TNG LIN ON LAO NG VIT NAM

TRNG I HC TN C THNG

KHOA IN-IN T

MN HC: IN T CNG SUT
M MN HC : 403005


GV. INH HONG BCH
02 Jan 2011 1 403005 in t cng sut
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] in T Cng Sut , TS. Nguyn Vn Nh , HBK
TP.HCM.
[2] Ned Mohan, Tore M. Underland, Robbins: Power
Electronics, 1989
[3] M.Rashid: Power Electronics
[4] M.Rashid: Spice for Power Electronics and Electric
Power, 1993
[5] Matlab Guide: Power System Blockset, 1998


02 Jan 2011 2 403005 in t cng sut
NH GI MN HC

Thi gia k: 20%
Kim tra trn lp: 10%
Thi cui k: 70%


02 Jan 2011 3 403005 in t cng sut

CHNG I:

Gii thiu linh kin in t cng sut



02 Jan 2011 4 403005 in t cng sut
5
Cc linh kin khng iu khin: DIOD, DIAC
Cc linh kin ch iu khin ng c: SCR,
TRIAC
Cc linh kin iu khin ng ngt c: BJT,
MOSFET, IGBT, GTO
Cc linh kin khc (R,L,C)

02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
Cc linh kin TCS
6 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
- K hiu

- Cu trc p-n

- c tnh Volt-Ampere (c tnh tnh)

c tnh ng-ngt (c tnh ng)
+ Khi dng thun qua diode gim nhanh, diode s khng ngt theo c
tnh V-A;
+ Khi dng thun gim ti 0, diode khng ngt ngay m dn theo chiu
ngc li;
+ Sau mt thi gian ngn dng ny gim nhanh v gi tr dng nghch.
Lc ny in tr nghch ca diode c phc hi v diode c kh nng
chu p nghch.
DIOD
DIAC
- K hiu

- Cu trc p-n
+ 2 lp tip gip p-n;
- c tnh Volt-Ampere (c tnh tnh)
+ Khi p nm trong khong -
UBO,+UBO diac khng dn;
+ Khi p ln hn +UBO hoc nh hn -
UBO diac dn
- c im
+ Dn dng theo c 2 chiu. Khi dn in p trn Diac nh,
dng qua ln theo c 2 chiu thun nghch.
7 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
THYRISTOR (SCR)
- K Hiu
- Cu trc p-n
- c tnh Volt-Ampere (c tnh tnh)
+ Nhnh thun: thyristor ng, in p trn thyristor gn bng 0;
+ Nhnh nghch: thyristor ngt, chu p nghch v dng gn bng 0;
+ Trng thi kha: thyristor ngt v chu c p thun.
8 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
THYRISTOR (SCR)
- c im
+ Thyristor ng khi c 2 iu kin:
I/ Thyristor trng thi kha;
II/ C xung dng kch IG>0 ln.
+ Qu trnh ngt Thyristor qua 2 giai on:
I/ Dng thun gim xung thp hn dng duy tr (bng cch thay
i in tr hay in p trn Thyristor);
II/ Thyristor phc hi kh nng kha (duy tr p ngc).
Giai on u ca qu trnh ngt Thyristor tng t nh Diode.
Tuy nhin sau khi phc hi in tr nghch, cn c thm thi
gian kh nng kha ca Thyristor c phc hi.
9 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
THYRISTOR (SCR)
- Cc thng s c bn
+ in p nghch cc i lp li U
RRM
;
+ in p kha cc i lp li U
DRM
;
+ in p nghch cc i khng lp li U
RSM
;
+ tng in p kha cho php (du/dt)
crit
(V/s) ;
+ tng ca dng in cho php (di/dt)
crit
(A/s) ;
+ in p kch V
G
;
+ Dng kch I
G
;
+ Dng hiu dng I
TRMS
;
+ Dng trung bnh I
TAV
;
+ st p theo chiu thun V
T
;
+ Dng duy tr I
H
;
+ Thi gian ngt ti thiu (duy tr p ngc phc hi kh
nng kha) t
q
.

