Lesson 4.

Globalization

Philippine Politics and Governance

General Academic Strand | Humanities and Social Sciences
Can you name some Japanese
animes you are familiar with?

2
 Can you name some K-Pop
groups you are familiar with?

3
Can you name some chocolate
brands you are familiar with?

4
 Can you name some Western
country singers you are familiar
with?

5
 Can you name some foreign
delicacies you are familiar with?

6
 Can you name some foreign
heads of state you are familiar
with?

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 How do we know about other
states and nations?

What does it mean when we say

“We live in an interconnected world”?

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 Learning
Competency

Explain meanings of globalization

(HUMSS_PG12-Ie-17).

9
Learning
Objectives
● Define globalization.
● Explain the different dimensions and
historical context of globalization.
● Analyze the impacts of globalization on the
politics of states and nations.

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 It’s a Small World after All!
Explore
1. The class will be divided into four groups.
2. One country in the world will be mentioned in
each group.
3. For every country mentioned, each group will
mention one famous person, thing, or event that
they know about the country mentioned (e.g., the
Philippines → Boracay → Manny Pacquiao → halo-
halo → and so on).
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 It’s a Small World after All!
Explore
4. The goal is to exhaust all the possible answers for
each country. The group that will run out of
answers will be eliminated.
5. The last remaining group wins the game.

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 What do the mentioned countries have
Explore in common?

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 How did you learn the information about
Explore the mentioned countries?

14
 What are the benefits of cooperation
Explore among different countries?

15
Essential
Question

What does a “borderless world” look like?

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 Defining Globalization

“emergence of a complex
web of interconnectedness
that means our lives are
increasingly shaped by
events that occur, and
decisions that are made, at
a great distance from us”

(Heywood 2013, 142)

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Dimensions of Globalization (Economic)

It involves the various ways

through which a single global
economy is created.

● international trade –
allows countries to save
costs by specializing on
their products and then
exchanging
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Dimensions of Globalization (Economic)

● outsourcing –
manufacturing stages are
now done in other
countries (e.g., call centers
in the Philippines; iPhone
assembly in China)
● others (e.g., investment
markets and financial
transfers) 19
 Dimensions of Globalization (Political)

It involves the various ways

through which states
interconnect their
governance processes and
political decisions.

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 Dimensions of Globalization (Political)

Different global organizations:

international
governmental
allow collective action among
organizations (IGOs)
states
regional organizations

international non- allow citizens everywhere to unite 21

Dimensions of Globalization (Cultural)

It involves the various ways through which states

exchanges culture, ideas, and information.

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 Dimensions of
cultural Globalization
rise (Cultural)
of a single global culture
homogenization

Possible effects:

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Check Your
Progress

What are the three dimensions of globalization

and how do they describe the
interconnectedness of states?

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 Historical Context of Globalization

Archaic Globalization

It refers to the prehistoric

interconnection between
ancient civilizations.
Examples: trade links between
Sumerian and Indus Valley
civilizations, ancient Greek trade,
Chinese Silk Road
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 Historical Context of Globalization
Proto-Globalization

● occurred during the 15th–

18th century colonialism
and age of exploration
● also known as modern
globalization
Example: Early European empires
trading agricultural products like
spices, slaves, and even diseases
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 Historical Context of Globalization

First Wave of
Modern Globalization
● occurred during the 19th
century up to 1914 (onset of
World War I)
● product of the First Industrial
Revolution in Britain
● coincided with the worldwide
state system
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 Historical Context of Globalization

Second Wave of
Modern Globalization
● started after the two world
wars (after 1945)
● led by the United States
● saw the creation of IGOs like
the UN and the IMF that
facilitated cooperation among
states
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 Historical Context of Globalization

Third Wave of
Modern Globalization
● It started at the beginning of
the 21st century with the
collapse of communism.
● It is also called neoliberal
globalization because of the
series of worldwide adoption
of free market policies.
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Check Your
Progress

How did each wave of globalization emerge?

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Globalization’s Impact on States and Nations

On the single global economy:

Wallerstein’s world systems theory: Globalization

has created a system of dependency that allows core
nations to exploit peripheral nations for raw
materials and cheap labor.

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Globalization’s Impact on States and Nations

On IGOs and regional organizations:

While IGOs and regional organizations have largely

facilitated global collective action, many point to their
politicization, especially by rich powerful states.

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Globalization’s Impact on States and Nations

On cultural globalization:

Many see globalization as the mere Americanization

or Westernization of other states.

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 Choose the correct word from the given options and
Try This! fill in the blank.

1. The early globalization during the age of

exploration and colonialism (15th–18th
century) is also known as ____________
(archaic globalization, proto-globalization).

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 Choose the correct word from the given options and
Try This! fill in the blank.

2. ________________ (Hybridization, Glocalization)

occurs whenever cultures modify foreign
cultural practices in order to practice them
in a way that suits their local cultures.

