ANALYSIS OF

STRUCTURE
ENGR. JESSA MAE A. GOMEZ
 Objectives

1. To show how to determine the forces in the members of a

truss using the method of joints and the method of sections.

2. To analyze the forces acting on the members of frames and

machines composed of pin-connected members.
 Simple Trusses

Truss – is a structure composed of slender members joined

together at their end points.
 The Method of Joints

In order to analyze or design a truss, it is necessary to determine

the force in each of its members. One way to do this is to use
the method of joints. This method is based on the fact that if the
entire truss is in equilibrium, then each of its joints is also in
equilibrium. Therefore, if the free-body diagram of each joint is
drawn, the force equilibrium equations can then be used to
obtain the member forces acting on each joint. Since the
members of a plane truss are straight two-force members lying
in a single plane, each joint is subjected to a force system that
is coplanar and concurrent . As a result, only Fx = 0 and Fy = 0
need to be satisfied for equilibrium.
Problem # 1. Determine the force in SOLUTION:
each member of the truss shown in
the figure and indicate whether the
members are in tension or
compression.
Problem # 1. Determine the force in SOLUTION:
each member of the truss shown in
Joint B 0 +¿
Σ Fx=¿
the figure and indicate whether the − F BC sin 45+ 500 N¿ 0
− 0.7071 F BC+ 500 N¿ 0
members are in tension or
45 ° 𝐅 𝐁𝐂 =𝟕𝟎𝟕. 𝟏𝟏 𝐍(C)
compression.
𝐅 𝐁𝐀 𝐅 𝐁𝐂
0+¿
Σ F y=¿
F BC cos− 45F B ¿A 0
Joint C
𝐅 𝐂𝐁 707.11 N cos45− F B¿A0
𝐅 𝐁 𝐀 =𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐍 (T)

𝐅 𝐂𝐀
Σ F y=¿ 0+¿
− F CB sin+45F Cy¿0
𝐅 𝐂𝐲
−7 07.11 N sin45+ F Cy
¿0
0 +¿
Σ Fx=¿
𝐅 𝐂𝐲 =𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐍
F CB cos 45 ¿ 0
− F CA
707.11 N cos 45 ¿0
𝐅 𝐂 𝐀 =𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐍(T)
 Joint A 5 00 N
5 00 N 707.11 N
𝐅 𝐀𝐁

Tension

Co
𝐅 𝐀𝐂

mp
𝐅 𝐀𝐱

res
sio
n
𝐅 𝐀𝐲
0 +¿
Σ Fx=¿ 5 00 N 5 00 N 707.11 N
5 00 N
F AC ¿0 5 00 N
500−N F Ax
¿0 Tension
5 00 N 5 00 N
𝐅 Ax =𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐍

0+¿
Σ F y=¿
F AB− F Ay
¿0
5 00−NF ¿ Ay0

𝐅 𝐀𝐲 =𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐍
Problem # 2. Find the force acting in all members of the truss shown in
the figure.

= 80 kN

R Ay =3.33 kN
R D =53.33 kN

=0 + =0 +

+80 k N (0.75m)¿ 0
−5 0 kN ( 1 m) +80 k N (0.75m)¿ 0
+5 0 kN ( 2 m)
−5 0 kN m+60 k N m¿ 0 +100 kN m+60 k N m¿ 0
𝐑 𝐀𝐲¿−𝟑.𝟑𝟑 𝐤 𝐍 𝐑 𝐃¿𝟓𝟑.𝟑𝟑 𝐤 𝐍
Σ Fx=0 +¿
R A x+ 80 kN¿ 0
𝐑 𝐀𝐱 =−𝟖𝟎 𝐤𝐍
 Joint B
F BC 0+¿
Σ F y=¿
0.75m
−
1.25m
(5.55 kN) + F BF¿ 0
=5.55 kN
F BF 𝐅 𝐁𝐅 =𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝐤𝐍 (C)
Σ Fx=0+¿
Joint A 1m
FAB −
1.25m
(5.55kN) + F¿
BC 0
= 80 kN .2 5
A 0.75
FAF 𝐅 𝐁𝐂 =𝟒 . 𝟒𝟒 𝐤𝐍(T)
1
R Ay =3.33 kN Joint F
= 3.33 kN 0+¿
Σ F y=¿
0+¿
Σ F y=¿ F FC 0.75 m
1.25 m FC−3.33 kN ¿ 0
F
0.75 m
F −3.33 kN¿ 0 F FE
1.25 m AB
= 75.56 kN
𝐅 𝐅𝐂=𝟓. 𝟓𝟓 𝐤𝐍 (T)
𝐅 𝐀𝐁=𝟓. 𝟓𝟓 𝐤𝐍 (T)
Σ Fx=0+¿
Σ Fx=0+¿ 1m
1m 1.25m
(5.55 kN) −75.56 kN + F ¿
FE 0
1.25 m +
F F − 80 kN
¿0
AB
AF