10 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
TRIAC
- c im
+ Khi trn Triac c in p khc 0, ng Triac c thc hin
bng xung I
G
c chiu bt k. Tuy nhin nhy s cao hn khi
kch thun (dng kch dng khi dng qua Triac dng v ngc
li);
+ Khng iu khin ngt Triac. Triac ngt theo nguyn tc ca
Thyristor
- K hiu :
- c tnh Volt-Ampere (c tnh
tnh)
+ Dn dng theo c 2 chiu;
+ C 2 trng thi: ng v
kha.
11 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
TRIAC
- Cc thng s c bn
+ in p nghch cc i lp li U
RRM
;
+ in p kha cc i lp li U
DRM
;
+ tng in p kha cho php (du/dt)
crit
(V/s) ;
+ tng ca dng in cho php (di/dt)
crit
(A/s);
+ in p kch cc i V
GM
;
+ Dng kch cc i I
GM
;
+ Dng hiu dng I
TRMS
;
+ st p khi dn V
T
;
+ Dng duy tr I
H
.

12 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
- Cu trc p-n
+ C 2 lp tip gip p-n;
+ Trong TCS thng s dng BJT
mc cc E chung lm vic nh cng
tc CE c iu khin bng dng
i
B
.
BJT
- K hiu

- c tnh Volt-Ampere (c tnh tnh)
+ Trong TCS BJT lm vic ch ng ngt, nn im lm vic
khng nm trong vng khuch i.
+ Cn hn ch in p m trn BE v kh nng chu p ngc ca BJT
kh thp.
13 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
BJT
- Cc thng s c bn
+ H s khuch i tnh ca dng h
FE
= I
C
/ I
B
khi U
CE
= const,
h s khi bo ha h
FE SAT
;
+ nh mc in p: ph thuc vo kh nng chu p ca cc
lp bn dn u
CEOM
- l in p cc i trn lp CE khi I
B
= 0,
u
EBOM
- l in p cc i trn lp EB khi I
C
= 0;
+ nh mc dng in: I
BM
, I
CM
, I
EM
;
+ Cng sut gii hn cho php: ch yu do tn hao cng sut
ng ra P
C
= U
CE
*I
C
;
+ Thi gian tr ng, ngt ton, toff.
14 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
MOSFET
- K hiu

- Cu trc p-n

- c tnh Volt-Ampere (c tnh tnh)

- c im
+ L transistor hiu ng trng, dn in ch bng 1 loi ht dn;
+ ng ngt nhanh, tn hao ng ngt thp;
+ in tr khi dn in ln nn tn hao cng sut khi dn ln;
+ iu khin bng in p cng u
GS
, MOSFET dn in p ny
phi tc ng lin tc.
15 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
IGBT
- K hiu

- Cu trc p-n

- c tnh Volt-Ampere (c tnh tnh)

- c im
+ L transistor c iu khin bi MOSFET ng vo, ng ngt bng
in p u
GE
;
+ C in p v dng nh mc ln;
+ ng ngt nhanh, tn hao ng ngt thp;
+ C th lm vic tn s cao;
+ St p khi dn thp.
16 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
GTO
- K hiu

- Cu trc p-n

- c tnh Volt-Ampere (c tnh tnh)

- c im
+ Tng t nh thyristor nhng c th iu khin ngt;
+ Kch ng bng xung dng, cn duy tr dng kch khi GTO dn;
+ Kch ngt bng xung dng m c gi tr ln. Nng lng cn cho vic
kch ngt ln hn lc kch ng gp nhiu ln, qu trnh kch ngt chm;
+ ng dng trong cc mch cng sut ln.
17 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
CHNG II:

