PHYSICS

PRESENTATION

•PRESENTED BY:
•AIDEN HERALAL
•ZEBADIAH CHARIANDY
•KERRON SURUJPAUL
•JADON BURNETT
•JOSHUA MARAJH
•KYLE KISSOONLAL

• COMPILED BY: AIDEN HERALAL

TEACHER: SIR. CHAD BACHAN
FUNDAMENTAL
QUANTITIES Table showing some examples of Fundamental Quantities:

AIDEN HERALAL
TOPICS: 1) FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES &
UNITS AND (2) PREFIXES.
• FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES ARE
SHORTENED WAYS OF REPRESENTING
QUANTITIES, WHETHER THEY ARE
SCALAR OR VECTOR. FOR E.G.;
LENGTH IS METRES (M), ELECTRIC
CURRENT IS AMPERES (A), AND
LUMINOUS INTENSITY IS CANDELA
(CD), ETC.
• FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES ARE THE
BASIC PHYSICAL QUANTITIES THAT
DON’T DEPEND ON ANY OTHER
QUANTITIES.
THE ONLY RULE BEING: “THE CASE IN
WHICH A LETTER/S ARE DISPLAYED,
WHETHER UPPER OR LOWER CASE
MATTERS SO, IN THE INSTANCE OF
HAVING TWO OF THE SAME LETTERS
THEY EACH WOULD POSSESS THEIR OWN
MEANING E.G., ‘T’=> PERIOD (SEC),
STANDARD FORM
EXAMPLE
• JOSHUA MARAJH
• FOR E.G.
TOPICS: 1) STANDARD FORM.
• 800 ---> A*10^N = 8*10^3
STANDARD FORM OR INDEX IS A SYSTEM USED
TO REPRESENT NUMBERS WHICH ARE LARGE • GIVEN THAT THE ZEROES EXIST AFTER THE
OR SMALL IN A NOTICEABLE AND SYSTEMATIC 8 TO ATTAIN THE ORIGINAL VALUE OF 8
WAY GIVEN THE USE OF THE FORMULAE: THE POINTS WOULD HAVE TO BE
(A* 10^N). SHIFTED THREE PLACES TO THE RIGHT.
THEREFORE, THE OPPOSITE WOULD HAVE
TO BE DONE IN TERMS OF A
(A)---> “A NUMBER WHICH EXISTS BETWEEN 1- SMALLER NUMBER.
10.”
(N)---> “HOW MANY ZEROS MUST BE ADDED TO
THE NUMBER, AND WHETHER POSITIVE OR
NEGATIVE THAT DEPENDS WHERE THOSE
ZEROS ARE PLACED.”
 PREFIXES
• AIDEN HERALAL
TOPIC: (2)PREFIXES.
PREFIXES:IN PHYSICS, WE USE PREFIXES TO MODIFY THE MEANING OF QUANTITIES FOR EXAMPLE WHEN
WE REFER TO ‘SUB-ZERO TEMPERATURES’ ON A SNOWY DAY, THE PREFIX ‘SUB’ MEANING ‘LOWER THAN’,
HENCE, WE ARE DESCRIBING TEMPERATURES LOWER THAN ZERO.
NOW WHEN IT COMES TO SI UNITS, WE USE PREFIXES TO EXPRESS LARGE OR SMALL QUANTITIES. USING
THIS CAN SIMPLIFY THE EXPRESSIONS THAT THE TERMS USED TO DESCRIBE ANY NUMBER OF ANY SIZE.
THERE IS ALSO ONE MORE THING YOU SHOULD KNOW, YOU SHOULD KNOW HOW TO FORMAT THE
SYMBOLS. SO, FOR SI PREFIXES FOR SMALLER QUANTITIES SHOULD BE WRITTEN IN LOWERCASE AND SI
PREFIXES FOR LARGER QUANTITIES SHOULD BE WRITTEN IN UPPERCASE EXCEPT FOR THESE THREE:
• KILO (K) HECTO (H) DECA (DA)
• Here is a SI Prefix Table
CONVERSIO
N WHEN CONVERTING HOURS TO SECONDS WE MULTIPLY BY
Jadon Burnett
WHEN CONVERTING A NUMBER INTO
STANDARD FORM, SIMPLY SPLIT THE
NUMBER INTO TWO PARTS “A” AND “10”.
FOR INSTANCE,
 30’000 WOULD BE WRITTEN AS 3 X
10^4
 400’000 WOULD BE WRITTEN AS 4 X
10^5
 175’000 WOULD BE WRITTEN AS 1.75
X 10^5
WHEN THERE IS A NEGATIVE NUMBER IN
THE INDEX, THIS MEANS THAT WE HAVE
MOVED FROM MULTIPLICATION TO
DIVISION.
• 0.03 WOULD BE WRITTEN AS 3
X10−2𝟏𝟎−𝟐
• 0.004 WOULD BE WRITTEN AS 4
X 10−3𝟏𝟎−𝟑
• 0.0005 WOULD BE WRITTEN AS 5 X10-4
3600.
1 HOUR = 60 MINUTES
1 MINUTE = 60 SECONDS
1 HOUR = 60 X 60 = 3600 SECONDS
• WHEN CONVERTING KILOMETERS TO METERS ONE WOULD
