Unit-3

Poems- old and new

Main features of the poem
 Imagery: Creating vivid mental pictures through descriptive language.
 Figurative Language: Using metaphors, similes, and symbols to convey deeper
meanings.
 Sound Devices: Employing rhyme, rhythm, and repetition for musicality.
 Structure and Form: Following specific patterns like sonnets or free verse.
 Theme: Exploring central ideas or messages.
 Tone and Mood: Setting the emotional atmosphere.
 Diction: Carefully choosing words for impact and meaning.
 Symbolism: Using objects or actions to represent abstract concepts.
 Voice: Reflecting the poet's personality and perspective.
 Narrative: Telling a story or conveying events through verse.
Rhyme Scheme
 Rhyme scheme refers to the pattern of rhymes in a poem. The sound at the
end of each line determines the rhyme scheme—writers label words with
letters to identify the rhyming terms, which is how rhyme schemes are
defined.
Example:
 Roxanne, Roxanne… (A)
 All she wanna do is party all night (B)
 Roxanne, Roxanne… (A)
 Never gonna love me but it’s alright (B)
 Vocabulary
 Brook: A small, shallow, and often gently flowing stream of water.

 Stream: A continuous flow of water smaller than a river, often characterized by a steady
current.

 Cataract: A large waterfall or a steep descent of water over a rocky surface.

 Grayling: A type of freshwater fish often found in cold and clear streams and rivers.

 Surge: A sudden powerful forward or upward movement, often associated with the
movement of water in a river or ocean.

 Forget-me-not: A small blue-flowered plant that often grows near streams or rivers.
Vocabulary
 Eddy: A circular movement of water, usually caused by the meeting of conflicting currents or obstacles
in a river or stream.

 Recoil: To move back suddenly or violently, often in response to a force or impact, such as the
backward movement of water when it encounters an obstruction.

 Critic: In the context of rivers, this could refer to a person who evaluates or judges the condition,
quality, or impact of the river, perhaps in environmental or ecological terms.

 Bitter: This could describe the taste of water that contains certain minerals or impurities, or it could
symbolize a negative emotion or experience associated with the river.

 Rivulet: A small stream or brook, often used to describe a narrow and shallow flow of water.

 Tributary: A smaller river or stream that flows into a larger river, contributing to its overall flow.
 Vocabulary
 Torrent: A strong and fast-moving stream of water, often characterized by turbulence
and a high volume of flow.

 Burn: A Scottish term for a small stream or brook.

 Rill: A small, narrow channel or stream of water, often found on hillsides or in meadows.

 Streamlet: A diminutive form of stream, referring to a small or narrow stream of water.

 Beck: A dialect term used in Northern England for a small stream or brook.

 Runnel: A small and narrow channel or watercourse, often used to describe a small
stream or rivulet.