Government Programs and

Initiative on Local, National

and Global In Addressing
Social Inequalities
 What is
Social Inequality?
Social Inequality

• It is the unequal access to the benefits and rights

for a diverse social positions or statuses within
a group or society

Example: Access to Education, Healthcare,

Occupation, and etc.
Social inequality results from a society organized by
hierarchies of class, race, and gender that unequally
distributes access to resources and rights. It can
manifest in a variety of ways, like income and wealth
inequality, unequal access to education and cultural
resources, and differential treatment by the police and
judicial system, among others. Social inequality goes
hand in hand with social stratification.
Terms that is related to Social Inequality
Economic Inequality
Unequal distribution of income (earnings) or wealth
(net worth or savings) in a society.

Example: Low wages

Gender Inequality
Sex and gender based prejudice and discrimination or
sexual division of labor. The emphasis on gender
inequality is born out of the deepening division in the roles
assigned to men and women, particularly in the economic,
political and educational spheres.

Example: LGBTQIA+
Racial and Ethnic Inequality

It is the consequence of hierarchical social

distinctions between racial and ethnic categories
within a society and are often recognized based on
characteristics such as skin color and other physical
characteristics or an individual’s place of origin or
culture.

Example: White and Black American, ASIAN, and

etc.
 Effects of Social Inequality to the Society

Prejudice
• Is the negative attitude towards the members of a particular group.

Stereotyping
• Refers to our propensity to picture all members of a particular category as
having the same qualities. It is our propensity to picture all members of a
particular category as having the same qualities.
Ethnocentrism
• It is the belief that our own race or group is the best.

Scapegoating
• Is a situation when people encounter problems that they do not know how to solve.
 Racism
• It is the thinking that one’s own race superior has the right to control
or direct others.

Ethnic minorities
• People who dwell in a society that does not share their cultural
heritage. And they are also the people whose cultural background
differs from that of the dominant members of a society.

Discrimination
• An act of depriving minorities of equal treatment and are kept in a
lower status by the dominant members of the society and the
resistance of equality.
Government Programs and Initiative
In Addressing Social Inequalities

I. Local

II.National

III.Global
 Human Rights
- It is a rights inherent to all
human beings, regardless of race,
sex, nationality, ethnicity,
language, religion, or any other
status. Human rights include the
right to life and liberty, freedom
from slavery and torture, freedom
of opinion and expression, the
right to work and education, and
many more. Everyone is entitled
to these rights, without
discrimination.

There are policies crafted by the legislators to address this social

inequality.
I. Local Proclamations

Disability Laws

The Autism Society of the Philippines

works untiringly for the protection of the
rights and the enhancement of the
benefits available to persons with autism
and their families.
Republic Acts

Anti- Bullying Act

-Republic Act Number 10627 dated 05, June 2013. Bullying shall refer to any
severe or repeated use by one or more students of a written, verbal or electronic
expression, or a physical act or gesture, or any combination thereof, directed
at another student that has the effect of actually causing or replacing the later in
reasonable fear of physical or emotional harm or damage to his property ;
creating a hostile environment at school for the other student ; infringing on
the rights of other student at school; or materially and substantially disrupting
the education process or the orderly operation of a school.

Equal Opportunity Employment

-Republic Act No. 10524 dated 23, July 1012. At least one per cent (1%) of all
positions in all government agencies, offices or corporations shall be reserved
for persons with disability: provided that, private corporations with more than One
Hundred (100) employees are encouraged to reserve at least one percent (1%) of
all positions for persons with disability.
Accessible Polling Places exclusively for persons with disabilities
and Senior Citizens
-Republic Act No. 10336. Dated 23 July 2012. The state shall ensure that
persons with disabilities and senior citizens are able to exercise their right
political participation without discrimination or restrictions. Towards this end,
the state shall design systems and procedures that will enable persons with
disabilities and senior citizens to register and vote by them.

Implementations of Programs and Services for Persons with

Disabilities in Every Province, City and Municipality
-Republic Act Number 10070, dated 27 July 2009. PDAO shall be created in
every province, city and municipality. The local chief executive shall appoint
a PWD affairs officer who shall manage and oversee the operations of the
office, pursuant to its mandate under this act.
Magna Carta for Persons with Disabilities
-Republic Act Number 7277, dated 24 March 1992. This law provides for the
rehabilitation, self-development and self-reliance of disabled persons and their
integration into the mainstream of society and for other purposes.

• Department of Tourism Memorandum Circular No. 2011-04, dated 11

February 2011. This clarifies condition around twenty percent (20%)
discounts entitlements to persons with disabilities.

• Department of Interior and Local Government Memorandum circular No.

2009-29, dated 09 September 2009. This clarifies the procedure on the issuance
of IDs and booklets for PWDs.

• Joint Department of Trade and Industry and Department of Agriculture

Administrative Order 02, dated 27 July 2009. This clarifies rules and
regulations on the grant of special discounts to persons with disability on the
purchase of basic necessities and prime commodities.
 II. National
Proclamations
II. National Proclamations

UN international Day of Persons with Disabilities

-Presidential proclamation No. 1157, dated 16 October 2006. The
proclamation designated December 3 as the International Day of
persons with Disabilities in the Philippines, in keeping with United
Nations declaration.

National Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation Week

-Presidential proclamation No. 361, dated August 2000. The

proclamation ordered the assignment of the third week of July as
the National Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation Week, culminating
on the birthdate of the sublime paralytic, Apolinario Mabini on July 23.
National Autism Consciousness Week

-Presidential proclamation No. 711, dated January 1996. The proclamation

ordered the assignment of the third week of January as National Autism
Consciousness Week, enjoining the Department of Health, Department of
Education Culture and Sports, the Department of social Welfare and
Development, and the Department of Interior and Local Government to
serve as the national focal point for the commemoration of this event.

National commission on Disability Affairs

-Presidential Decree No. 1509, dated 11 June 1978. The national

government recognizes responsibility to provide the handicapped with the
fullest measure of protection and assistance to help develop their abilities in all
fields of endeavor and to promote their integration into the mainstream of
society, as well as its primary duty for the prevention of physical and
mental disabilities.
Administrative and Executive Orders

-Community based Rehabilitation for persons with disabilities. Executive

Order No. 437, dated 21 June 2005. The proclamation enjoins local
government units to adopt the Community-Based Rehabilitation Program
in delivering services to their constituents with disabilities and to allocate
funds to support the program.

Economic Independence for Persons with Disabilities

-Executive Order No. 417, dated 27 March 2005. The General

Appropriation Act explicitly provides funding mechanisms for programs and
projects of PWD and their organizations from at least one percent (1%) of the
total yearly budget of all National Government Agencies and
instrumentalities including Government Financial Institutions and
government owned and controlled corporations.
Poverty and Inequality Reducing Programs

1. 4Ps Conditional Cash Transfer to reduce inequalities in opportunities in education and

reduce intergenerational poverty.
2. Community Based Monitoring System (CBMS) as a to reduce poverty and inequality
at the local level. The Philippines’ Conditional Cash Transfer Program: Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)

Program Description
• To promote investment in human capital that ensures children belonging to poor
households, aged 0-18, grow up healthy and stay in school.

• Utilizes the conditional cash transfer scheme wherein beneficiaries receive cash grants
based on their compliance to their co-responsibilities.

Other Policies
• DepEd Child Protection Policy dated 14 May 2012. The document outlines the
Philippine Department of Education’s Policies and Guidelines on protecting children in
school from violence , exploitation, discrimination, bullying, neglect, abuse cruelty and
other conditions prejudicial to their development.