PAR Introduction

to GAD

T I: Concepts

Angelica P.
Letada
Trivia
Gender issues and concerns arise
Questions:
from societal expectation and
perception on the roles of women
agree
and men reflected in and
perpetuated by law, policies,
disagree
procedures, systems, programs,
activities and projects of the
government.
Trivia
Gender issues and concerns arise
Questions:
from societal expectation and
perception on the roles of women and
agree
men reflected in and perpetuated by
law, policies, procedures, systems, disagree
programs, activities and projects of the
government.
agree
Trivia
Questions:
These are culturally Community Roles

defined attitudes,
Gender Roles
behaviors and social
positions that are Sex Roles
based on sex.
Trivia
Questions:
These are culturally defined
attitudes, behaviors and social
positions that are based on sex.
Gender Roles
Trivia
It refers to each
Questions:
Sexual Orientation
person’s deeply felt
internal and individual Gender Expression
experience of gender,
which may or may not Gender Identity
correspond with the sex
assigned at birth.
Trivia
It refers to each person’s deeply felt
Questions:
internal and individual experience of
gender, which may or may not
correspond with the sex assigned at
birth.
Gender Identity
Trivia
It refers to each
Questions:
Sexual Orientation
person’s capacity for
profound emotional, Gender Expression
affectional and sexual
attraction to, and Gender Identity
intimate and sexual
relations with.
Trivia
It refers to each person’s capacity
Questions:
for profound emotional, affectional
and sexual attraction to, and
intimate and sexual relations with.
Sexual Orientation
Introduction
The Magna Carta of Women (Republic Act
No. 9710) deifnes Gender and Development
GAD Program as the development perspective
and process that is participatory and
empowering, equitable, sustainable, free from
violence, respectful of human rights, supportive
of self-determination and actualization of
human potentials.
Introduction
development perspective
and process adapted by
the national government in
1980s.
Introduction
it helps promote
participatory process,
empowerment, equity and
sustainable development.
Introduction
the community/ institution
must be free from violence,
respectful of human rights,
supportive of self-
determination and actualization
of human potentials.
GAD
It seeks to achieve gender equality as a
fundamental value that should be reflected
in development choices and contends that
women are active agents of development,
not just passive recipients of development.
(PCW, 2011)
Equality
vs Equity
Equality
is often defined as an equal
distribution of opportunities, such as
everyone being provided with the
same thing to ensure they achieve
their best.
Equity
is often referred to as an equitable
distribution of opportunities, such as
everyone being provided with what
they need to ensure they do their
best.
Gender Sensitivity
the ability to recognize gender
issues and especially the
ability to recognize women’s
different perceptions and
interest arising from their
different social location and
different gender roles.
 Sex and Gender
Sex is…
biological characteristics of being
a female or a male (kasarian)
Physical attributes pertaining to a person’s body contours, features,
hormones, genes, chromosomes and reproductive organs (genitals).
Sex and Gender
Gender is…
set of qualities, differentiated
roles or responsibilities, attitudes
and values assigned by culture
and society to women and men.
 Variables Female Male
Roles (tungkulin)
Characteristic (katangian)
Attitude (saloobin)
Behavior (kilos)
Expectation (inaasahan)
Value (pagpapahalaga)
Reproductive Organs
Sex Roles
 Gender…
Variables Female Male
Roles (tungkulin) gumagawa ng gawaing bahay naghahanap-buhay

Characteristic (katangian) matiyaga, masinop, matapang, responsable……………

Attitude (saloobin) maunawain, masayahin, maingay……………

Behavior (kilos) mahinhin, maarte, mabilis……………

Expectation (inaasahan) maalaga, matalino, masipag……………

Value (pagpapahalaga) pamilya, edukasyon, trabaho……………

 Sex…
Variables Female Male
Reproductive Organs ovary, clitoris, uteru, vagina testes, penis, scrotum…..

Sex Roles breast feeding, child bearing…. ovum fertilization…………

Sex Roles
they are socially coded behaviors
and practices often related to a
person’s reproductive capacities,
such as women with the roles
of motherhood and men with
fatherhood.
Sex Roles of Female
Gestation
Lactation
Child bearing
Sex Roles of Male
Ovum fertilization
Produces spermatozoa
which determine child’s
sex
 Gender Roles
Culturally determined activities
and responsibilities that are
assigned to men and women on
the basis of their perceived
gender differences.
They include the different jobs expected of males or
females by a particular culture.
 Gender
Division of
Labor
Productive Role of Men
Tasks that contribute
economically (income
generating) to the household
and to the community like
agriculture, manufacturing,
livelihood enterprise, services,
wage employment, etc.
Productive Role of Women
Care and maintenance of the
households and its members,
including the bearing and
caring of children, preparation,
shopping, housekeeping and
family health care.
Gender Gap
A condition wherein men and
women in a particular culture and
society have unequal access to
and control of resources and
benefits and thus have an
unequal status or give unequal
value in that culture or society.
Any act of gender-based violence
that results in or is likely to result
in physical, sexual or
psychological harm or suffering to
women, including threats of such
acts, coercion or arbitrary
deprivation of liberty, whether
occurring in public or private life.
Violence Against Women (VAW)

battering
Violence Against Women (VAW)

sexual harassment
Violence Against Women (VAW)

rape
Violence Against Women (VAW)

female genital mutilation

 Gender Equality
It is achieved when women
and men enjoy the same rights
and opportunities across all
sectors of society, including
economic participation and
decision making, and when the
different behaviors, aspirations
and needs of women and men
are equally valued and
favored.
Women’s Empowerment can
be divided into 3 stages:
Political Empowerment
Economic Empowerment

Educational Empowerment
 Legal
Mandates
for GAD
1987 Philippine Constitution – Article II, Sec. 14

provides that the State recognizes

the role of women in nation-building,
and shall ensure the fundamental
equality before the law of women and
men.
Republic Act 7192 – Women in Development
and Nation-Building Act

laid the groundwork for

institutionalizing gender concerns in
national development efforts
adopting the GAD approach in
policies and programs.
 Other National
Laws on Women
Anti-Discrimination Law (RA 6725)

Migrant Workers and Overseas

Filipino Act (RA 8042)
Solo Parent’s Welfare Act of 2000
(RA 8972)
Anti-Sexual Harassment Law (RA
7887)
Poll
Questions:
1. Gender is the biological
characteristics of being a female
or male.
Agree Disagree
Poll
2. Sex is
Questions: sociologically
constructed and can be
changed.
Agree Disagree
Poll
3. Gender sensitivity is the presence
Questions:
of program, projects and processes
that systematically address gender
concerns and issues.
Agree Disagree
Poll
4. Gender and Development is a
Questions:
development perspective and
process adopted by the national
government in1970s.
Agree Disagree
Poll
5. Gender issues are gender linked
Questions:
beliefs, systems and processes,
conditions and situations that block an
individual’s attainment of full potentials
and satisfying life.
Agree Disagree
Correct
Answers:
1. Gender is the biological
characteristics of being a female
or male.
Disagree
Correct
2. Sex
Answers:is sociologically
constructed and can be
changed.
Disagree
Correct
3. Gender sensitivity is the presence
Answers:
of program, projects and processes
that systematically address gender
concerns and issues.
Disagree
Correct
4. Gender and Development is a
Answers:
development perspective and
process adopted by the national
government in1970s.
Disagree
Correct
5. Gender issues are gender linked
Answers:
beliefs, systems and processes,
conditions and situations that block an
individual’s attainment of full potentials
and satisfying life.
Agree