Perlindungan Kilat 2012 - Rev00 (Ir. Hamzah)

LOGO
SISTEM
PERLINDUNGAN
KILAT
CAW. KEJ. ELEKTRIK, IP JKR MALAYSIA

Damage Due to Lightning
 Damage to a structure
 Damage to a service
(telecommunication, data and power)
2
CAWANGAN KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK, IBU PEJABAT JKR MALAYSIA
Type of Damage
 Injury of living beings due to step and
touch voltages
 Physical damage (fire, explosion, etc.)
 Failure of internal systems due to
Lightning Electromagnetic Impulse
(LEMP)
3
Type of Loss
 Loss of human life
 Loss of service to the public
 Loss of cultural heritage
 Loss of economic value
4
Design and Installation Standard
 MS IEC 62305-1: General principles
 MS IEC 62305-2: Risk management
 MS IEC 62305-3: Physical damage to

structures and life hazard
 MS IEC 62305-4: Electrical and

electronic systems within structures
5
Basic Design Criteria
 To enclose the structure within an
earthed and perfectly conducting
metallic shield (box)
 Prevent the penetration of the

lightning current and the induced
electromagnetic field into the
structure
6
Lightning Protection Level (LPL)
 Also known as Class of LPS
 LPL I
─ 3 kA to 200 kA with a probability that:
99% of strikes will be lower than 200 kA
99% of strikes will be higher than 3 kA
 LPL II
7
Lightning Protection Level (LPL)
 LPL III
 LPL IV
8
LPS Design Considerations
 Air termination system
 Down conductor system
 Earth termination system
9
Air Termination System
 To capture the lightning discharge
current and dissipate to earth via the
down conductor and earth
termination
 Design of the air termination
─ Air terminals (or finials)
10
─ Catenary (or suspended) conductors
─ Meshed conductor network
11
─ Natural components
Class of LPS Material Thickness
(mm)
Lead -
Stainless Steel ≥4
Galvanized Steel ≥4
I to IV Titanium ≥4
Copper ≥5
Aluminium ≥7
Zinc -
12
 3 basic methods recommended for
determining the POSITION of the air
termination systems:
─ Protective angle method
─ Rolling sphere method
─ Mesh method
13
Protective Angle Method
 The protective angle afforded by an
air terminal is clearly a three
dimensional concept
A – tip of air terminal
B – reference plane
OC – radius of protected area
h1 – height of an air terminal above the
reference plane of the area to be protected
α – protective angle according to Table 1
14
 Protective angle according to Table 1
is a change to the simple 450 zone of
protection in BS 6651
15
View from A
16
Down Conductor System
 An equal spacing of the down
conductors is preferred around the
perimeter
 Typical values of the distance
between down-conductors
Class of LPS Typical Distances (m)
I 10
II 10
III 15
IV 20
17
Down Conductor System
 There should always be a min. of 2
down conductors distributed around
the perimeter of the structure
 Down conductors should wherever

possible be installed at exposed
corner of the structure
18
Structural Steelwork
 The electrical continuity of the
reinforcing bars shall be determined
by electrical testing between the
uppermost part and ground level
 The overall electrical resistance
should not be greater than 0.2 Ω
 If this value is not achieved, or it is
not practical to conduct such testing,
the reinforcing steel shall not be used
as a natural down-conductor
19
Earth Termination System
 For the dispersion of the lightning
current safely and effectively into the
ground
 A low earthing resistance is required
(with an overall earth termination
system of ≤ 10 Ω)
 3 basic earth electrode arrangements
are used:
─ Type A arrangement
─ Type B arrangement
─ Foundation earth electrodes
20
Type A Arrangement
 Consist of vertical earth electrodes,
connected to each down conductor
fixed on the outside of the structure
 If the 10 Ω overall value cannot be

achieved, it will be necessary to use a
Type B ring earth electrode
21
Type B Arrangement
 Comprise a ring conductor external to
the structure
 Type B arrangement should

preferably be buried at a distance of
about 1 m around the external walls
22
Foundation Earth Electrodes
 This is essentially a type B earthing
arrangement
 Interconnected reinforcing steel in

concrete foundations
23
References
 Protection Against Lightning, MS IEC
62305 series, 2007
 “A Guide to BS EN 62305:2006,
Protection Against Lightning”, U.K:
Thomas & Betts
 “Lightning Protection Guide”, 2nd

Updated Edition, Germany: Dehn and
Sohne, 2007
24
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LOGO

CAW. KEJ. ELEKTRIK, IP JKR MALAYSIA

 Loss of service to the public

 Loss of cultural heritage

 Loss of economic value

 MS IEC 62305-2: Risk management

 MS IEC 62305-3: Physical damage to

 MS IEC 62305-4: Electrical and

 Prevent the penetration of the

 Down conductor system

 Earth termination system

─ Meshed conductor network

 Down conductors should wherever

 If the 10 Ω overall value cannot be

 Type B arrangement should

 Interconnected reinforcing steel in

 “Lightning Protection Guide”, 2nd

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