Unit 4

HAVE YOU CHECKED THE MACHINES?

1 Maintenance checklist
Look at the Bosun’s daily maintenance list. The ratings have not
completed all the tasks. A tick (√) means the ratings have completed the
task. A cross (X) means the ratings have not completed the task.
 Maintenance Check List
Date: 23 December Time: 1750
Clean the windows on the bridge √
Secure the pipes X
Seal the bunker pipeline √
Inspect the water pressure valves √
Scrape the rust off the hatch covers X
Paint the poop deck √
Service the fork-lift X
Grease the winches X
Read the questions. Have the ratings completed all
their duties?
Have they cleaned the windows on the bridge?
Have they secured the pipes?
Have they sealed the bunker pipeline?
Have they inspected the water pressure valves?
Have they scraped the rust off the hatch covers?
Have they painted the poop deck?
Have they serviced the fork-lift?
Have they greased the winches?
 2. He has cleaned the window
Look at these pictures. What have the crew members
done?
The window is dirty He is cleaning the window.

He has cleaned the window.

The railings are rusty. They are painting the railings.

They have painted the

railings. They have painted
the railings.
Present Perfect tense
is used to tell that someone has completed the
activity recently. Often we can still see the result of
the action.
Ex: He has cleaned the window.
They have painted the railings.
 Uses of the Present Perfect
1. When the past affects the present

“I‘ve lost my wallet.”

This means that you have lost your wallet (sometime in the past, but we
don’t know when), but what is really important is that you don’t have
it now, at the time of speaking.
• If instead, you say “I lost my wallet”, people understand that you lost it,
but not that it affects the present. They expect you to tell them about the
time that you lost the wallet.
• the Present Perfect tense is used to show that something has a result or
a connection to now. This means that it’s used to give news.
“The Euro slips!”
(headline)
“The Euro has slipped against the pound again.”
(news report)
“My sister has had a baby.” (announcing news)
2. Experiences
Your experiences make you the person you
are now. We don’t use dates and times to give
information on what makes you this person.
“I‘ve been to New Zealand.” (I know something
about New Zealand.)
We often ask questions about people’s
experiences with ever. For example, “Have
you ever been white-water rafting?”
3. States or activities that started in the
past, which have continued up to now and will
probably continue into the future.
“I have worked here for five years.”
“I have lived here since 1994.”
Use since to give the date that an activity or
state started and use for to give the period of
time the activity or state has lasted.
4. Recent past
“Have you finished yet?”
“I’ve already written the report.” (Here it is.)
In these type of examples, we often
use yet, already still, just and recently.
Note: American English uses the Past Simple
instead of the Present Perfect in these
examples. For instance, “Did you eat yet?”
 Present perfect with time
adverbials
We often use the present perfect with adverbials
which refer to the recent past:
Scientists have recently discovered a new
breed of monkey.
We have just got back from our holidays.
recently just only just
Scientists have recently discovered a new breed of
monkey.
We have just got back from our holidays.
or adverbials which include the present:

so far until now up to now

ever (in questions)
yet (in questions and negatives)
Have you ever seen a ghost?
Where have you been up to now?
A: Have you finished your homework yet?
B: No, so far I've only done my history.
After a clause with the present perfect we often use a
clause with since to show when something started in the past.
◦ I've worked here since I left school.
I've been watching that programme every week since it started.
Exercise #
A. Complete the sentences. Use the verbs in brackets to
make a sentence with the Present Perfect.
1. The engineer ___ the engine. (repair)
2. The cadet _____ the deck. (sweep)
3. The 2nd Officer _____ the charts. (check)
4. The Chief Officer _____ the cargo. (load)
5. The 3rd Assistant Engineer ____ the fire alarms. (test)
6. The Radio Officer ____ to send the telex. (forget)
7. ____ the vessel ____ ? (dock)
8. ____ you ____ your safety manual?
(read)
9. ____ the ratings ____ the fire drill? (practice)
10. The Cook ___ not ___ the dinner yet. (prepare)
11. The vessel ___ not ___ in port yet. (arrive)
12. The ratings ___ not ___ their duties yet. (finish)
Choose the correct time adverbials
to complete the sentences.
a) Do you know where Adam is? B: Yes, I've ___ seen him. He's
in the kitchen.
a) Yet b. so far c. just

b) Jackie sent off more than 20 job applications last month,

but ___ she hasn't had any replies.
a) Yet b. just c. ever

c) Have you finished reading that book? B: Finished? I haven't

started it ___!
a. a

d) He promised to write to me once a week but ___ I've only

received a postcard.
What have you done today?
a. Write a paragraph describing your activities today.
b. Work with a partner. Talk about the work you have done today.