TEAM SPORTS

• Team sports are organized games governed by

a set of rules that are recognized and
interpreted by an official governing body as
the standard for play. The top team sports for
children ages 6 through 17 are basketball,
baseball, soccer, football, and volleyball.
 Why Team Sports Are Important
• Team sports are important for many reasons
including better physical and mental health,
learning important life skills, developing social
skills. There are many different types of team
sports including soccer, basketball, volleyball,
rugby, touch football and lots more. Here is
why I think team sports are important:
• Firstly, sports are known to improve people’s
physical health, team sports help because
making exercise a regular habit from a young
age is a way to make sure that kids grow into a
fit and healthy adult. In most team sports, you
learn the importance of eating right. Playing
sports help develop bone and muscle
strength, which is good for getting stronger. It
can also help prevent illness or diseases such
as diabetes, arthritis, and heart diseases.
• The second point I am going to talk about is
mental health. Team Sports help with mental
health because they make you feel good about
who you are. Team sports help against
depression and anxiety because they make
you feel good. Kids who play sports are more
satisfied with life. Sport helps kids feel like
they belong to a team.
VOLLEYBALL
• The object of the game is to send the ball over
the net in order to ground it on the
opponent's court, and to prevent the same
effort by the opponent. The team has three
hits for returning the ball (in addition to the
block contact).
 History
• Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, physical
director of the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) in
Holyoke, Massachusetts. It was designed as an indoor sport for
businessmen who found the new game of basketball too vigorous.
Morgan called the sport “mintonette,” until a professor from
Springfield College in Massachusetts noted the volleying nature of
play and proposed the name of “volleyball.” The original rules
were written by Morgan and printed in the first edition of
the Official Handbook of the Athletic League of the Young Men’s
Christian Associations of North America (1897). The game soon
proved to have wide appeal for both sexes in schools, playgrounds,
the armed forces, and other organizations in the United States,
and it was subsequently introduced to other countries.
• In 1916 rules were issued jointly by the YMCA and the
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The first
nationwide tournament in the United States was conducted
by the National YMCA Physical Education Committee in New
York City in 1922. The United States Volleyball Association
(USVBA) was formed in 1928 and recognized as the rules-
making, governing body in the United States. From 1928 the
USVBA—now known as USA Volleyball (USAV)—has
conducted annual national men’s and senior men’s (age 35
and older) volleyball championships, except during 1944 and
1945. Its women’s division was started in 1949, and a senior
women’s division (age 30 and older) was added in 1977.
Other national events in the United States are conducted by
member groups of the USAV such as the YMCA and the
NCAA.
• International volleyball competition began in 1913
with the first Far East Games, in Manila. During the
early 1900s and continuing until after World War II,
volleyball in Asia was played on a larger court, with
a lower net, and nine players on a team.
• The FIVB-sponsored world volleyball
championships (for men only in 1949; for both
men and women in 1952 and succeeding years) led
to acceptance of standardized playing rules and
officiating. Volleyball became an Olympic sport for
both men and women at the 1964 Olympic Games
in Tokyo.
 Volleyball in the Philippines
• The history of volleyball in the Philippines refers to the history of
volleyball in the Philippines as a recreation and as a sport.
Philippine volleyball history began in 1910 when the Philippines
was a United States territory (1898–1946). The Filipinos have made
significant contributions to volleyball in its evolution as a
professional and international game. The Filipinos continued
playing volleyball up to the modern-day period in its status as an
independent republic (1946–present).
• Volleyball in the Philippines is a female-dominated sports, with two
commercial leagues serving as the de facto top-flight leagues in the
country; the Philippine Super Liga and the Premier Volleyball
League. The Spikers' Turf is the top-tier men's volleyball league in
the Philippines.
• It was introduced to the Filipinos by an American named
Elwood S. Brown,[1] the then Physical Director of the
Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA). It became a
popular game held in backyards and at beaches in the
islands. At first, the Filipinos invented their own rules for
the game.[2] US soldiers who were assigned to the
different islands of the Philippine during the period also
helped in the widespread introduction of volleyball to the
Filipinos. These American military servicemen
encouraged the Filipinos to join them in playing during
their time-off from military duties.[3] Early in the history of
the game of volleyball in the Philippines, the Filipinos
used trees as makeshift net holders (the net was hung
between the two chosen trees).
Filipino Contributions
 Inspiration for the three-hit limit
• The first contribution was that the Filipinos inspired American
players to create the "three-hit limit" for each player in
modern-day volleyball. This number of limits in hitting the
ball was based by American volleyball players from the
Filipino way of letting each player hit the ball before sending
or "volleying" it over to the side of the opponent team. The
Americans revised this method to become the "three-hit
limit" because the old way of taking turns in hitting the ball
took too much time, and had been observed to affect the
intensity of the game and the motivation of the participating
volleyballers (lessens the "challenge and the competitive
nature" of the game).
 Setting and spiking the ball
• he second Filipino contribution was the "set and spike" maneuver, [2]
also known as "set and hit",[3] "setting and spiking",[4] or just "spike".[3]
A spike is a form of volleyball "attack" done by the player by jumping,
raising one arm above the head and hitting the ball so it will move
quickly down to the ground on the opponent's court. The set, on the
other hand, is an over-hand pass done by the setter (another player)
using the wrists to push finger-tips at the ball.
