FibeAir ® IP-10 G-Series

QoS Concept & Implementation

Proprietary and Confidential

Agenda

• Introduction

• Why do we need QoS?

• Not all Traffic are the same…

• Traffic Engineering as a solution

• QoS in IP-10

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 Introduction (1)
IP-10 is more than a Radio:

High capacity MW Radio –

Up to 500Mbps @ 56MHz

ADM – Add & Drop Multiplexer:

It enables a matrix of cross-connections
between TDM E1/T1,SDH VCs and
Radio channels

L2 ETH Switch:
• 802.1p/q
• P-Bit remap
• Policers
• Shaping
• Scheduler
• IPv4 / IPv6 Classification

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 Introduction (2)

In this presentation we shall focus on the QoS implemented with the

integrated L2 ETH switch

But first, let us understand

what does Quality Of Service
stands for…

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Understanding QoS
Why do we need QoS? (1)
Without controlling our Backbone /Core infrastructure -

• High cost of non-responsiveness: devices are deployed but not properly

allocated to transport customer traffic
• On the other hand – bad resource design results in congestion which will lead
to network downtime costs due to degradation of performance

• QoS (e.g. - Traffic Engineering) optimizes

network resources

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 Why do we need QoS? (2)
Mobile operators focus on reducing costs:

• Mobile Broadband growth requires Backhaul expansions, hence:

• Operators are stretching their cost-saving initiatives
• Operators will look for new ways to drive further Backhaul savings
• Operators must reduce their cost per Mbit

• QoS (e.g. - Traffic Engineering) optimizes network resources

Wireless Carrier Ethernet

Business center Backhaul Network

GE
WiMAX / 4G / LTE
Cellular site
WiMAX
STM-1 / OC-3
Ceragon Ceragon
Hub / Aggregation site
TDM
E1/T1

2G/3G base station

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Fundamental Fact
Static
Dynamic WWW
WWW

Multimedia

Not all traffic is the same!

So why treated equally?...

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Traffic Engineering as a Solution
Your 1st assignment is identifying needs & solutions:

Static
Dynamic
What is the BW requirement per service ? WWW
WWW

• Video requires more than voice Multimedia

• Data requires less than video

• FTP requires more than emails…

What is the delay sensitivity of each service?

• Delayed Voice is inacceptable…
• FTP can tolerate delays

Your 2nd assignment is grouping services into SLAs:

• Video & Multimedia – Low Services (Best Effort)
• FTP – Moderate Service
• Skype – Highest Service

Your 3rd assignment is configuring QoS in your network

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QoS in IP-10
 IP-10G L2 ETH Switch Ports

The IP-10G’s L2 Switch has 8 ports:

• Port #1 GbE (Opt. / Elec.)

• Port #2 GbE (Opt. / Elec.)
• Port #3 to port #7 FE
• Port #8 (Radio port)

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 QoS Process

25
10 50

Rate Limit Queuing Scheduling Shaping

Ingress Port Egress Port (s)

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 Ingress VS. Egress
Every Switch port applies Ingress Rules and Egress Rules depending on traffic
characteristics (L2 header and applied policies)

Ingress Egress
port port
Customer Provider
Network Network

Egress Ingress
port port
Customer Provider
Network Network

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 Ingress VS. Egress: IP-10
Radio port (ETH port #8):
• Ingress traffic relates to traffic received from remote IDU
• Egress traffic relates to traffic sent to remote IDU

Non-Radio ports (ports 1 to 7*):

• Ingress traffic relates to traffic received from customer
• Egress traffic relates to traffic sent to customer

Ingress

Egress

Port 1-7* Port 1-7*

Radio Radio

Egress

Ingress

* Ports 7, 6 & 5 can be used as management or data

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 Ingress Rate Limiting
Users can configure maximum ingress rate per port

Exceeding traffic will be discarded

Rate limitation can be configured per type of traffic (Policers)

FE Max. 100Mbps
Rate

25 Discard
Max. Allowed
10 50 Rate
Pass
Actual
Customer
Traffic
Time

Example: Policer assigned to FE interface

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 Using Queues
Every port of the L2 switch examines the ingress traffic and then it sorts it in a
buffer according to classification criteria

This process is called Queuing

Users can configure up to 4 queues where Q4 has the max. priority and Q1
has the lowest priority

Q4 High

Q3

Q2

Q1 Low

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 Using Queuing

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 Scheduling (1)
Once the queues are filled with information, we need to empty them

Which queue should we empty first?

Round-Robin:
Emptying cycle is fixed – all queues are treated equally

Q4 High

Q3
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Q2

Pro: no “queue starvation”

Q1 Low Con: no prioritization

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 Scheduling (2)
Weighted Round-Robin:
Emptying cycle is configurable – every queue can be given specific weight

Q4 High

Q3
Q3 Q4 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q4

Q2

Pro: no “queue starvation”

Q1 Low

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 Scheduling (3)
4th Strict Priority:

The switch will empty Q4 as long as it has something

Once empty – switch will perform RR on lower queues
If Q4 receives a frame during the Lower-Queues-RR, it will go back to focus
on Q4

Q4 High

Q3
Q3 Q4 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q4

Q2

Pro: Optimized Prioritization

Q1 Low Con: “Queue starvation”

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 Scheduling (4)
All Strict Priority:

The switch will empty a queue as long as the higher queue is empty

Q4 High

Q3
Q3 Q4 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q4

Q2

Pro: no “queue starvation”

Q1 Low

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 Shaping
Bursts beyond a EIR (Excessive Information Rate) can be buffered and
retransmitted when capacity frees up, and only when shaping buffers are full
will packets be dropped.

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 Possible Scenarios

No need for
Ingress Queuing

Port 1-7* Port 1-7*

Radio Radio

Ingress Radio Egress No need

Queuing Scheduler = for Egress
Strict Priority Scheduler

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 Possible Scenarios

Ingress Queuing is
required in port 8

Port 1-7* Port 1-7*

Radio Radio

Ingress Radio Egress Egress

Queuing Scheduler = Scheduler
Round Robin is required

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 Thank You !
training@ceragon.com

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