RATIO

AND
PROPORTION
Prepared by:
Group 1
1 Ratio

2 Equivalent and Simplest form of

Ratio

3 Kinds of Proportion
 1 Ratio
• is a way to show a
relationship or compare two
numbers of the same kind

2 : 3
• we use ratios to compare
things of the same type
 RATIOS
can be represented in many ways

Word Form Fraction

3 pencils
3 is to 5 Form
3
Colon Form
5
5 pens 3:5
 Equivalent
2 and
Simplest form of Ratio
2 Equivalent Ratio
2 stars to 6 hearts
are ratios that have the same The ratio of stars to hearts is
value when simplified 2:6

can be obtained by multiplying or This is equivalent to

dividing both sides by the same
non-zero number 1 star to 3 hearts
The ratio of stars to hearts is
1:3
 Writing Equivalent Ratio
By multiplying: By dividing:

1 2 2 2 2 = 1
x =
3 2 6 2 6 3
2 Simplest form of Ratio
ratios can be
SIMPLIFIED
the terms of the ratio can be divided by
the same factor to create a simplified
ratio, just like fractions

12 : 18
6 6
2:3
 Another Examples:
• What is the ratio of the
• There are 9 butterflies, 6 bees and 3 dragonflies to all the insects?
dragonflies. What is the ratio of the
butterfly to bees?
3 1
3 : 18 = 3 + =
9 + 3 18 3 6
9:6 = = = 3:2
6 + 3
= 1:6
• What is the ratio of bees to the
dragonflies?

6
__ 3 2
6:3=
3
+ 3
= = 2:1
1
3 Kinds of Proportion

 Direct Proportion

 Inverse Proportion

 Partitive Proportion
 Direct Proportion
 as one quantity increases or decreases, the
other quantity increases or decreases at
the same rate and vice versa.

a b or a b
Example:

Two jeepneys can transport 40 people. How

many jeepneys are needed to transport 80
people?
Step 1: Identify the quantities used in the problem.
2 n
No. of jeepneys
No. of people 40 80

Step 2: Set up a proportion.

2 n
40 80
Step 3: Find the missing term.
160 ÷ 40 4
2 n n 4 jeepneys
40 80
 Inverse Proportion
 one quantity increases, as the other
quantity decreases, at the same rate and
vice versa.

a b or a b
Example:

If 12 men can finish a work in 9 days,

how many men can finish the same in 6
days?
Step 1: Identify the quantities used in the problem.
12 n
No. of men
No. of days 9 6
Step 2: Set up a proportion as indirect by
interchanging the position of n horizontally.

12 n n 12
9 6 9 6
Step 3: Find the missing term.
6 108 108 ÷ 6 18
n 12 n 18 men
9 6
 Partitive Proportion
 a whole is divided into parts
that are proportional to the
given ratio.
Example:

A glass of jar has 64 chocolates. Jeff,

Lea, and Dane will share the chocolates
in the ratio of 1:1:2. How many
chocolates will each of them will get?
Step 1: Find the sum of the ratio.
1:1:2 1 1 2 4
Step 2: Divide the base by the sum.
64 4 16
Step 3: Multiply each quantity by the quotient.

16 1 16 chocolates Jeff
16 1 16 chocolates Lea
16 16 32 64
16 2 32 chocolates Dane
Thank you!
Have a great day!

By:
Group 1