UNDERSTANDING THE SELF

LESSON 2: SETTING GOALS

FOR SUCCESS
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

IMPORTANCE OF GOALS

• According to Coon (2001), a goal is a target or

objective of a motivated and directed chain of
behaviors.
• It comes in all forms and sizes; some can be reached
quite easy while others entail more effort, careful
planning, and a longer time to achieve.
• It varies and depends on the values and priorities of
an individual.
• It is important for behaviour to make sense otherwise
behavior would just be random for it is without
purpose. FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

ANATOMY OF A GOAL - ORIENTED BEHAVIOR

NEED DRIVE GOAL

 Need – a lack or a deficit

 Drive – tension that builds up and directs the
individual towards the goal
 “THE NEED AND THE DRIVE MOTIVATE THE
INDIVIDUAL TOWARDS THE GOAL.”
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

WHY SETTING GOALS IS IMPORTANT?

• Setting goals direct the individual’s behavior.

When students go to school, they

SHOULD HAVE A CLEAR IDEA OF
THEIR GOAL, which is supposedly is
LEARNING. When students attend school
for any other reason, most of them usually
end up failing the course or dropping-out
entirely.

FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

WHY SETTING GOALS IS IMPORTANT?

• Goals, once set, can determine the individual’s

progress towards accomplishing it.
When a student aims for a grade of not lower than 90%
average to qualify for scholarship, his SCORES IN THE QUIZZES,
EXAMS, AND PROJECTS WILL INFORM HIM IF HE IS ON TRACK.

FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

WHY SETTING GOALS IS IMPORTANT?

• Goals serve as guides to discipline behavior

Losing weight means no

BUFFETS, no EXTRA RICE,
and no SODA and
commitment to REGULAR
EXERCISE and HEALTHY
DIET.

FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

WHY SETTING GOALS IS IMPORTANT?

• Goals keep the individual busy so no time is wasted.

Losing weight means the

individual spends time doing
regular exercises and planning
His diet and activities. THERE
IS NO MAGICAL WAY TO
LOSE WEIGHT OVERNIGHT
NATURALLY.

FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

WHY SETTING GOALS IS IMPORTANT?

• Goals motivate the individual because it provides a

purpose/reason for his behavior.

What may be
the reasons for
losing weight or
having a
scholarship?

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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

SELF-EFFICACY

• A concept in Albert Bandura’s social-cognitive aspect of

behavior
• It refers to the person’s beliefs about his capacity to
exercise some measure of control over his behavior and
over events that take place around him.
• It forms the basis of human agency.

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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

SELF-EFFICACY

• The level of self-efficacy in a person is not constant. It

depends on the following factors:
 Specific competencies required for an activity
 Presence or absence of other people and their competencies
 Physiological and psychological condition of the individual (health,
fatigue, mindset)

• Self-efficacy is a concept that is neither biological nor

hereditary. Rather, it is an attribute that can be learned
and enhanced through the following:

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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

SELF-EFFICACY

• MASTERY OF LEARNING AND SKILLS

Practice is necessary for the individual to have mastery. Pitfalls may
happen along the way, but for each one that the person overcomes, he
becomes better at his craft.

FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

SELF-EFFICACY

• A GOOD SOCIAL MODEL

Learning through observation
is best achieved when the
model is credible and
trustworthy.

Models inspire
the person to do well and be the best
that he can be.

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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

SELF-EFFICACY

• A PERSUASIVE ENVIRONMENT

A social environment that is supportive

elevates the morale of the individual and
encourages him to perform at his best
every time thereby achieving goals.

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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

SELF-EFFICACY

• PHYSICAL FITNESS
Competence for a physical skill initially
requires that the person is in good health.

Any sign of fatigue or any physical

weakness, disease or disability limits
the activities/areas to be competent
in.

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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

SELF-EFFICACY: PHYSICAL FITNESS

“TRIUMPH OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT”

In many cases, people are admired more if they manage to

reach their goals DESPITE their limited physical abilities.

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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

SELF-EFFICACY: PHYSICAL FITNESS

Martin Heidegger
(1889 – 1976)
“Anyone can achieve their fullest
potential, who we are might be
predetermined, but the path we
follow is always of our own
choosing. We should never allow
our fears or the expectations of
others to set the frontiers of our
destiny. Your destiny can’t be
changed but, it can be challenged.
Every man is born as many men
and dies as single one.”

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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

SELF-EFFICACY

• EMOTIONAL MATURITY
Emotional stability helps the
person endure and persevere
until the desired goal is reached.
It gives him the hope and strength
to try and try again.

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 SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

SELF-EFFICACY

• When a person sets goals and focuses his efforts to achieve

them, he has to be realistic lest his dream of even achieving
them is wasted.
• The goals he aims for depends on his level of self-efficacy and
the other important factor that he has to undertake to achieve
them.
• Over confidence in one’s abilities and discounting all other
factors can have NEGATIVE RESULTS.
• Self-efficacy is important but being prepared for any
eventualities defines what it takes to be a winner.

