Lesson 8.2 - Deflection (Area Moment)

moment area theorem
Moment-Area theorems
✘ d on either side of the element dx = the lighter shade area

under the M/EI diagram
✘ Integrating from point A on the elastic curve to point B, we
have
B M
B/ A   dx
A EI
✘ This eqn forms the basis for the first moment-area theorem
Chapter 8: Deflections
Structural Analysis 7th Edition
© 2009 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
✘ Theorem 1
○ The change in slope between any 2 points on the elastic
curve equals the area of the M/EI diagram between the
2 points
✘ The second moment-area theorem is based on the relative
derivation of tangents to the elastic curve
✘ Shown in Fig 8.12(c) is a greatly exaggerated view of the
vertical deviation dt of the tangents on each side of the
differential element, dx
✘ Since slope of elastic curve & its deflection are assumed to

be very small, it is satisfactory to approximate the length of
each tangent line by x & the arc ds’ by dt
✘ Using s = r  dt = xd
✘ Using eqn 8.2, d = (M/EI) dx
✘ The vertical deviation of the tangent at A wrt the tangent at
B can be found by integration
✘ Centroid of an area
x  dA   xdA
BM
t A/ B  x dx
A EI
x  distance from the vertical axis through

A to the centroid of the area between A & B.
✘ Theorem 2
○ The vertical deviation of the tangent at a point (A) on
the elastic curve wrt the tangent extended from another
point (B) equals the “moment” of the area under the
M/EI diagram between the 2 points (A & B)
○ This moment is computed about point A where the
derivation is to be determined
✘ Provided the moment of a +ve M/EI area from A to B is

computed, it indicates that the tangent at point A is above the
tangent to the curve extended from point B
✘ -ve areas indicate that the tangent at A is below the tangent
extended from B
✘ It is important to realise that the moment-area theorems can

only be used to determine the angles & deviations between 2
tangents on the beam’s elastic curve
✘ In general, they do not give a direct solution for the slope or
disp. at a point
SIGN CONVENTION
✘ Sign Conventions The following rules of sign, illustrated in Fig. 6.7,

✘ apply to the two moment-area theorems: . The tangential deviation tB=A
is positive if B lies above the tangent line drawn to the elastic curve at A,
and negative if B lies below the tangent line. . Positive yB=A has a
counterclockwise direction, whereas negative yB=A has a clockwise
direction.
some figures
some figures
some figures
prcedure for analysis
✘ STEP 1- SOLVE FOR THE REACTIONS AT THE SUPPORT

✘ STEP 2- DRAW THE MOMENT DIAGRAM (MIGHT AS WELL
DRAW THE SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAM)
○ If the beam is loaded with concentrated forces, the M/EI diagram will
consist of a series of straight line segments, and the areas and their
moments required for the moment-area theorems will be relatively
easy to compute.
○ If the loading consists of a series of concentrated forces and
distributed loads, it may be simpler to compute the required M/EI
areas and their moments by drawing the M/EI diagram in parts, using
the method of superposition as discussed in Sec. 4–5. In any case, the
M/EI diagram will consist of parabolic or perhaps higher-order
curves, and it is suggested that the table on the inside back cover be
used to locate the area and centroid under each curve.
○ SO REMEMBER YOUR SPANDREL FORMULA FOR
CENTROID AND AREA, PARABOLIC AREA AND CENTROIN.
○ SPANDREL FORMULA:
○ AREA =(1/(n+1))bh
○ centroid = (1/(n+2))b
○ PARABOLIC CURVE
■ AREA = 2/3bh
■ centroid x = 3/5b
■ centroid h = 2/5h
✘ STEP 3
○ Draw an exaggerated view of the beam’s elastic curve. Recall that
points of zero slope occur at fixed supports and zero displacement
occurs at all fixed, pin, and roller supports.
■ when the beam is subjected to a positive moment the beam bends
concave up,
■ whereas negative moment bends the beam concave down.
■ Furthermore, an inflection point or change in curvature
occurswhere the moment in the beam (or M/EI) is zero.
○ STEP 4 SOLVE UNKNOWNS BY APPLYING MOMENT-AREA
THEOREM
■ Apply Theorem 1 to determine the angle between two tangents,
and Theorem 2 to determine vertical deviations between these
tangents.
■ Realize that Theorem 2 in general will not yield the displacement
of a point on the elastic curve. When applied properly, it will
only give the vertical distance or deviation of a tangent at point A
on the elastic curve from the tangent at B.
○ STEP 4 SOLVE UNKNOWNS BY APPLYING MOMENT-AREA
THEOREM
After applying either Theorem 1 or Theorem 2, the algebraic sign of
the answer can be verified from the angle or deviation as indicated
on the elastic curve.
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
MOMENT BY PARTS
EXAMPLE 3
EXAMPLE NO. 4
• Determine the displacement of point B of the beam
shown.
Consider E = 200GPa, I = 500(106 )mm4
Figure:
ACTIVITY
• Determine the SLOPE AT POINT C OF THE GIVEN
BEAM.
E = 29(10³)ksi, I=600in4
THANK
YOU!!!!

Lesson 8.2 - Deflection (Area Moment)

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Lesson 8.2 - Deflection (Area Moment)

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moment area theorem

✘ d on either side of the element dx = the lighter shade area

✘ Since slope of elastic curve & its deflection are assumed to

x  distance from the vertical axis through

✘ Provided the moment of a +ve M/EI area from A to B is

✘ It is important to realise that the moment-area theorems can

✘ Sign Conventions The following rules of sign, illustrated in Fig. 6.7,

✘ STEP 1- SOLVE FOR THE REACTIONS AT THE SUPPORT

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