Hydrogen Bond

Hydrogen bond is an intermolecular bond that

occurs in solid and liquid phases.
Hydrogen bonding is a special case of dipole-
dipole interactions and is a stronger bond than
dipole-dipole interactions.
In order for a hydrogen bond to form, there must
be one of the F, O, and N atoms in a molecule that
has a high electronegativity and an unshared
electron pair bonded to the H atom.
 H bond


Water is a polar molecule. Since the
electronegativity of the oxygen atom is high, the
electrons of the hydrogen atoms spend more
time around the oxygen atom. Therefore, the
oxygen side is partially negative (δ-).

Hydrogen atoms that behave as if they were
deprived(mahrum,yoksun) of electrons are
partially positive (δ+). When more than one
water molecule comes together, the positively
charged hydrogen and oxygen atoms of the
neighboring water molecule form a bridge.
 Hydrogen Bond
The interaction formed by the intermolecular
electrostatic attraction between the positively
charged hydrogen of one molecule and the
negatively charged atom of the other molecule is
called hydrogen bonding. (such as NH3, H2O, HF,
CH3OH).
 Hydrogen bond
Hydrogen bonds can form between the same
molecules or different molecules.
I. H2O - NH3
II. CCl4 - CO2
III. HF - CH3OH
IV. NaCl - H2O
In which of the compound pairs mentioned above
are hydrogen bonds seen?
(1H, 6C, 7N, 8O, 9F, 11Na, 17Cl)
A) only I
B) I and III
D) I, III,IV
C) I, II, III
E) II, III, IV
Which of the following options does not include
the type of interaction given?
A) HCl – HCl Hydrogen bond
B) Ar – Ar London interaction
C) C2H5OH - H2O hydrogen bond
D) KCl - H2O Ion dipole interaction
E) H2S - H2S Dipole dipole interaction
 Boiling Point Changes in Compounds
Boiling point changes in compounds depend on
the strength of interspecies interactions.
Boiling points of compounds containing hydrogen
bonds are higher than substances with van der
Waals interactions.
Accordingly, the boiling point change of the
compounds under the same conditions:
Ionic compound > hydrogen bonded molecule >
molecule with dipole-dipole interaction > atom or
molecule with London forces
Boiling Point changes in compounds

Compound Boiling Point



CaO 3850

H2O 100

HCl 110

CH 4 -164
 How are the boiling points of NaCl, HCl, H2O,
CH4 and H2 ordered from largest to smallest?
 Boiling Point Changes in Compounds
Considering the bond energies; The boiling point of HF is
expected to be higher than the boiling point of H 2O.
On the contrary, the boiling point of H 2O is greater than
that of HF.
This is because the distribution of the HF molecule in the
liquid phase is in the form of a zigzag chain.
The reason why the boiling point of the H 2O molecule is
high is that 1 water molecule forms 4 hydrogen bonds.
List the boiling points of the following substances
from highest to smallest. (1H, 6C, 7N, 12Mg, 16S,
17Cl, 8O)
MgO, SO2 , HCl, NH3 , C2H5OH
 The Importance of Hydrogen Bonding for Living Things
Water is the most well-known compound in which hydrogen bonding
occurs.
A water molecule is connected to four neighboring water molecules by
forming a regular tetrahedral structure with the help of hydrogen bonds.
There is no three-dimensional structure in other hydrogen-bonded
compounds. Therefore, the density of ice is less than water.
Oceans, lakes and rivers begin to freeze from the surface in very cold
weather.Thus, life continues under the ice.
 The Importance of Hydrogen Bonding for Living Things
Hydrogen bonds; It is found in complex and large molecules such
as cellulose, protein and DNA.
These complex structures contain both intramolecular and
intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
DNA molecules are double stranded. Hydrogen bonds hold the two
DNA strands together, forming a helical structure.
This situation is very important for living life. DNA molecules can
self-replicate. During this pairing, hydrogen bonds can be easily
broken and new hydrogen bonds can be easily established.
 The Importance of Hydrogen Bonding for Living Things
Hydrogen bonds may also play a role in transporting
water upwards in trees.
Thin water channels (in the woody tissue) extend from
the root to the leaves at the top of the tree.
In these channels, water molecules are connected to
each other with hydrogen bonds, and each water
molecule is like a link in the cohesion chain.