) + F AF ¿0
− 80 kN 𝐅 𝐅𝐄 =𝟕𝟏. 𝟏𝟐 𝐤𝐍(T)
𝐅 𝐀𝐅 =𝟕𝟓. 𝟓𝟔 𝐤𝐍(T)
 Joint C

= 4.44 kN C
𝟖𝟎 𝐤𝐍

= 5.55 kN F CD
(T) Joint E = 50 kN
F EC
Σ Fx=0+¿
(C)
(T)
(T) 1m 1m
(T) F ED −4.44 kN 1.25m (5.55kN)
− − F
1.25 m CD
= 71.12 kN
+80 kN¿ 0
50 kN
𝐅 𝐂𝐃 =𝟖𝟖 . 𝟗 𝐤𝐍(C)
Σ Fx=0+¿ 0+¿
Σ F y=¿
−71.12kN + F ¿
ED 0 F EC− 50 kN¿ 0
𝐅 𝐄𝐃 =𝟕𝟏.𝟏𝟐 𝐤𝐍(T) 𝐅 𝐄𝐂 =𝟓𝟎 𝐤𝐍 (T)
 Joint D

F CD =88 . 9 kN 4 .44 kN
F
CD
=8
8.
D 9k
N
75 . 56 kN
F FE =71 .12 kN
R D =53.33 kN

Σ Fx=0+¿
+1m
−71.12kN 1.25m
(88.9kN) ¿0
(T)
71.12
(C)
(T)
Σ F y=¿0+¿ (T)
(T)
0.75m
53.33kN 1.25m (88 .9 kN)
− ¿0 (T)

(C)
53.33
Problem # 3. Determine the force 0+¿
Σ F y=¿ Σ Fx=0 +¿
in each member of the truss and + R Dy¿ 0 R Dx
R EykN kN ¿0
state if the members are in tension + R Dy¿ 0𝐑 𝐃 𝐱 = 𝟎
2 3 kN kN kN
or compression.
𝐑 𝐃𝐲 =−𝟏𝟒 𝐤𝐍

R Dx Joint D

R Dy FD 𝐶 3m
5 m5 .83 m
R Dy =14 kN
F DE

Σ F y =0+¿ Σ Fx=0 +¿
R Ey
+5m +3m
SOLUTION: − R Dy
5.83 m DE¿ 0
F − F DC
5.83 m DE¿ 0
F
+5m
=0 +
−14 kN5.83 m F DE¿ 0 − F DC
+3 m(16.32 kN )
¿0
5.83 m
−5 kN ( 9−
m) ¿0
4 kN (6 m) 𝐅 𝐃𝐄=𝟏𝟔.𝟑𝟐 𝐤𝐍(C) 𝐅 𝐃𝐂 =𝟖 . 𝟒𝟎 𝐤𝐍(T)
−69 kN ¿
m0
 0+¿
Σ F y=¿
F EC− 2 m(8.85 kN ) −
5 m(16.32 kN )
+23 kN ¿0
6.32m 5.83 m

𝐅 𝐄𝐂 =−𝟔 . 𝟐𝟎 𝐤𝐍(C)

