GROUP 2 PRESENTATION

• Name Student number

• Mitchell Ruzvidzo N02219761Q
• Natash Chitura N02221717Y
• Aviator Sibanda N02218367V
• Ntando Sibanda N02221323B
• Tafadzwa Mulopa N02221000H
• Ashleigh Manikisi N02213317L
• Rodrick Ndhlovu N02220667X
TRUSSES
 Types of Trusses

• A truss is a structure made up of slender members pin-connected at ends and is capable of taking loads
at joints.
• They are used as roof trusses to support sloping roofs and as bridge trusses to support deck
• . The trusses are also known as ‘pin jointed frames’.
• Plane truss:- all members lie in one plane

• Space truss:- members lie in different planes

 Examples of plane and space trusses

Perfect, Redundant and Deficient Trusses

• Triangular truss has three joints and three members
• Each new joint is created by adding two extra members and in this way a stable, perfect configuration is
maintained
• Perfect truss: has just enough members to resist loads without experiencing excessive deformation of
its shape
Deficient truss:- has less members than those required for a perfect truss.
-cannot retain its shape when loading is applied
Redundant truss:- has more members than those
required in a perfect truss
 Types of Trusses
• Selection of truss type depends on intended use
• Pratt, Howe, Warren, K trusses used to support bridge decks & large-span roof systems
• Fink truss supports gable-ended roofs.
 Actual truss
 Assumptions

• The ends of the members are pin-connected (hinged).

• The loads act only at the joints.

• Self-weights of the members are negligible.

• Cross-section of the members is uniform .

 Nature of forces in members

C – Compressive forces
T- Tensional forces
 Determinacy
• Basic triangle of truss is statically determinate
• Truss built up by addition of 2 members and 1 joint
• i.e. number of new members = 2 x number of new joints
• For a truss which is statically determinate internally,

• Statically indeterminate,
 Methods of Analysis
Method of Joints

• At each joint forces in members and loads act as a concurrent system of

forces (forces act at same point) so two equations of equilibrium can be
formed
• Begin by selecting a joint with only two unknowns and solve for these using
equilibrium equations
• Move onto the next joint with only two unknown forces and in this way work
from joint to joint in the truss until all member forces have been determined
Example – method of joints
The truss shown in the diagram above is composed of similar members which
are 3m long. Determine the forces in all the members due to a vertical load of
90 kN at G.
M= 2J -3 =2(7)-3 = 11 members, thus
• The frame is statically determinate.
The solution can proceed using the conditions for statical equilibrium. Since it
is necessary to determine the forces in all members, the method of resolution at
joints will be used.
• All members are of the same length, so the internal angles are of 60each. It
o

is necessary to determine the reactions at supports before commencing the

resolution at joints.
 Solution
• Determine the support reactions
• Taking moments about E, ∑ME=0
• VA(9) – 90(6) = 0
• VA = 60 kN
• Taking moments about A, ∑MA=0
• -VE(9) + 90(3) =0
• VE = 30 kN
• Check for mathematical accuracy, ∑V=0
• VA + VE -90 =60 + 30 -90 = 0
Then determine member forces
Resolving at E
∑V=0, FDEsin 60o + VE =0
FDEsin 60o + 30 = 0
FDE = -34.64 Kn ( compressive)
∑H=0, -FDE cos60o – FFE = 0
-(-34.64)cos60o – FDE = 0
FDE = +17.32kN (tension)
• Resolving at C

∑V=0
-FCGsin600 – FCFsin60o = 0
-FCGsin60o – (-34.64) sin60o = 0
FCG = +34.64 kN
∑H=0
-FBC – FCGsin600 + FCFcos60o + FCD = 0
-FBC – (+34.64)cos600 + (-34.64) = 0
FBC = -69.28 kN
For the sake of practice work on the following
Find the forces in all the members of the truss shown in Fig. 3.8(a) using
methods of joints.
 Example on methods of sections

• Using the method of sections, determine the forces in bars BC, BG, and HG
for the truss in the diagram below.
 SOLUTION
Determine the support reactions
Taking moments about E,
∑ME=0
VA(80) – 20(60) – 30(40) = 0
VA = 30 kN
Taking moments about A,
∑MA=0
-VE(80) + 20(20) + 30(40) = 0
VE = 20 kN
Check for arithmetical accuracy:
VA + VE -20 -30 =0
30 + 20 – 20 – 30 = 0 CORRECT
A section is passed through members BC, BG, and HG.
To determine the force in member HG, we sum moments about
point B. Thus
∑MB=0
30(20) – FHG(10) = 0
FHG = 60 kN (Tension)
∑MG=0
30(40) – 20(20) + (2/2.24)FBC(20) = 0
FBC = -44.9 kN (compression)
• To determine FBG, we will sum moments about point A. The moment of F BG is
obtained by resolving the force into components at point G.
∑MA=0
20(20) + (1/2.24)FBG(40) = 0
FBG = -22.2 kN (compression)
• To check our results, we write an equation of horizontal equilibrium.
∑H=0
FHG + 0.89FBG + 0.89FBC = 0
60 + 0.89(-22.2) + 0.89(-44.9) = 0
EXAMPLE
Use methods of joints to work from the above diagram

SOLUTION
 QUESTION TO LOOK ON

Find the forces in the members (1), (2) and (3) of French truss shown on the
diagram below
THANK YOU