Basic Cell Types

• Mitochondria
• Plastids
• Ribosomes
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Dictyosomes
• Microbodies
 Mitochondria
• Mitochondria carry out a variety
of important processes in plants.
Their major role is the synthesis
of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
through the coupling of a
membrane potential to the
transfer of electrons from NADH
to O2 via the electron transport
chain.
Mitochondria
 Plastids

• Plastids are pivotal

subcellular organelles that
have evolved to perform
specialized functions in plant
cells, including
photosynthesis and the
production and storage of
metabolites.
Role of Plastids in Plants

• Plastids provide essential

metabolic and signaling
functions, such as the
photosynthetic process in
chloroplasts.
 Ribosomes

• A ribosome is a complex
molecular machine found
inside the living cells that
produce proteins from amino
acids during a process called
protein synthesis or
translation.
Role of Plastids in Plants
 Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• The endoplasmic reticulum
(ER) is the port of entry of
proteins into the
endomembrane system, and
it is also involved in lipid
biosynthesis and storage.
• There are two types of endoplasmic
reticulum: rough endoplasmic reticulum
(rough ER) and smooth endoplasmic
reticulum (smooth ER). Both types are
present in plant and animal cells.
• The endoplasmic reticulum can either be
smooth or rough, and in general its
function is to produce proteins for the rest
of the cell to function. The rough
endoplasmic reticulum has on it
ribosomes, which are small, round
organelles whose function it is to make
those proteins.
Dictyosomes
• Dictyosomes modify
proteins from the
endoplasmic reticulum,
and may also polymerize
sugars to polysaccharides.
• In plant cells, Golgi apparatus
consists of a number of separate
units called as dictyosomes while in
animal cells it occurs as single
compact or loose complex called as
Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex
 Microbodies

• Microbodies, found in cells, are

spherical, membrane-bound
organelles that play a part in
photorespiration and the
conversion of fats into sucrose.
Peroxisomes and glyoxysomes
are the two major types of
microbodies in plant cells.
• The function of plant microbodies
can be separated into two main
biochemical pathways, involving (a)
metabolism of glycolate produced
during photosynthesis by ribulose
diphosphate carboxylase
Thank You