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 Choose the correct word from the given options and
Try This! fill in the blank.

3. The convergence of cultures around the

world and the diminishing of their
differences result in ________________ (cultural
heterogeneity, cultural homogeneity).

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 Choose the correct word from the given options and
Try This! fill in the blank.

4. When companies _______________ (outsource,

trade), they choose to have some of their
manufacturing stages done abroad, often
by foreign laborers and with foreign
resources.

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 Choose the correct word from the given options and
Try This! fill in the blank.

5. Post-war rehabilitation was a major

motivation for the __________________ (first,
second, third) wave of globalization.

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Wrap- Globalization refers to the development of a
Up
complex web of interconnectedness among
states. An implication of this is that our lives are
increasingly getting shaped by events that occur
and decisions that are made at a great distance
from us.

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Wrap- The Three Dimensions of Globalization
Up
Economic Political Cultural
the the rise of the rapid
development IGOs, regional exchanges of
of a single organizations, ideas and
global and INGOs products
economy across
countries
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Wrap-
Up The interconnectedness of different societies is as
old as history itself. Modern globalization,
however, rose with the development of the
modern state system. The first wave occurred
during the Industrial Revolution, the second
wave happened after the two world wars, and
the third wave occurred toward the end of the
20th century.

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Wrap-
Up

Globalization has benefited states but has

created new problems for them. Many argue that
it has merely reinforced global economic and
political inequality.

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Challenge
Yourself

Does globalization diminish the sovereignty of

states over their territories? Why or why not?

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Photo Credits
● Slide 18: globes by tuppus is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via flickr.

● Slide 19: Typical Groceries by Heather Kennedy is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via flickr.

● Slide 20: Future call center operators by Marcin Monko is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via flickr.

● Slide 21: united nations flag by sanjitbakshi is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via flickr.

● Slide 26: The Meridian Gate, Entrance To The Forbidden City, Peking China [1927] Herbert C. White [RESTORED]
by ralph repo is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via flickr.

● Slide 27: Ships Through the Ages (4) by Boston Public Library is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via
Wikimedia Commons.

● Slide 28: Working an Industrial Revolution era loom by Ben Sutherland is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via flickr.

● Slide 29: Malaria Commission of the League of Nations, Geneva. Photogr Wellcome L0011634 by
Wellcome Library, London is licensed under CC BY 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons.

● Slide 30: Philippine-stock-market-board by Katrina.Tuliao is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons.

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 Bibliography

Barber, Benjamin. Jihad vs McWorld. London: Corgi Books, 2003.

BBC News. Why Taiwan has become a problem for WHO. March 30, 3030.
https://www.bbc. com/news/world-asia-52088167.

Heywood, Andrew. Global Politics. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

Heywood, Andrew. Politics, 4th Edition. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

Hopkins, Antony Gerald (editor). Globalization in World History. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2003.

Kabin, Benjamin. “Apple’s iPhone: Designed in California But Manufactured Fast All Around the World (Infographic).”
Entrepreneur. September 13, 2013. https://www. entrepreneur.com/article/228315.

MacAskill, Ewen & Julian Borger. “Iraq War was illegal and breached UN charter, says Annan.” The Guardian. September
16, 2004. https://www.theguardian.com/world/ 2004/sep/16/iraq.iraq.

Martell, Luke. The Sociology of Globalization. Bristol: Policy Press, 2010.

Martinez-Vela, Carlos. World Systems Theory. Fall, 2001. https://web.mit.edu/esd.83/www/ notebook/WorldSystem.pdf.

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 Bibliography

Mercurio, Richmond. “Philippines remains world’s call center capital — CCAP.” Philippine Star. May 31, 2018.
https://www.philstar.com/business/2018/05/31/1820097/ philippines-remains-worlds-call-center-capital-ccap.

Ohmae, Kenichi. Borderless World: Power and Strategy in the Interlinked Economy. London: Harper Collins, 1989.

RItzer, George. The McDonaldization of Society. California: Pine Forge Press, 2000.

Roylance, Winona. “Davos was all about globalization 4.0, so what does it mean?” Diplomatic Courier. March 13, 2019.
https://www.diplomaticourier.com/posts/davos-was-all-about-globalization-4-0-so-what-does-it-mean#:~:text=W
ith%20digital%20technologies%20continuously%20disrupting,structures%E2%80%94may%20be%20upon%20us
.

Ryan, J. Michael. “Homogenization and Heterogenization.” In The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Consumption and
Consumer Studies, edited by Daniel Thomas Cook and J. Michael Ryan, 1-2. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.,
2015.

Scholte, Jan Aart. Globalization: A Critical Introduction, 2nd edition. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

Vanham, Peter. “A brief history of globalization.” World Economic Forum. January 17, 2019.
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/01/how-globalization-4-0-fits-into-the-history-of-globalization/.

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