• It was after accepting the new set of rules created by the Americans
regarding the "three-hit limit" when the Filipino volleyball players at
the time invented the "set and spike" maneuver. The new technique
invented by the Filipinos prompted American enthusiasts and
participants in volleyball to call it as the "Filipino bomb", because
"spiking the ball" was like a "hit" or a form of "attack" that can squash
or "kill" the opportunity of the opponent team to hit the ball back for
a possible point or win.[2] A more apt description of "hitting and
spiking" is that it is "an offensive style of passing the ball in a high
 Associations
• The Philippine Amateur Volleyball Association (PAVA)
was founded by the Playground and Recreation Bureau
(PRB) of the Philippines on July 4, 1961. It was
renamed the Philippine Volleyball Federation (PVF) in
2003.[2] The PVF was the recognized sporting body for
volleyball until 2015, when recognition was transferred
to the Larong Volleyball sa Pilipinas (LVPI), following a
leadership dispute in the PVF. The LVPI itself was
succeeded by the
Philippine National Volleyball Federation (PNVF) in
2021.
 The game
VOLLEYBALL
• Volleyball requires a minimum of equipment and space and can be
played indoors or outdoors. The game is played on a smooth-
surfaced court 9 metres (30 feet) wide by 18 metres (60 feet) long,
divided by a centre line into two equal areas, one of which is
selected by or assigned to each of the two competing teams.
Players may not step completely beyond the centre line while
the ball is in play. A line 3 metres (10 feet) from and parallel to the
centre line of each half of the court indicates the point in front of
which a back court player may not drive the ball over the net from a
position above the top of the net. (This offensive action, called
a spike, or kill, is usually performed most effectively and with
greatest power near the net by the forward line of players.) A tightly
stretched net is placed across the court exactly above the middle of
the centre line; official net heights (measured from the top edge of
the net to the playing surface—in the middle of the court) are 2.4
metres (8 feet) for men and 2.2 metres (7.4 feet) for women.
Further adjustments in net height can be made for young people
and others who need a lower net.
• A vertical tape marker is attached to the net directly above each side
boundary line of the court, and, to help game officials judge whether
served or volleyed balls are in or out of bounds, a
flexible antenna extends 1 metre (3 feet) above the net along the
outer edge of each vertical tape marker. The ball used is around 260
to 280 grams (9 to 10 ounces) and is inflated to about 65 cm (25.6
inches) in circumference. A ball must pass over the net entirely
between the antennae. A service area, traditionally 3 metres (10
feet) long, is marked outside and behind the right one-third of each
court end line. At the 1996 Olympic Games the service area was
extended to 9 metres (30 feet). The service must be made from
within or behind this area. A space at least 2 metres (6 feet) wide
around the entire court is needed to permit freedom of action,
eliminate hazards from obstructions, and allow space for net support
posts and the officials’ stands. A clear area above the court at least 8
metres (26 feet) high is required to permit the ball to be served or
received and played without interference.
• Informally, any number can play volleyball. In competition each
team consists of six players, three of whom take the forward
positions in a row close to and facing the net, the other three
playing the back court. (An exception to this rotation is the libero,
a position introduced at the 2000 Olympics; see below.) Play is
started when the right back (the person on the right of the second
row) of the serving team steps outside his end line into the
serving area and bats the ball with a hand, fist, or arm over the
net into the opponents’ half of the court. The opponents receive
the ball and return it across the net in a series of not more than
three contacts with the ball. This must be done without any player
catching or holding the ball while it is in play and without any
player touching the net or entering the opponents’ court area.
The ball must not touch the floor, and a player may not touch the
ball twice in succession. A player continues to serve until his team
makes an error, commits a foul, or completes the game.
• When the service changes, the receiving team becomes the
serving team and its players rotate clockwise one position,
the right forward shifting to the right back position and
then serving from the service area. Either team can score,
with points being awarded for successfully hitting the ball
onto the opposing side’s half of the court, as well as when
the opposing side commits errors or fouls, such as hitting
the ball out of bounds, failing to return the ball, contacting
the ball more than three times before returning it, etc. Only
one point at a time is scored for a successful play. A game is
won by the team that first scores 25 points, provided the
winning team is ahead by 2 or more points, except in the
fifth set, when a team needs to score only 15 points and
win by 2 points.
• The 2000 Olympics introduced significant rule
changes to international competition. One
change created the libero, a player on each
team who serves as a defensive specialist.
The libero wears a different colour from the
rest of the team and is not allowed to serve or
rotate to the front line. Another important
rule change allowed the defensive side to
score, whereas formerly only the serving team
was awarded points.
 The 6 Basic
Fundamentals in
Volleyball
 Serving
• The serve is the first contact in a volleyball game, and it's an important
opportunity to gain an advantage over the opposing team.
It is a skill that every player must master as it’s the first move that can give your
team momentum and shut down your opponent’s momentum.
