Trends in Groups Within

The Periodic Table

• The periodic table of is made up of elements arranged in columns
and rows
• The rows are called periods and the columns are called groups or
families
Group 1: The Alkali metals
• This group contains the following metals: Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na)
and Potassium (K)
• These elements have some similar properties
• The table below shows some data about these elements
• The atomic number, mass number and size of the atom all increase as
you go down the group
• The melting and boiling points decrease as you go from top to bottom
• Alkali metals all have 1 electron in the outermost shell as shown in
the diagram below
Group 7: The halogens
• This group consists of non-metals called halogens namely: Fluorine,
Chlorine and Bromine
• Fluorine and Chlorine are both gases at room temperature and
bromine is a liquid at room temperature
• The most reactive halogen is fluorine then chlorine and then bromine
• They all have 7 electrons in the outermost shell
Group 8: Noble Gases
• Consists of gases namely: Helium, Neon and Argon
• Noble gases are said to be inert because they are unreactive and they
form compounds
• Group 8 elements all have full number of electrons in their outermost
shell and so they are said to stable