Introduction to Water

Treatment

Water treatment is the process of removing contaminants and impurities from

water to make it safe for drinking, industrial use, or environmental discharge. It
is essential for providing clean and reliable water supplies to communities
around the world.

Pa
by Prajwal Sonawane
The Importance of Clean Water

Health Benefits Environmental Impact

Clean water is crucial for maintaining
public health and preventing the spread of Proper water treatment helps protect
waterborne diseases. aquatic ecosystems and preserve natural
water resources.

Economic Advantages
Access to clean water supports industrial and agricultural development, driving economic
growth.
Common Water Contaminants

1 Microbial 2 Chemical 3 Physical

Contaminants Contaminants Contaminants

Bacteria, viruses, and Heavy metals, pesticides, Sediment, turbidity, and

protozoa that can cause and industrial by-products other particles that can
serious illnesses. that are harmful to health. affect water quality and
appearance.
Water Treatment Processes

Pretreatment 1
Screening, aeration, and coagulation to
remove large particles and contaminants.
2 Filtration
Using various media to remove smaller
particles and dissolved impurities.
Disinfection 3
Applying chemical or UV treatment to kill
microorganisms and ensure water safety.
Filtration Techniques
Mechanical Filtration Adsorption Filtration Ion Exchange Filtration

Uses physical barriers like sand, Relies on activated carbon to Exchanges undesirable ions with
gravel, or membranes to remove remove organic compounds and harmless ones to purify the
contaminants. chlorine. water.
Disinfection Methods

Chlorination UV Disinfection Ozonation

Uses chlorine to kill bacteria and Oxidizes contaminants using
viruses. Employs ultraviolet light to highly reactive ozone gas.
inactivate microorganisms.
Emerging Water Treatment Technologies

Membrane Filtration
Highly efficient in removing a wide range of contaminants.

Nanotechnology
Utilizing nanomaterials for enhanced adsorption and catalysis.

Electrochemical Oxidation
Employs electric current to degrade organic pollutants.
Conclusion and Key Takeaways

1 Vital for Public Health 2 Advancing Technologies

Water treatment is essential for Innovative treatment methods are

providing safe, clean water to constantly being developed to improve
communities. efficiency.

3 Sustainable Practices
Proper water management and conservation are crucial for long-term sustainability.