• ‍
• Although serves are a great way to score points, serves can also be used to break
up the opposing team’s formation, creating opportunities to score in the future. A
skilled serve toward the setter or a weak passer can disrupt the opposing team
and make them panic, giving your team more opportunities to score.
• ‍
• There are different types of serves, such as the underhand serve, the overhand
serve, and the jump serve. Some more advanced serves include the floater and
the topspin. No matter which type of serve you decide to do, the key to a good
serve is accuracy and consistency, which requires practice to master.
 Passing
• Also known as the bump, is used to receive the ball from the
opposing team's serve or hit. The goal of passing is to keep the
ball in play and set up an offensive play. To pass effectively, the
player should get in position, keep their arms straight and feet
parallel, extend their knees forward, and make contact with
the ball using their forearms.
• ‍
• Ideally, the ball should be passed high toward your setter so
that they can facilitate offensive plays for your team. This is the
first step in the basic pass-set-spike sequence that makes up
the foundation of volleyball offense and is arguably the most
important skill to have in volleyball.
 Setting
• Setting or overhead passing is the most important step in an offensive play as it
determines which player gets to spike or attack. This is normally done by the team’s
setter and is the second step in the pass-set-spike sequence.
• ‍
• The setter must have good hand-eye coordination and the ability to make quick
decisions to determine who to pass to. Setters must also have good spatial
awareness to know where their teammates are, as well as where the opponent’s
defenses are the weakest.
• ‍
• To set, the player should use their fingertips and create a triangle with their thumb
and fingers. Their hands should be above their heads with their fingers relaxed but
steady, with their knees and elbows slightly bent. When they are about to set, it’s
important to follow through with the motion with their entire body by extending
their knees and straightening their arms.
• ‍
• Setters want to create a high and accurate ball trajectory toward their hitter that’s
easy and comfortable to hit. When playing in a competitive setting where setters are
more experienced and comfortable with their hitters, setters can change the tempo
of the attack by doing a quicker set. This needs to be coordinated with the hitters,
 Attacking
• Attacking, also known as hitting, is the final step in the pass-set-spike sequence
and is used to score points. There are a variety of different ways to attack a ball,
but the most common and consistently effective way to do so is by spiking.
Spiking is a combination of jumping with powerful arm swings in order to smash
the ball onto the opponent’s side of the court.
• As you get more advanced in volleyball, there many different types of spikes
you can do:
• Cross-court spike: A cross-court spike is an attack that goes diagonally across the
court, from one corner to the opposite corner. This type of spike is often used to
avoid the opposing team's blockers and to target an open area of the court.
• Line spike: A line spike is an attack that goes straight down the line ahead of the
hitter, either on the left or right side of the court. This type of spike is difficult to
block, but also difficult to land as it is treading near the out-of-bounds line.
• Tool spike: A tool spike is an attack that intentionally hits off the opposing
team's blockers, deflecting the ball out of bounds. This type of spike is often
used when the opposing team's blockers are positioned close to the net and the
attacker has limited options.
• These are just some of the most popular
spiking techniques, however, there are more
than the ones listed above.
• To be a good spiker, the player must have
good timing, jumping power, and overall
athleticism. To spike effectively, the player
should approach the ball with a quick three-
step approach, jump high, and hit the ball with
force and accuracy.
 Blocking
• Blocking is a defensive skill used to stop the opposing team's attack and
can also be used to potentially score points. Blockers must focus on
stopping the opposing team’s offensive attacks, while also paying
attention to the opposing setter so that they can better predict the
opposing team’s attack strategy. It is important for blockers to be able to
react to an attack quickly and be in position before the attack is
completed.
• In order to block, blockers should stand readily with their elbows in front
of them, and palms facing forward. When the opposing hitter is about to
attack, blockers should be in a position to jump in front of their attack
and then be able to explosively jump and raise their arms to create a
wall against the attacker.
• Blockers must have good timing, vertical height, and hand positioning in
order to effectively stop the opposing team’s attack. An amazing blocker
will be able to predict where the ball is going to be and already be in a
position to block immediately after the ball is set. They will also be
 Digging
• Digging is a defensive skill used to save the ball from hitting
the ground. It is often done when the ball does not come
directly at the player, and a standard underhand pass would
be impossible or extremely difficult to get. To get into a
digging position, the player must sink their hips low to the
floor with their heels slightly raised in order to be light on
their feet. They must then stretch out their arms into the
underhand pass position. In order to dig for the ball, the
player must push off their toes and use their lower body to
move their upper body. Players must also be ready to dive for
the ball, but that’s often not necessary if you’re already
positioned to where the ball might be going.
• Liberos are often the position that digs the most as
they are the core of a team’s defense. To learn more
about liberos and their unique role in volleyball,
check out our blog here.
• Players who are digging must have good reflexes,
footwork, and body control. To dig effectively, the
player should get into position to receive the ball
before the attack is finished. This requires good ball-
tracking skills, as well as a good awareness of your
blockers. Players who are digging must use their
blockers as a wall and cover the area that the blockers
can’t defend. They must also be able to control the
ball and create a clean pass to a teammate.