Periodic Table

 The rows on the

periodic chart are
periods.
 Columns are
groups.
 Elements in the
same group have
similar chemical
properties.
Groups

These five groups are known by their names.

Periodic Table
Nonmetals are
on the right
side of the
periodic table
(with the
exception of H).
Periodic Table
Metalloids
border the
stair-step line
(with the
exception of
Al, Po, and
At).
Periodic Table
Metals
are on
the left
side of
the chart.
 Chlorine is a halogen. Locate this
element on the periodic table.
 A) What is its symbol?
 B) In what period and in what
group is the element located?
 C) What is its atomic number?
 D) Is it a metal, nonmetal or
metalloid?
Locate Na and Br on the
periodic table. Give the atomic
number of each, and label each
as a metal, metalloid, or
nonmetal.
Ions

 When atoms lose or gain electrons, they become

ions.
 Cations are positive and are formed by metal elements,
Metals tend to lose electrons.
 Anions are negative and are formed by nonmetal
elements, Gain electrons.
 Thenumber of electrons lose or gained is the Charge
number
Ion Symbols Practice
 Give the chemical symbol for:
 A) Ion with 22 protons, 26 neutrons,
 B) Ion of sulfur that has 16 neutrons
and 18 electrons
 How many protons, neutrons and
electrons does the ion have?
An Ion that Consists of only one atom is
referred to as a Monatomic ion.
Different atoms can also combine and form
Polyatomic ions.

monatomic ions: , , , ,

polyatomic ions: , , ,
Elements that belong to Group 1A (alkali
metals)
of the periodic table can give off one e- only.

- In Group 2A (alkaline Earth metals) can

Lose 2 electrons.
Thus, Alkali metals produce ions with +1
charge and the alkaline earth metals produce
+2 ions.
the ions are named simply as the
name of the metal.
Group 1A:
- Sodium

- magnesium
Common Cations
Transition Metals
the number of the electrons they tend to
lose resulting in a variety of electrical
charges of their Ions.

Ifthe cation can have more than one

possible charge, write the charge as a
Roman numeral in parentheses.
In classical method of naming, the ion
with lower charge ends with -ous while
that with the higher charge ends with-
ic.

In the stock method, write the charge

as a Roman numeral in parentheses after
the element name.
Nonmetals (Anion)
Ifthe anion is monatomic, change its
ending to -ide.

The first few letters (rootword) of the

non-metal element + ide.
Nonmetals
 can also form
polyatomic ions with
- nitrite
oxygen. the anion with - nitrate
lesser oxygen atoms
ends with - ite - sulfite
-sulfate
 the one with more
oxygen atoms ends-
with -ate.
• Examples:
KCl Potassium chloride

MgBr2 Magnesium bromide

CaO Calcium oxide

Now let us put it all together:

Na3N

Cation: sodium
Anion: nitride

Compound: Sodium nitride

BaO
Cation: barium
Anion: oxide

Compound: barium oxide

Name the metal first, then the nonmetal with
ending changed to -ide.
Examples:
NaCl
ZnI2 Sodium Chloride
Zinc Iodide
Al2O3
Aluminum Oxide
KCl
MgBr2 Potassium Chloride
Magnesium Bromide
CaO
Calcium Oxide
Use The Stock method of a metal that forms two
or more ions (note compound is neutral)

Example:
FeCl3 (Fe3+)
Iron (III) chloride
CuCl (Cu+ )
Copper(I) chloride
SnF4 (Sn4+)
Tin(IV) Fluoride
PbCl2 (Pb2+)
Lead (II) chloride
Fe2S3 (Fe3+)
Iron (III) chloride
HALOGENS
Can form four
different poly
atomic ions with 1 O atom: ite
oxygen. each ion is  2 O atoms: ite
named differently  3 O atoms: ate
depending on the
number of oxygen  4 O atoms: ate
atoms present