BECOMING A

MEMBER OF THE
SOCETY
( Enculturation and Socialization )
 Introduction
• Self is a product of social process
• Self emerges from social interaction such as
socialization and enculturation
• Socialization refers to a lifelong social
experience by which people develop their
human potential and learn culture.
• Agents of socialization; family, friends, school,
church, socio-civic group, interest group.
 Socialization
• Socialization generally refers to the process of
social influence through which a person acquires
the culture or subculture of his/her group and in
the course of acquiring these cultural elements,
the individual’s self and personality are shaped.
• Socialization is very important to the life process
of an individual because it enables a person to
learn the different cultural languages, norms,
values, and one’s role in the society in order to
fit the group.
 Enculturation
• Enculturation is the process by which people learn the
requirements of their surrounding culture and acquire
the values and behaviors appropriate or necessary in
that culture.
• Enculturation can be defined as the process of learning
with the help of which an individual grasps the rules,
norms, and values of a particular culture or society of
which he/she is a part of.
• Here, learning means understanding and acquiring the
traditional content of the culture observing the other
members of the society, such as parents, family,
teachers, friends, relatives, etc., getting instructions from
• Enculturation is a process of socialization to
maintain the norms of one’s heritage and
culture, including the salient values, ideas,
and concept.
• To understand more about enculturation, we
can say that Filipinos give more importance to
their cultural values despite the challenges we
are facing.
Acculturation
• It refers to the cultural transformation of an
individual or a group to adapt according to
another culture.
• Acculturation means the cultural contact and
interchange process wherein a human being
adopts, learn and adjust to some or great
extent as per the values, rules, patterns and
practices of a new or prevailing culture in the
society which is not their native culture.
Acculturation
• Acculturation is primarily found amongst the
people who migrate from different countries,
who try to incorporate the new culture in
their lives.
• It takes place when people belong to different
culture comes into contact with one another,
wherein the people adopt traits of a new
culture or take part in another culture.
ENCULTURATIO
N ACCULTURATION
• Enculturation is the culture
learning process in which an
individual comes to know
about the rules, values and
behavioral patterns of his/her
own native culture.
• Enculturation is the first and
foremost introduction of a
person to the culture, which
takes place just after birth.
• In enculturation, a person
learns or acquire one’s own
culture to which he/she
belongs.
• Acculturation refers to a
process of cultural learning
wherein the members of a
particular cultural group get
influenced by another culture,
by coming in contact with it
and adopts it to some or great
extent.
• Acculturation is the
subsequent familiarization with
different cultures.
• In acculturation, one’s culture
is subsumed by another
culture.
 THREE GOALS OF SOCIALIZATION
(according to J. Arnett)

1. Socialization teaches impulse control and helps

individuals develop a conscience.
2. Socialization teaches individuals how to prepare
for and perform certain social roles- occupational
roles, gender roles, and the roles of institutions
such as marriage and parenthood.
3. Socialization cultivates, shared sources of meaning
and value. People learn to identify what is
important and valued within a particular culture.
 AGENTS
OF
SOCIALIZATION
1. FAMILY
• The first agent of socialization
• Principal socializer of younger members of the
family.
• Teaches members how to behave in socially
acceptable ways, develop emotional ties, and
internalize values and norms.
• Individuals share the patterns of the larger
culture, but retain the unique values and
behavioral traits learned from their families.
2. SCHOOL
• Molds the beliefs, values, and attitudes of the
students through various academic and social
activities.
• Equips students with skills that will enable them to
fit into larger society through classroom activities
that give them opportunities to apply their
knowledge and skills.
• Serves as a latent function by socializing children’s
behavior and teaching them about citizenship and
national pride.
 3. MASS
MEDIA
• Distribute information to a wide audience, via television,
newspaper, radio and internet.
• Characterized as non-proximate agents of socialization
• Enable people to learn about objects of material and non-
material culture.
• Influence the way people look at the world and make them
change their views.
• Through cultural learning, individuals have a chance to
communicate and imitate the behavior of other people.
 4.
RELIGION
• Exerts a great influence on a person’s view;
legitimize social practices.
• Provides stability to society and a source of social
change.
• Teaches participants how to interact with the
religion’s material culture.
• Creates social solidarity in the society and a source
of spiritual growth.
 5.
GOVERNME
NT
• Ultimate source of authority
• Participates in socialization through the
implementation of the laws of the
country.
• Regulates the behavior of its citizens
using rewards and sanctions.
• Promotes the general welfare of the
people.
6. PEER
GROUPS
 Mead and the Development of the
Social Mind (Self)
• Self (according to George Herbert Mead) develops
through social interactions.
• In the absence of social interactions, a person may
develop as a biological entity, but he/she will be without
the sociality that makes individuals full-pledge members
of their society.
• FERAL CHILDREN- are human children who have lived
away from human contact from a very young age, and
have little or no experience of human care, loving or
social behavior and crucially, of human language. Feral
children are confined by humans (often parents)
brought up by animals or live in the wild in isolation.
4 Stages Process of the development of the Self
(according to Mead)

1. Imitation
2. Play (gain an understanding of the different social
roles)
3. Game (organization and definite personalities start
to emerge)
4. Generalized others
 IDENTITIES AND IDENTITY
FORMATION
 Identity formation- development of an individual’s distinct
personality.
 Individuals gain social identity and group identity by social
affiliations.
 Self concept is the sum of a being’s knowledge and
understanding of his/her herself.
 Cultural Identity is one’s feeling of identity or a affiliation
with a group or culture.
 Ethnic Identity is the identification with a certain ethnicity.
 National identity is an ethical and philosophical concept
whereby all humans are divided into groups called nations.
 STATUS AND ROLES
• Status refers to a social position that a person
holds.
• A person’s status can either be ascribed(given) or
achieved (accomplished)
• An ascribed status is a social position a person
receives at birth or takes on involuntarily in life.
• An achieved status refers to a social position a
person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal
identity and effort.
• The term status set refers to all statuses a person
ASCRIBED STATUS ACHIEVED STATUS
 STATUS AND ROLES
• Role refers to the behavior expected of
someone who holds a particular status.
• A person holds a status and performs a role.
(ex. If you have the status of a student, you
must perform the role of attending classes and
completing requirements)
• Role set refers to a number of roles attached
to a single status (role of director, nurse,
teacher etc.,)
 STATUS AND ROLES
• Role strain occurs when a roles associated
with a single status clash (ex. Role of teacher
as homeroom adviser, club adviser,
accomplishing works, preparing instructional
materials.)
• Role conflict- conflict among the roles
connected to two or more statuses. ( ex. Role
of being teacher, a housewife, a mother and a
daughter.)
Socialization AGENTS OF
refers to a SOCIALIZATION
lifelong social 1. FAMILY
experience by 2. SCHOOL
which people Self 3. CHURCH
develop their 4. MASS MEDIA
human potential develops 5. GOVERNMENT
and learn culture. through 6. PEERS
2 Process of STATUS refers to a
Socialization social social position that
1. Enculturation-
learning own
interactions. a person holds.
culture.
ROLE refers to the
2. Acculturation- behavior expected
learning and of someone who
adapting different holds a particular
culture. status.