INTRODUCTION TO

ANATOMY
Dr Zeb
EMERGENCY
INSTITUTE OF TRAUMA
 INTRODUCTION
• Anatomy is the identification and description of the structures of living things. It is a
branch of biology and medicine.
• The study of anatomy dates back more than 2,000 years, to the Ancient Greeks.
There are three broad areas:

1) Human anatomy
2) Animal anatomy — zootomy
3) Plant anatomy — phytotomy
• Human anatomy is the study of the structures of the human body. An
understanding of anatomy is key to the practice of medicine and other
areas of health.
• The word “anatomy” comes from the Greek words “ana,” meaning “up,”
and “tome,” meaning “a cutting.” Traditionally, studies of anatomy have
involved cutting up, or dissecting, organisms.
• Now, however, imaging technology can show us much about how the
inside of a body works, reducing the need for dissection.
SYSTEMS & It’s IMPORTANT

 A group of organs that work together to perform one more

function in the Body.
 MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
• Mechanical support, posture and locomotion.
• Your musculoskeletal system includes bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments and soft tissues.
• They work together to support your body’s weight and help you move. Injuries, disease and
aging can cause pain, stiffness and other problems with movement and function.
 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
(CIRCULATORY SYSTEM)
• Transportation of oxygen, nutrients and hormones throughout the body and elimination of cellular
metabolic waste
• The cardiovascular system delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other important substances to
cells and organs in the body.
• It plays an important role in helping the body meet the demands of activity, exercise, and stress. It
also helps maintain body temperature, among other things.
• The heart's main job is to pump oxygen-rich blood to the body after it pumps oxygen-poor blood to
the lungs. It normally does this 60 to 100 times a minute, 24 hours a day.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
(CIRCULATORY SYSTEM)
 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Exchange of oxygen and carbon-dioxide
between the body and air, acid-base balance
regulation, phonation.
• Our respiratory system is the network of
organs and tissues that help you breathe. This
system helps your body absorb oxygen from
the air so your organs can work. It also cleans
waste gases, such as carbon dioxide, from
your blood. Common problems include
allergies, diseases or infections.
 NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Initiation and regulation of vital body functions, sensation and body movements.
• Our nervous system uses specialized cells called neurons to send signals, or messages, all over
your body. These electrical signals travel between your brain, skin, organs, glands and muscles.
• The messages help you move your limbs and feel sensations, such as pain. Your eyes, ears, tongue,
nose and the nerves all over your body take in information about your environment. Then nerves
carry that data to and from your brain.
• Different kinds of neurons send different signals. Motor neurons tell your muscles to move.
Sensory neurons take information from your senses and send signals to your brain.
• Other types of neurons control the things your body does automatically, like breathing, shivering,
having a regular heartbeat and digesting food.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• Mechanical and chemical degradation of
food with purpose of absorbing into the
body and using as energy.
• The digestive system breaks down
food into nutrients such as
carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
They can then be absorbed into the
bloodstream so the body can use
them for energy, growth and repair.
Unused materials are discarded as
faeces (poo).
 URINARY SYSTEM
• Filtration of blood and eliminating
unnecessary compounds and waste by
producing and excreting urine.
• The urinary system's function is to filter
blood and create urine as a waste by-
product. The organs of the urinary system
include the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters,
bladder and urethra.
• The body takes nutrients from food and
converts them to energy.
 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• Production of hormones in order to regulate
a wide variety of bodily functions (e.g.
menstrual cycle, sugar levels, etc.)
• Endocrine glands release hormones into
the bloodstream. This lets the hormones
travel to cells in other parts of the body.
• The endocrine hormones help control
mood, growth and development, the
way our organs work, metabolism ,
and reproduction. The endocrine
system regulates how much of each
hormone is released.
 LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
• Draining of excess tissue fluid, immune
defense of the body.
• Our lymphatic system, part of your
immune system, has many functions.
• They include protecting your body from
illness-causing invaders, maintaining
body fluid levels, absorbing digestive
tract fats and removing cellular waste.
• Blockages, diseases or infections can
affect your lymphatic system's function.
 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Production of reproductive cells and
contribution towards the reproduction
process.
• The human reproductive system includes
the male reproductive system which
functions to produce and deposit sperm
• The female reproductive system which
functions to produce egg cells, and to
protect and nourish the fetus until birth.
• Humans have a high level of sexual
differentiation.
 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
• Physical protection of the body surface,
sensory reception, vitamin synthesis.
• It's made up of your skin, nails, hair and
the glands and nerves on your skin. Your
integumentary system acts as a physical
barrier — protecting your body from
bacteria, infection, injury and sunlight.
• It also helps regulate your body
temperature and allows you to feel skin
sensations like hot and cold.25-Apr-2022
Thank You