIETY
( sometimes also called

preservation society ) is an
organization dedicated to
preserving, collecting,
researching, and interpreting
historical information or
items. Originally these were
created as way to help future
generations understand their
heritage.
HISTORY
History and the Historian
Historian is an expert
or student of history.

HISTORY
-seek not only historical evidence

and facts but also to interpret these
facts
-gives meaning to these facts and organizes

them chronologically

HISTORY
-decide how useful it is and come

to conclusion based on what he has
found out

HISTORY
Authors define history as a

study of historical
perspective.
A historian is influenced
by his own environment,
ideology, education, and
influence.
HISTORY

HISTORY
Scholars use historiography

or what they call history of history.
Historiography is the study of

how history was written, by whom
and why it was recorded as such.

HISTORY
Interpretation about the past can be

objective or true as long as they are free of
inherent contradictions, are not contrary to
the laws of nature and are based on actual
remains from the time period referred to.

HISTORY
-Historical method
- Historians must verify sources,

to date them, locate the place of
origin and identify their intended
functions. It is important for a
historian to base their accounts
on source materials.
HISTORY
Sources of History
Historical sources are tangible remains
of the past.
Kinds of sources: primary, secondary, and

tertiary sources.
HISTORY
Primary sources: made during the time of

the events.
Secondary sources: made after the time of

the events.

HISTORY
A. Primary sources
-testimony of an individual who was a
participant in or a direct witness to the event
that is being described.

HISTORY
Main categories of primary sources
1. written sources
2. numerical records
3. oral statements
4. relics
5. images

HISTORY
1. Written sources
Travelogue
-provides a place to preserve

memories, provide a purpose
for travel, and offer a
connection with local
communities.
HISTORY
Newspaper

HISTORY
Archival Documents

HISTORY
Memoirs
-an account of a
person's life written by
that person.

HISTORY
2. Numerical records

HISTORY
3. Oral statements
“My first day was a scary one. There was a patient whose
earlobes were so long…he had no nose, only two holes on his
face, and no fingers, only the palm of his hands…the other
patients were in different stages of deformity.”
Sr. Maria Luisa Montenegro, SPC 1940

HISTORY
4. Relics
Artifacts Ruins Fossil

(Balangiga Bells) (Callao man)
HISTORY
5. Images
Photograph Map Painting

(Murillo Velarde map c.1734)
HISTORY
B. Secondary Sources
-interprets and analyzes primary sources.
-prepared by an individual who was not a

direct witness to an event, but not who
obtained his or her description of the event
from someone else.
HISTORY
Some types of secondary sources are history

textbook, printed materials (serials or
periodicals which interpret previews
research), biographies, nonfiction text such as
magazine, journals, works of criticism and
interpretation.

HISTORY
C. Tertiary Source
- information by reporting ideas and details

from secondary source.

HISTORY
Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, Almanacs, Atlas,

Wikipedia, You Tube, Twitter and Facebook

HISTORY
Tertiary
Primary source Secondary source Sources
a document prepared
one prepared by an by an individual who
individual who was a provide third-
was not a direct
participant in, or a hand
witness to an event, but
direct witness to, the information
who obtained his or her
event that is being description of the event
described from someone else.

HISTORY


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HISTORY

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Introduction and Historical

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Three important concepts

interpreted by someone (historian)

rely on data and documents (historical sources)

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

History’s Subject Matter

Historia (Greek) – knowledge acquired

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The chronological record

History is not only mere collection of

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

History is the systematic account of a set of

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The never-ending process whereby people

- the American historical association

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

What are the importance of

“He who controls the past

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Historical accounts must

Archives of University of Santo Tomas

National Archives of the Philippines

Archdiocesan Archives of Manila

Manila Observatory Archives

University of the Philippines Library

Ateneo de Manila University (Historical

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

( sometimes also called

History and the Historian

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

-seek not only historical evidence

-gives meaning to these facts and organizes

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

-decide how useful it is and come

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Authors define history as a

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Scholars use historiography

Historiography is the study of

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Interpretation about the past can be

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

- Historians must verify sources,

Kinds of sources: primary, secondary, and

Primary sources: made during the time of

Secondary sources: made after the time of

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Main categories of primary sources

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

-provides a place to preserve

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Sr. Maria Luisa Montenegro, SPC 1940

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY