Mathematics 9

Quarter 4
Week 1 & 2 MELCs:
Illustrate the Six
Trigonometric Ratios &
Trigonometric Ratios of
Special angles
 Content Standards:
The Learner demonstrates understanding
of the basic concepts of trigonometry.

Performance Standards:
The learner is able to apply the concepts of
trigonometric ratios to formulate and solve real-
life problems with precision and accuracy.
MELCs:
> illustrates the six trigonometric ratios:
sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant
and cotangent. (M9GE-IVa-1)

> Finds the trigonometric ratios of special

angles
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
YOU
EXP ARE
E
1. Illustrate the six trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine,
TO … CTED
tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant; and
2. Identify parts of a right triangle.
3. To find the trigonometric ratios of special angles.
4. Determine the exact value of the given
trigonometric expressions
 REVIEW:
Direction: Using Pythagorean Theorem, find the measurement
of the unknown side in each right triangle.

= +
1.
2. 3.

b=3 a = 12 c = 30
 The Six Trigonometric Ratios
Pythagoras Theorem and Trigonometry were key mathematical methods that
FYI : were used to help build the Pyramids

Pythagoras looked at the Sides Relationship, and people like Hipparcus looked
at the relationship between Angles and Sides.

They named the Angles and Sides mathematics “TRIGONOMETRY”

In this lesson we look at the “Trigonometric Ratios” associated with Right

Angled Triangle.
This lesson assumes that people already know how to label the
Trigonometry sides of a right Triangle as Hypotenuse, Opposites, and
Adjacent.
Consider the right triangle ΔABC, with ∠A as its right
angle, and with sides 𝐴𝐵̅̅̅̅, 𝐴𝐶̅̅̅̅, and 𝐵𝐶̅̅̅̅, as shown in the
figure below.
Let’s say, ∠C is an acute angle (the
marked angle), represented by θ (theta).

Then, we can say that side 𝐴𝐵̅̅̅̅ is the

opposite side to θ, side 𝐴𝐶̅̅̅̅ as its
adjacent side, and side 𝐵𝐶̅̅̅̅ as its
hypotenuse.
In any right triangle, we can define six trigonometric ratios. These ratios are
the ratios of the sides of a right triangle. These are as follows:
Example # 1
Given the right triangle , with as its right
angle, find the values of six trigonometric
ratios of the acute angle D and F.

Solution : The hypotenuse of is and has length of 17. For the acute
angle D, is the opposite side and is the adjacent side.
For the acute angle F, is the
opposite side and is the adjacent
side.
Example # 2
Referring to the figure at the right, find the
following:
a. tan S b. csc T c. cos S d, cot T

Solution :
 It’s Your Turn!
ACTIVITY 1: Practice Your Skills.

Direction: Given the figure below, find the values of

the indicated trigonometric ratios.
4
3
3
5
5
3
4
5
5
4
Trigonometric Ratios
of Special Angles
In this lesson, we will learn the
trigonometric functions of the
special angles 30˚, 45˚, and 60˚
and how to use them to find
exact values of trigonometric
expressions without a
calculator.
The following special angles chart show how to
derive the trig ratios of 30˚,45˚, and 60˚ from the
30˚-60˚-90˚ and 45˚-45˚-90˚
The table below shows the corresponding values for trigonometric ratios
from each special angles including 0° and 90°
To solve for the values of expressions involving trigonometric ratios of
special angles, we should remember the values of trigonometric ratios of
special angles 30˚,45˚, and 60˚ angles. Let us consider the given table.
How to use the trigonometric ratios of special angles to find Exact
values of expression?

Determine the exact values of each of the following:

Example

1. sin 30˚ + cos 45˚ = +

=
2. csc 30˚ - cot 45˚ = 2 – 1

=1
3. 3 cos 30˚ sec 30˚ = 3 ( * )

= 3( )

= 3( )

= 3 ( ) = 3 (1 )

=3
 It’s Your Turn!!!:
Activity # 1 Let’s Practice
Direction : Match Column A with column B