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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

MINDSET

Carol Dweck – a Stanford psychologist

who wrote the book, Mindset: The

New Psychology of Success (2006)

• The book speaks about the power of beliefs and how it influences
people’s lives.
• It also tackles about how changing these beliefs alters every
aspect of an individual’s existence.
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

MINDSET

• In her research, Dweck discussed

that a person may be classified as
belonging to one of two types of
mindsets which is a manifestation
of his beliefs: FIXED MINDSET and
GROWTH MINDSET.

FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

MINDSET

• FIXED MINDSET

A person with fixed mindset

believes that their character,
intelligence, and creativity are
innate/inborn and cannot be
changed or altered.

FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

MINDSET: FIXED MINDSET

In this mindset, success means

affirmation of these so-called inherited
traits.

OR

Man’s qualities, whether

positive or negative, are permanent.
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

MINDSET

• GROWTH MINDSET

A person with this mindset

does not bank on given
qualities for them to be
successful but instead he or
she wanted to be challenged.

FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

MINDSET: GROWTH MINDSET

The growth mindset

believes that the person’s
basic qualities can be
learned or cultivated through
hard work/effort of the person.

People with the mindset are realistic. They know that they
have potentials, they only have to discover and tap it,
whatever it may be.

FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

MINDSET: GROWTH MINDSET

Growth mindset creates in the individual a great passion to

learn, to know and to continue learning.

They are aware that they will encounter failures but they
see each failure as avenues for learning thus will bring
them closer to success
FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

MINDSET
CATEGORY FIXED MINDSET GROWTH MINDSET
Focuses on establishing Focuses on LEARNING
SUPERIORITY and something new and works
Success behavior is aimed at hard to become the best to
proving that they are smart be successful
and talented
Does not tolerate failures Takes failures as
and consider them as CHALLENGES for growth
SETBACKS and learning.
Failure May resort to Considers failures as
DISHONESTY to save OPPORTUNITIES to tap
face about their real their potentials.
capabilities

FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

MINDSET

CATEGORY FIXED MINDSET GROWTH MINDSET

NO NEED for effort Sees effort as PART OF

Effort because qualities are THE LEARNING
inherent and need not be process to make them
developed smart and talented
Perhaps a partner who
Ideal mate is somebody RECOGNIZES their
Love who makes them FEEL FAULTS, HELPS them
that they are PERFECT IMPROVE, and
ENCOURAGES them to
LEARN AND GROW

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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

GOAL SETTING THEORY

Professor Edwin Locke Professor Gary Latham

The
process
and the
means
by which
the goal
is
realized

FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

GOAL SETTING THEORY

- PECIFIC

- EASUREABLE

- TTAINABLE
- ELEVANT
- IME-BASED
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

GOAL SETTING THEORY

According to Professors Locke and Latham, there are other

things that should be considered for people to actualize
their goals. The following are the principles that can
increase the person’s chances of reaching his goals:

CLARITY
CHALLENGE
COMMITMENT
FEEDBACK
TASK COMPLEXITY

FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

GOAL SETTING PRINCIPLES

• CLARITY
If the person knows what it is that he is trying to accomplish,
then he can set his mind on his target and start working.

Good technique: Put your goal on

paper, including the possible ways
on how he would be able to monitor
his progress. It can serve as a
tangible contract between him and
his goal.

FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

GOAL SETTING PRINCIPLES

• CHALLENGE
Goals should challenge the person’s
ability to make him exert more effort in
learning something new and growing
along the way. A challenging goal,
however, should be attainable NOT
impossible.

In setting goals, the person should make sure that the level of challenge is
enough to sustain interest to make the person persist in finishing the
challenging task.

FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

GOAL SETTING PRINCIPLES

• COMMITMENT

It means owning the goal and

making it one’s responsibility
to make sure that behaviors
are undertaken to achieve it.

FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

GOAL SETTING PRINCIPLES

• FEEDBACK
Although the goal belongs to the
person who sets it, it is not wrong to
ask people about what they think just
to have the gauge of his progress
from another person’s perspective.

Suggestions should be welcomed and wisdom from

the experts should be given due consideration.

FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

GOAL SETTING PRINCIPLES

• TASK COMPLEXITY
An important thing to be considered
when setting challenging goals is
the level of complexity. When the
goal is a bit complicated, it is
always wise to learn a little more
about it. Doing this increases the
level of confidence to accomplish
the goal as the person becomes
more competent.
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

GOAL SETTING PRINCIPLES: TASK COMPLEXITY

It is also more practical to breakdown complex goals into

manageable components or sub-goals and deal with the
components one at a time.

It is also important for the

person to set his sight on
accomplishing goals one
at a time and not to have
too many goals on his plate.

FIRST UP
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SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

GOAL SETTING PRINCIPLES: TASK COMPLEXITY

Though a person can have more than one goal, he should

learn to prioritize so as NOT TO SACRIFICE THE VALUABLE
THINGS in his life like his FAMILY and FRIENDS.

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UNDERSTANDING THE SELF: SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS

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