GII THIU B CHNH LU

18 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
Phn loi
19 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
Phn loi (tt)
U
t
o cos . 2 2
2
d
I
U
t
o cos . 2 2
U
t
o) cos 1 .( 2 +
d
I
t
o t
U
t
o) cos 1 .( 2 +
d
I
t
o t
2

d
I
t
o t
Mch Pha iu khin Gc o U
d
I
V1
I
1

Tia 1
(1)
(0,t) I
d
/2
Cu 1
(1)
(0,t) I
d
/2 I
d

Cu 1
(2)
(0,t) I
d
/2
Cu 1
(3)
(0,t)
(1) - iu khin hon ton; (2) - iu khin bn phn i xng;
(3) - iu khin bn phn khng i xng
20 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
Phn loi (tt)
Mch Pha iu khin Gc o U
d
I
V1
I
1

Tia 3
(1)
(0,t) I
d
/3
Cu 3
(1)
(0,t) I
d
/3
Cu 3
(2)
(0,t) I
d
/3
U
t
o
2
cos . 6 3
3
d
I
U
t
o cos . 6 3
d
I
3
2
U
t
o
2
) cos 1 .( 6 3 +
d
d
I
I
t
o t
t
o
t
o

> -
< -
:
3
3
2
:
3
21 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
Cc ch lm vic
Tham s \ PP iu khin K hon ton K bn phn
Gc iu khin o 0<o<t/2 t/2<o<t 0<o<t
in p chnh lu U
d
>0 <0 >0
Cng sut trn ti P
d
>0 <0 >0
Chiu truyn cng sut Ngun Ti Ngun Ti Ngun Ti
Ch lm vic Chnh lu Nghch lu Chnh lu
22 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
Ch dng lin tc v gin on
in p chnh lu c cha thnh phn xoay chiu
lm dng chnh lu c th b gin on;
Khi dng tai lin tc, tr trung bnh ca p chnh lu
ch ph thuc vo ngun v gc kch. Khi dng
gin on, dng in p chnh lu cn ph thuc
vo tham s ca ti;
Dng ti gin on lm c tnh iu khin tr
thnh phi tuyn, h thng tr nn kh hiu chnh
nn cn hn ch vung dng gin on.
23 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
Bi tp p dng
Xem cc V d 2.1, 2.2, 2.5, 2.7, 2.17 trong
ti liu [1]

24 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
CHNG III:

GII THIU B BIN I P XOAY
CHIU

25 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
Chc nng, c im, ng dng
Vi ngun in p ng vo c gi tr v tn s
khng i, b bin i in p xoay chiu dung
thay i in p hiu dng ng ra;
in p ng vo v ng ra c cung tn s;
Tng t nh my bin p nhng in p ng ra
c th thay i lin tc (thay i v cp);
Dung iu khin cng sut cc ti xoay chiu
nh l nng, bp in, ng c khng ng b,...
26 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
B bin i xoay chiu 1 pha
+ L cng tc bn dn vi 2 Thyristor mc song song ngc
chiu nhau, nu ti c cng sut nh th c th thay bng
Triac;
+ Ph thuc vo gc iu khin, in p trn ti thay i
trong khong t 0 ti gi tr in p ngun;
27 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
Cc tham s
t
o
t
o
2
2 sin
1 +
t
o
t
o 2 sin 2
2 +
t
o
t
o
o
2
2 sin
1
) (
+
=
R
R
t
o
t
o
e
o
2 sin 2
2
) (
+
=
L
Z
L
Loai tai R L
Goc iu khin 0< o< t 0< o< t/2 t/2 < o< t
U
t
/

