ANALOGY

powerful tool which challenges and

encourages you to think critically. It is a
strong device used to show connections and
comparisons between unlike things which
highlight how they are alike (Barbacena,
2010).
Good morning. How may I help you?

Good morning. I’m looking for an

elegant dress for a party.

What do you like?

 I don’t know. What colors do you have?

We have variety of colors. How about blue?

I think it matches your eyes and your brown hair!

Okay. Please hand me medium.

Here it is.

Can I try it on?

Of course, The fitting room is there. Does it

fit?
 Well, it is smaller than my fit.
Do you have a bigger one?

Only in red. Would you like to try it on?

Yes, thank you. It fits perfectly.

Yes, and it suits you well.

How much is it?

It’s 500 pesos.

 I will buy this. Here is the money.

Please proceed to counter 3 for your payment,

ma’am.

Thank you.
The pairs of words listed below show the different
types of relationship in analogy.
PAIR OF WORD RELATIONSHIP
eyes : face Part to Whole
she wanted to buy a dress : she went to Cause and Effect
the mall
saleslady : mall Person to Situation
little : small Synonym
elegant : unattractive Antonym
shopping mall : city Geography
morning : evening Time
 This is good to know . . .

Analogy is a pair of terms that has common relationship. In most

cases, you will not only determine the common relationship between each
pair but you will also have to identify which term makes up each pair.
Usually, you are given two terms in the format A : B, which could be read
as A related to B (Barbacena, et. al., 2010).
Example:
(A) : (B)
kitchen : house - Kitchen and House are related since
kitchen is part of the house.
 Writers use analogy to connect unfamiliar words or new
ideas with common and familiar objects. It functions as
description or explanation of one thing by examining its
similarities and differences and forces the reader to understand
the connection between them. Using this technique, vocabulary
skills as well as speed in reading comprehension are enhanced.
Types of Relationships in Analogy
 1. Part to Whole
A relationship in analogy in which one term is part of the other term
Example:
eyes : face (The eyes are part of the face.)
 2. Cause and Effect
A relationship in analogy in which one term is the result of the other term
Example:
She wanted to buy a dress : she went to the mall
(She wanted to buy a dress so she went to the mall.)
 3. Person to Situation
A relationship in analogy in which one term is the work place of
the other
Example:
saleslady : mall (A saleslady works in a mall.)
 4. Synonym
A relationship in analogy in which both terms have the same
meaning
Example:
little : small (Both terms mean the same.)
 5. Antonym

A relationship in analogy in which the terms are opposite in

meaning
Example:
elegant : unattractive (The words have opposite meaning.)
 6. Geography
A relationship in analogy in which one of the terms can be
situated in the other
Example:
shopping mall : city (Shopping mall is found in the city.)
7. Time
A relationship in analogy in which both
terms speak of time element
Example:
morning : evening (Both indicate time.)
 When analogies are used in myths, legends and short stories to
express comparison of two unlike things but share common
property, it is called Figurative Analogy. It comes in statement
form.
 Example:

The rain is Tungkung Langit’s tears and thunders are his sobbing.
The writer compares Tungkung Langit’s tears to rain as he burst into
tears because of his heavy heart, in the same way when clouds are
heavy, they fall as rain; while the loudness of his cry is compared to
the intensity of thunder.
Let’s Compare!
Directions: Complete the statements that
follow and reveal the traits of the
characters from the comic strip read.
Choose the answer in the box after each
statement.
 1. Alunsina
is a jealous wife. She doesn’t have
___________________.
A. care B. hope C. trust

 2. TungkungLangit is an erupting volcano when angry. He

is___________.
A. irritable B. moody C. violent

 3. TungkungLangit wants order and peace in his place. He is

a___________ leader.
A. concerned B. kind C. wise
 4. Thelove of Tungkung Langit and Alunsina is weak. It is not
____________
A. romantic B. strong C. sweet

 5. Both are impatient because ________________

A. they are hot-tempered.
B. they easily give up their love.
C. they did not find ways to fix their problem.