MULTIPLY BY 1000.
• WHEN CONVERTING METERS TO KILOMETERS ONE WOULD
DIVIDE BY 1000.
1 KILOMETER = 1000 METERS.
HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES:
1) 8KM/HR TO M/S
8 X 1000/3600SEC
8 X 1000/(60 X 60SEC) = 2.22 M/SEC
2) 200 M/S TO KM/HR
200 M/SEC X 3600/1000=720 KM/HR
 SCALES 1. Linear scales - this is where the margin between the marks is
equally spaced. e.g., ruler, beaker, and measuring tapes, are
some examples.
• ZEBADIAH CHARIANDY
TOPICS: 1) SCALES.
SCALES - SCALES ARE A SET
OF GRADUATIONS/MARKS AT
REGULAR OR IRREGULAR
INTERVALS ON A
MEASURING INSTRUMENT. 2. Non- linear scales- this is where the margin of measurement is
ON A SCALE THE SMALLER not equally spaced. E.g., conical flasks, some graphs and pressure
THE MARGIN BETWEEN gauges, are some examples.
THE GRADUATIONS THE
MORE ACCURATE THE
MEASUREMENTS.
• There are two types of scales:
ACCURACY AND PRECISION
• KYLE KISSOONLAL
TOPIC: 1)ACCURACY AND PRECISION.
ACCURACY - “ACCURACY CAN BE DEFINED
AS HOW CLOSE THE ANSWER OBTAINED IS
NEAR TO THE TRUE/ABSOLUTE VALUE.”
PRECISION - “PRECISION IS DEFINED AS THE
CLOSENESS OF SEVERAL MEASUREMENTS
IN AN EXPERIMENT.”
• GIVEN THE DESCRIPTIONS OF ACCURACY
AND PRECISION THE DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN THE TWO DEFINITIONS CAN BE
OBSERVED IN THE PICTURE.
 ENERGY
• KERRON SURUJPAUL
TOPICS: 1) ENERGY.
G.P.E.= M*G*H--->(M)=MASS, (G)=GRAVITY, (H)=HEIGHT, G.P.E. = JOULES (J)
ENERGY: ENERGY IS THE CAPACITY
TO DO WORK. WORK IS A FORM OF K.E. AND G.P.E. ARE INTERCHANGEABLE DUE TO THE LAW OF
ENERGY. (ENERGY IS MEASURED IN CONSERVATION OF ENERGY. (L.O.C.O.E.).
JOULES). ENERGY (E) = FORCE (F) X THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY (L.O.C.O.E.) STATES, ENERGY
DISPLACEMENT (S) CANNOT BE CREATED NOR DESTROYED BUT CAN BE CONVERTED
ENERGY IS CLASSIFIED INTO FROM ONE FORM TO THE OTHER.
MECHANICAL AND NON-
MECHANICAL ENERGY.
• MECHANICAL ENERGY - ENERGY
A BODY POSSESS DUE TO ITS
POSITION OR MOTION. HENCE,
KINETIC ENERGY (ENERGY A
BODY HAS DUE TO ITS MOTION.)
THE FORMULAE FOR KINETIC
ENERGY BEING ---> "KE= ½ MV^2 "
• POTENTIAL ENERGY- STORED
ENERGY WITHIN THE OBJECT’S
POSITION OR ITS STATE.
• GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL
ENERGY IS ENERGY POSSESSED
BY OBJECT DUE TO N TO ITS
ENERGY • NON-MECHANICAL ENERGY - IS ENERGY THAT LIES AT
• KERRON SURUJPAUL
THE LEVEL OF ATOMS AND DOESN’T AFFECT MOTION NOR
POSITION ON A LARGE SCALE. SOME INCLUDE:
TOPIC: 1) ENERGY. CONT'D.
• HEAT- THE ENERGY WHICH FLOWS FROM A REGION OF
THIS IS A DIAGRAM DISPLAYING ENERGY
TRANSFORMATIONS THAT CAN OCCUR IN HIGHER TEMPERATURE TO A REGION OF LOWER
A WATER STREAM: TEMPERATURE.
• SOUND- THIS FORM OF ENERGY IS PRODUCED FROM
VIBRATIONS
• CHEMICAL ENERGY- STORED WITH FOOD, BIOMASS AND
ELECTRIC CELLS AND IS RELEASED DURING CHEMICAL
REACTIONS.
ENERGY TRANSFORMATION IS THE CHANGING OF ENERGY
FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER AS STATED IN THE LAW OF
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY.
EXAMPLE.
AN APPLE FALLING ONTO GRASS FROM A TREE.
GPE -> KE -> HEAT ENERGY + SOUND ENERGY.