U 1
Ti tng
ng
Z
L
=eL
iu khin p
ti
c Khng
c
c
Dng ti Gin on Lin tc Gin on
28 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
c tnh iu khin
Ghi ch:
U, U
t
- tr hiu dng ca in p ngun v in p trn ti;
I
t
- dng hiu dng qua ti.
29 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
B bin i xoay chiu 3 pha
+ Gm 3 cng tc bn dn mc vo 3 pha ca ngun, nu ti c cng sut
nh th c th thay bng Triac;
+ Gc kch thay i trong khong 0 < o < 5t/6;
+ Vic m t cc qu trnh in p v dng in c thc hin bng cch
m phng trn my tnh.
30 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
Cng tc xoay chiu
ng ngun hay ngt ngun cho ti xoay chiu;
u im so vi cng tc c: khng c hin tng phng tia
la in, p ng nhanh, cng sut iu khin nh;
Khuyt im: trng thi ng lun c st p trn cng
tc, trng thi ngt lun c dng in r;
Dung ng ngt cc ti: ng c, t bu cng sut phn
khng,...
ng cng tc: cp xung kch lin tc ng thi vo tt c
cc thyristor chng thay phin nhau dn. Hot ng nh
b bin i in p xoay chiu vi gc kch o lun bng 0;
Ngt cng tc: kha kch ng thi tt c cc thyristor.
31 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
Bi tp p dng
Xem cc v d 3.1, 3.2, 3.5 v 3.6 trong ti liu [1].
32 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
CHNG IV:

GII THIU B NGHCH LU
33 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
Chc nng, c im, ng dng ca
mch nghch lu
Bin i ngun mt chiu thnh xoay chiu;
Ngun c th l ngun p hay ngun dng,
ng ra c th iu khin in p hay dng
in;
L thnh phn quan trng trong b bin tn.
C th ng dng trong iu khin ng c
AC, b lu in, ngun gia dng, bu cng
sut phn khng, l cm ng,...

34 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
Phn loi
35 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
B nghch lu p 1 pha cu
U
nt
2 2
U
t
(1)
U
t(n)
(2)
THD
(3)

U


, n le
48.3%
36 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
B nghch lu p 1 pha bn cu
U
t
(1)
U
t(n)
(2)
THD
(3)

U/2


, n le
48.3%
U
nt
2
37 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
B nghch lu p 3 pha cu
U
t
(1)
U
t(n)
(2)
THD
(3)




, n le
31.1%
U
nt
2
U
3
2
38 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
B nghch lu p a bc
U
t
(1)
U
t(n)
(2)
THD
(3)




, n le
21.1%
U
5
19 U
nt
6
39 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
B nghch lu dng 1 pha
40 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
B nghch lu dng 3 pha
41 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
Bi tp p dng
42 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
Xem cc v d 5.6, 5.7, 5.9 v 5.10 trong
ti liu [1].
CHNG V:

GII THIU B BIN TN

43 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
Chc nng, c im, ng dng
Bin i in p / dng xoay chiu t tn s ny
thnh tn s khc, s pha cung c th thay i;
Dung iu khin tc ng c AC ng b
hay khng ng b, iu khin nng lng cung
cp cho l cm ng.
44 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
Phn loi cc b bin tn
45 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
B bin tn gin tip
B chnh lu (c iu khin hay khng iu khin): dung bin i in
p xoay chiu tn s khng i 1 hay 3 pha thnh in p hay dng 1
chiu.
Khu trung gian 1 chiu: l ngun cho b nghch lu, gm cun cm L v
t lc C c gi tr ln (vi ngn F) nu b bin tn c cha b nghch lu
p. Nu b bin tn c cha b nghch lu dng th khu trung gian 1
chiu ch c cun cm L (vi mH).
B nghch lu bin in p / dng in 1 chiu thnh in p / dng in
xoay chiu 1 hay 3 pha vi tn s thay i c ng ra.
46 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut
B bin tn trc tip
C cu to ging b chnh lu kp;
To in p trn ti bng cc phn ca in p ngun, khng qua khu
trung gian;
Khc vi b chnh lu kp, b bin tn trc tip c in p trn ti thay i
tun hon vi tn s thp hn tn s ca in p ngun;
C th iu khin cc b chnh lu trong b bin tn trc tip theo phng
php iu khin ring hay phng php iu khin ng thi;
S mch v qui lut iu khin phc tp hn b bin tn gin tip;
47 02 Jan 2011 403005 in t cng sut