TRAINING-CONVERTERS

Date:29.12.2022

Presenter:
MANISH S

SCHEDULE A
Making Mobility Safer & Smarter. Everyday
 CONVERTERS
 Converters are equipment which converts physical quantities to electrical signals or vice versa. This
includes I-P, E-P, LVDT, PT, LOAD CELL etc.
 These equipment plays important role in maintaining and monitoring process loop by working as a
driving or feedback.


Pressure
I-P/E-P LVDT Load Cell
Transmitter

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I-P and E-P
 I-P E-P WORKING PRINCIPLE AND SELECTION
 I-P or E-P stands for Current to Pressure and Voltage to
Pressure. It regulates flow of air pressure based on
current or voltage provided to it.
 WORKING- The Flapper of the Flapper-Nozzle instrument is
connected to Pivot so that it can move up and down and a
magnetic material was attached to other end of flapper and it
is kept near the electromagnet. As the magnet gets activated.
the flapper moves towards the electromagnet and the nozzle
gets closed to some extent. So the some part of 20 P.S.I
supplied will escape through nozzle and remaining pressure
will come as output.

 SELECTION-
 What is the input signal?(4-20mA, 0-5VDC, 0-10VDC)
 What is the rating of equipment that to be controlled?
I/P or E/P (Control valve, Brakes, Rollers etc.)
Rating for
control valve
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 I-P/E-P CONVERTERS USES and TROUBLE SHOOTING
 I-P are Current to Pressure converters similarly SETTING UP and TROUBLESHOOTING-
E-P are Voltage to Pressure converters and used 1.Mount pressure gauge at out port.
to control valves, brakes, pressure rollers etc. 2.Set Current at 4mA.
3.Gauge reading should be min value of I/P rating.(If not adjust
zero)
 In our plant we use I-P/E-P converters are
4.Set Current at 20mA.
1.In curing Platen, jacket, Internal control valves 5.Gauge reading should be max value of I/P rating.(If not adjust
to regulate temperature.(3-15Psi or 0-60Psi) span)

2.In Final Finish to inflate tire at Uniformity, CURRENT(mA) 4 8 12 16 20

Endurance.(0-130Psi)
PRESSURE(PSI 3 6.5 9.75 13 16
3.In Building to regulate shaping pressure.(3-15Psi) )
TROUBLESHOOTING
4.In Online apex P-P unit applicator to press apex
1.Adjust span if desired output is not achieving.
on drum(3-15Psi). In triplex to regulate break of
MHE. 2.If pressure is not changing check current at I/P terminals.
3.If current is varying then try changing connector.
4.If problem persists change I/P.

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LVDT
 LVDT WORKING PRINCIPLE AND SELECTION
 LVDT stands for Linear Variable Differential  SELECTION
Transducer. It is a electromechanical device  Where to mount? (inside/outside cylinder)
which works on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction.  What is the length?
 What shape? Tubular, H-Shaped etc.
 WORKING
 What is input signal (4-20mA, 0-10VDC)
 The net induced voltage in the circuit is directly
proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux
across the circuit, and the magnetic flux of the coil
wounded with wires can be changed by moving a bar
magnet through the coil. The primary winding of the
LVDT is connected to the AC power supply, the
alternating magnetic field is produced in the primary
winding, which results in the induced voltage in
secondary windings.

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 LVDT TROUBLESHOOTING
 TROUBLESHOOTING

1.Provide supply to LVDT at terminals

2.Hold magnet at lowermost side of LVDT.
3.In multi-meter set to measure DC voltage in signal
terminals.
4.Gradually move magnet to top side.
5.Watch closely in multi-meter value should be
increasing/decreasing.
6.If signal voltage is not changing then try with another
supply/magnet.

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PRESSURE TRANSMITTER
 PRESSURE TRANSMITTER WORKING PRINCIPLE AND SELECTION
 The pressure on the pressure transmitter acts as
a force on the diaphragm – depending on the
applied pressure the diaphragm either expands
or compresses, and the resistance value changes
accordingly. The value is then transmitted as an
electrical signal.
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SELECTION-
1.What pressure to be measured?(absolute pressure,
gauge pressure, differential pressure)
2.What is type of pressure measurement?(hydraulic,
pneumatic)
3.What is the line pressure of system?
4.What is type of pressure transducer? (strain gauge,
capacitance, potentiometer)
5. PT with voltage signal of 1-5V or 0-10V should not be
used for distance above 5m as voltage signals gets weak
over longer distance.
 PRESSURE TRANSMITTER TROUBLESHOOTING
1.Connect pressure transmitter and
set min pressure.
2.In multi-meter measure current it
should be 4mA.
3.Set max pressure.
4.In multi-meter measure current it
should be 20mA.

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LOAD CELL
 LOAD CELL WORKING PRINCIPLE and SELECTION
 Load cell is a transducer that converts a load or force
into an electrical signal. This electrical signal can be a
voltage change, current change or frequency change
depending on the type of load cell and circuitry used.
 Strain Gauges are thin elastic materials made up of
stainless steel and are fixed inside the load cells using
proprietary adhesives. The strain gauge has a specific
resistance that is directly proportional to its length and
width.
 When a force is applied on the load cell, it bends or  Wheatstone Bridge- Whenever the change in the
resistance of strain gauge takes place, it is displayed
stretches causing the strain gauge to move with it. And,
as an electrical output. But, have you ever wondered
when the length and cross-section of the strain gauge how the resistance change of a strain gauge is
changes, its electrical resistivity also gets altered, measured?
thereby changing the output voltage.
 A load cell works only when the strain gauge has some
change in its resistance and we use the Wheatstone
Bridge to measure this change.

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 SELECTION OF LOAD CELL
 Application understanding
1.To do testing in industry where constant
high stress is given use strain gauge load
cell.
2.To work in remote area use hydraulic load
cell.
3.For fluid dispensing where precision is
must one can use pneumatic load cell.

 What is maximum load capacity?

1.To measure GT weight up to 100kg.
2.To measure truck weight 150tonnes

 Where to measure load?

1. On booking conveyor
2. On endurance machine

 What is frame size?

1.Platform of 20m x 5m
2.Booking conveyor of 500mm x 300mm

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 TROUBLESHOOTING of LOAD CELL

 Checking without power :

1. Put multi-meter in resistance measurement
2. Connect to input leads (excitation leads blue and black) check
resistance it should be in range as per data sheet.
3. Connect to sense leads (Green and Grey)
4. Note that excitation and sense leads resistance measured should be
same.
5. Connect to output leads(Red and white) check resistance it should be
in range as per data sheet.
 Checking with power :
1. Connect 9V battery to input leads.
2. Make sure there is no force on load cell.
3. Check voltage at sense leads it should show same voltage as input
leads.
4. Check millivolts at output leads with no load.
5. Put some load on load cell and measure voltage it should change.
6. After removing load it should regain value that of no load.

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 THANK YOU

Making Mobility Safer & Smarter. Everyday.