Speech

Situation

social context of interaction

 SPEECH SITUATION
is determined by different situational
factors – the elements of speech

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ELEMENTS OF SPEECH SITUATION
The participants and their social relations
The location and the physical setting of
communication
The purpose of communication
The topic
The mode or channel of linguistic expression:
spoken or written
How to deliver an effective
speech?
One of the most important and fundamental steps
before delivering a speech is that

A SPEAKER SHOULD KNOW THE NEEDS OF THEIR AUDIENCE

know how their audience is going to react

know an audience’s likes, dislikes and interest

 Before delivering a speech, a
speaker should

RESEARCH
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ABOUT HIS/HER
AUDIENCE
RESEARCHING AN AUDIENCE
consider the following:

THE HOST AND GEOGRAPHICA CURRENT

KNOW THE SIZE
THE ACTUAL L AND EVENTS AND
OF THE
AUDIENCE CULTURAL KNOWING THE
AUDIENCE
MEMBERS CONCERNS CONTEXT

AGE OF YOUR AUDIENCE

APPEARANCE
AUDIENCE KNOWLEDGE
SPEECH ROLES
ANCHORS
TOASTMASTERS
MODERATOR
LECTURER

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 ANCHORS
The anchor term then became commonly used in 1952 to
describe the most prominent member of a panel of reporters or
experts.
He is the person who presents news during a news program on
the television, on the radio or on the internet.
SKILLS NEEDED AS AN ANCHOR:
1. Comfort level in front of the camera.
2. Excellent verbal, written, improvisational, and
interviewing skills are imperative.

Add to those qualities persistence and objectivity, physical

stamina, being a team player, projecting a professional
image, and having a knowledge of social media.
 8 Essential Skills For Anchors (& Any
Journalist) Covering Breaking News

ABILITY TO ETHICAL COMMAND OF

KNOWLEDGE
PROCESS NEW COMPASS THE
BASE
INFORMATION LANGUAGE

INTERVIEWING MASTERY OF APPRECIATION ACUTE SENSE

FINESSE MULTITASKING OF ALL ROLES OF TIMING
 KNOWLEDGE BASE
An understanding of issues, names, geography, history and
the ability to put all of these in perspective for viewers. It
comes from the journalist’s commitment to being a student of
the news.
 ABILITY TO PROCESS NEW
INFORMATION
Sorting, organizing, prioritizing and retaining massive
amounts of incoming data.
 ETHICAL COMPASS
Sensitivity to ethical land mines that often litter the
field of live breaking news — unconfirmed
information, graphic video, words that potentially
panic, endanger public safety or security or words that
add pain to already traumatized victims and those who
care about them.
COMMAND OF THE LANGUAGE
Dead-on grammar, syntax, pronunciation, tone and
storytelling — no matter how stressed or tired the
anchor or reporter may be.
 INTERVIEWING FINESSE
An instinct for what people need and want to know, for
what elements are missing from the story, and the
ability to draw information by skillful, informed
questioning and by listening.
 MASTERY OF MULTITASKING
The ability to simultaneously: take in a producer’s instructions via an
earpiece while scanning new information from computer messages,
texts or Twitter; listen to what other reporters on the team are sharing
and interviewees are adding; monitor incoming video — and yes, live-
tweet info to people who have come to expect information in multiple
formats.
 APPRECIATION OF ALL ROLES
An understanding of the tasks and technology that go
into the execution of a broadcast, the ability to roll with
changes and glitches, and anticipate all other
professionals involved.
 ACUTE SENSE OF TIMING
The ability to condense or expand one’s speech on
demand, to sense when a story needs refreshing or
recapping, to know without even looking at a clock how
many words are needed to fill the minute while awaiting a
satellite window, live feed or interviewee.
 TOASTMASTERS
Toastmaster is the general term, prevalent in the United States
in the middle of 20th century, referring to a person in charge of
the proceedings of a public speaking event.

The toastmaster is typically charged with organization of the

event, arranging the order of speakers, introducing one or
more of the speakers, and keeping the event on schedule.
 Main responsibilities of the
Toastmasters:
To give an introduction which sets the tone for the meeting

To explain the structure of a typical meeting for the benefit of guest

and new members

To give short introductions for each of the main speakers and link
between the various meeting segments
What
toastmasters
usually do

The Toastmasters Club Experience - YouTube

 MODERATOR
An event moderator is the master of ceremony of the
event.
He or she is there to make sure the speakers can do the
best job and the audience gets the most out of the day or
session.
 2 Types of Moderator
host for the entire
EVENT MODERATOR
day

PANEL OR SESSION only responsible for a

MODERATORS specific session

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 HOW TO BE A GOOD
EVENT MODERATOR
Get in touch with
Be prepared Research
the speakers

Make the speakers Ask the right

Pay attention
center of attention questions

Be a host
 LECTURER
Lecturers are subject experts who design, develop, and deliver
material using a range of methods and platforms.
They create course material, lesson plans, and curricula,
conduct research and fieldwork, engage with students, assist
with processing applications and also attend interviews,
conferences, and meetings.
 SKILLS
 Ability to work well with a range of people
 Organization skills
 Teamwork
 Expertise in a particular subject area or areas
 Excellent written and verbal communication skills
 Excellent presentation skills
STRATEGIES
 Maintain regular eye contact with the entire class
 Avoid turning away from students when you speak
 Use microphone in large classes
 Speak clearly, but use a conversational tone
 Convey your enthusiasm for the material and the
students
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