An

uction
I n t ro d
to

GORDON
ALLPORT
S’
PSYCHO
LOGY
OF
E O R IES
TH INDIVIDU
AL
OF
O N ALITY
PERS
GORDON W. ALLPORT
1897-1967
-born in Indiana in 1897, the son of a
physician and former school teacher.
- He received an undergraduate degree in
philosophy and economics and a PhD from
Harvard,
- spent 2 years studying under some of the
great German psychologists, but he returned
from Europe to teach at Harvard.
- Two years later he took a position at
Dartmouth, but after 4 years at Dartmouth,
he returned to Harvard, where he remained
until his death in 1967.
Topics:

01 Allport's Approach
to Personality
04 Critique of Allport
Theory

02 Structure of
Personality
05 Concept of Humanity

03 Motivation
Allport's Approach to
Personality Theory
 A. What Is Personality?
- "the dynamic organization within the individual of those
psychophysical systems that determine [the person's] behavior and
thought.
- Dynamic organization: patterned yet subject to change
- Psychophysical: importance of both psychological and physical
aspects of personality
- Determine: not merely the mask we wear but the person behind that
- Characteristics: uniqueness of the individual
- Behavior and thinking: anything the person does (external or
internal)
 B. What is the Role of Conscious
Motivation?
- Whereas Freud would
- began with his short-lived attribute an unconscious
discussion with Freud, desire in the story of the
when Allport had not yet young boy on the -He was inclined to accept
selected a tram car, Allport saw the self-reports at face value.
career in psychology. story as an expression of
a conscious motive.
 C. What Are the Characteristics of a
Healthy Person?
- Proactive behavior: not only reacting to external
stimuli but causing their environment to react to them
- Motivated by conscious process: flexible and
autonomous
- Relatively trauma-free childhood
Extension of the sense of self: not self-centered; social
interest are important to them
Warm relating of self to others: intimate and
compassionate; love other unselfishy
Emotional security or self-acceptance: not overly upset
when things do not go as planned
Realistic perception: problem oriented
Insight & humor: no need to attribute their own mistakes
and weakness to others; can laugh at themselves; see
themselves objectively
Unifying philosophy of life: have a clear view of the
purpose of life (not necessarily religious)
Structure of
Personality
 ● most important structures of
personality are those that
permit description of the
individual in terms of
Structure of Personality individual characteristics, and
he called these individual
structures personal
dispositions
A. Personal
Dispositions
● “common traits” which permit inter-
individual comparisons
● “personal dispositions” which are
unusual to the individual.
● Interpersonal comparisons are
inappropriate to personal dispositions
and any attempt of comparison
transforms it to a common trait
Levels (continuum) of personal
dispositions:
● Cardinal dispositions: characteristics
that are so obvious and dominating that
they cannot be hidden from other people.
Not everyone have this
● Central dispositions: all people have 5
to 10 central dispositions, or
characteristics around which their lives
revolve
● Secondary dispositions: are less reliable
and less conspicuous than central traits.
Occur with some regularity
 B. Motivational and Stylistic Dispositions
Allport further divided
personal dispositions into
stylistic dispositions -
the manner in which an
motivational dispositions
individual behaves and
- strong enough to
which guide action (does
initiate action
not really have an exact
drive or instinct that
causes the behavior)
C. Proprium
• all those behaviors and
characteristics that people
regard as warm and central in
their lives.
• self/ego could imply an object
or thing within a person that
controls behavior,
• whereas proprium suggests the
CRÉDITOS: Esta plantilla de presentación fue creada por
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Motivation motives change as
people mature and
also that people are
motivated by present
drives and wants.
people not only react to their
environment, but they also
shape their environment and
cause it to react to them.

A. Theory of
His proactiveapproach
emphasized the idea that people Motivation
often seek additional tension
and that they purposefully act
on their environment in a way
that fosters growth toward
psychological health.
 B. Functional Autonomy

- some (but not all) human motives

are functionally independent from
the original motive responsible for
a particular behavior.
 ● Perseverative functional
autonomy:of certain basic behaviors
two levels of (such as addictive behaviors) to
perseverate or continue in the absence
functional of reinforcement
● Propriate functional autonomy:

autonomy: self-sustaining motives (such as

interests) that are related to the
proprium.
- a behavior is functionally autonomous to
the extent that it seeks new goals, as when
a need (eating) turns into an interest
(cooking).
 Not all behaviors are
functionally
autonomous: • patterns of behavior that
require primary
• biological drives = reinforcement
eating, breathing, and • sublimations that can be
sleeping tied to childhood sexual
• reflex actions such as desires
an eye blink • some neurotic or
• physique, intelligence,
pathological symptoms.
and temperament
• habits in the process
of being formed;
 NOMBRE DE LA

03
SECCIÓN
Describe en qué consiste esta sección
si lo necesitas
 OTRO GRÁFICO

VENUS
Venus es el segundo planeta más
cercano al Sol

MARTE
A pesar de ser rojo, Marte es
Sigue el enlace del gráfico para modificar sus datos y
muy frío
luego pega el nuevo aquí.
Para más información, haz clic aquí
 NUESTRO EQUIPO
SARA ROSALES
Aquí puedes hablar un poco
sobre esta persona

DAVID LEÓN
Aquí puedes hablar un poco
sobre esta persona
 PRUEBA CON UNA LÍNEA DE TIEMPO

A B C D

2010-2015 2015-2019 2019-2022

Júpiter es el planeta más Neptuno es el planeta más La Tierra es el planeta en el
grande de todos lejano al Sol que vivimos
 ORGANIZA CON UNA TABLA
VENUS TIERRA MARTE MERCURIO

Mercurio es el
Es el tercer planeta
ROJO planeta más
más cercano al Sol
cercano al Sol

Es el segundo A pesar de ser

planeta más LUNA rojo, Marte es muy
cercano al Sol frío
 ¿Y SI USAS PORCENTAJES?

24% 52%
no al Venus tiene un nombre precioso
e r c u r io e s el más cerca
M
Sol
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