Joint C

(C)
=8.40 kN 3m
F CB
3m
Joint E
3m 4 .24 m
F EC F F CF
DE =6.20 kN
5 m5 .83 m
F EA
0+¿
Σ F y=¿
6m 3m
2m −
4.24 m +6.20
F
CF
kN ¿0
6 .32 m
=23kN 𝐅 𝐂𝐅 =𝟖 .𝟕𝟔 𝐤𝐍(T)
Σ Fx=0 +¿
6m
Σ Fx=0 +¿
F − 3 m(16.32 kN )
6.32 m EA
5.83 m
¿ 0 − F CB− 3 m(8.76 kN ) +8.40 kN¿ 0
4.24 m
𝐅 𝐄𝐀 =𝟖 . 𝟖𝟓 𝐤𝐍(C) 𝐅 𝐂𝐁 =𝟐 .𝟐𝟎 𝐤𝐍(T)
 Σ Fx=0 +¿ 0+¿
Σ F y=¿
3m
− F
4.24m BA +2.20 kN¿ 0 F BF− 3 m(3.11kN ) − 4 kN¿ 0
4.24 m
𝐅 𝐁𝐀 =𝟑 . 𝟏𝟏 𝐤𝐍(T) 𝐅 𝐁𝐅 =𝟔 . 𝟐𝟎 𝐤𝐍(C)

Joint F
=6.20kN
Σ Fx=0 +¿
+3m(8.76kN)
=8.76kN
− F FA
4.24 m ¿0
(C) F FA 𝐅 𝐅𝐀 =𝟔 .𝟐𝟎 𝐤𝐍(T)
(C)
(C)

(T)

Joint B 4 .24 m
3m
3m
=2.20kN

F BA F BF
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE
(METHOD OF SECTIONS)
 Method of Sections
Problem # 1. Determine the force
in members GE , GC , and BC of
the truss shown in the Figure.
Indicate whether the members are
in tension or compression.

SOLUTION:

=0 +

4 00 N (3 m) ¿0
+1200 N (8 m)
1 200 N m + 9600 N ¿
m0

Σ Fx=0 +¿
− A X+400 N¿ 0 0+¿
Σ F y=¿
− 1200 N¿ 0
AY+ 900 N
𝐀 𝐗 =𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝐍
 0+¿
Σ F y=¿
3m
3 00 N
−
5 m G¿
F C 0
𝐅 𝐆𝐂 =𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐍 (T)

=0 +

+300 N (4+m) ¿0
400 N (3 m)
+2400 ¿
N0
(T)

=0 +

¿0
+300 N (8 m)
+2400 ¿
N0
(C)
 Problem # 2. Determine the force in members KJ , F KJ
KD , and CD of the Pratt truss. State if the members 𝐊
are in tension or compression.
F KD

𝐂
F CD

𝐑 𝐀𝐱 =33.33 kN

𝐑 𝐀𝐲 𝐑𝐆
=0 +

¿0
+ F CD (3 m)
¿0
+ F CD (3 m)
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 : 𝐅 𝐂𝐃 =𝟔𝟐. 𝟐𝟏 𝐤𝐍 (T)
3m =0 +
tan ø =
2m =0 +
3 m2 0 kN (2 m )
−1
ø = tan ( ) ¿0
+ F KJ (3 m)
2 m − R G (12 m) ¿ 0
ø =𝟓𝟔 . 𝟑𝟏 ° 𝐑 𝐆=𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝐤𝐍 ¿0
+ F KJ (3 m)
𝐅 𝐊𝐉 =𝟔𝟔.𝟔𝟔 𝐤𝐍 (C)
 Problem # 2. Determine the force in members KJ , F KJ
KD , and CD of the Pratt truss. State if the members 𝐊
are in tension or compression.
F KD

𝐂
F CD

𝐑 𝐀𝐱 =33.33 kN

𝐑 𝐀𝐲 𝐑𝐆

ø =𝟓𝟔 . 𝟑𝟏 °

0+¿
Σ F y=¿
+F KD (sin56.31) ¿0
𝐅 𝐊𝐃 =𝟖.𝟎𝟐 𝐤𝐍 (T)
Thank
you!