Group 1: Reactivity &

Trends

How Alkali Metals React with Water

Alkali Metals

• Alkali Metals: Gr
oup 1 metals that
includes: Lithium
, Sodium, Potassi
um, Rubidium, Cae
sium and Francium
.
Similar Reactions w
ith Water:
• Group 1 metals will react similarly w
ith water as they are a family of ele
ments called alkali metals
• They will react vigorously with water
to produce an alkaline metal hydroxid
e and hydrogen gas.
Trend of Reactivity

• The Reactivity of Group 1 Metals will increase down the

group
• As you go down the group, the observations during the re
action with air and water becomes more vigorous
Reaction wi
th Air
Reaction wi
th Water
Predicting Properties

• Properties of other Alkali Metals (Rubidium, Caesium and Fra

ncium):
• As the reactivity of alkali metals increases down the Group,
Rubidium, Caesium and Francium will react more vigorously wit
h air and water
• Lithium will be the least reactive at the top and Francium wi
ll be the most reactive at the bottom
• Francium is rare and radioactive so is difficult to confirm p
redictions
Predicted Reaction with Wate
r:
Group 7: Physical States & Properties

• The Physical Properties of Halogens

• Halogens: Group 7 non-metals that are poisonous and includes:

Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine and Astatine.

• Halogens are diatomic, meaning they form molecules of two ato

ms.
Colours and S
tates at Room
Temperature:
Trends in
Physical P
roperties

1. Melting Point
• The Melting and Boiling Points of Halogens increases as y
ou go down the group
State at Room Temperature

• At room temperature (20 °C), the physical states of the Halog

ens become more hard and set.
• Chlorine is a gas, bromine is a liquid and iodine is a solid.
Colour

• The Halogens become dar

ker as you go down the
group.
• Chlorine is pale green,
bromine is red-brown an
d iodine is black.
 • Melting and Boiling Point
Properties
of other H • The melting and boiling point of Halogen
s increases as you go down the group
alogens (F • Fluorine is on the top of Group 7 so wil
l have the lowest melting and boiling po
luorine an int
d Astatin • Astatine is on the bottom of Group 7 so
will have the highest melting and boilin
e) g point
States

• The states of Halogens become more hard and set as you go dow
n the group
• Fluorine is on the top of Group 7 so will be a Gas
• Astatine is on the bottom of Group 7 so will be a Solid
 • The colour of Halogens become darker
as you go down the group
Colour • Fluorine is on the top of Group 7 so
the colour will be lighter: Yellow
• Astatine is on the bottom of Group 7
so the colour will be darker: Black