RANJAN PAREKH Principles of MULTIMEDIA, 2E © 2013 Tata McGraw-Hill Education

INSTRUCTOR’S MATERIALS
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Chapter - 4

Graphics

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RANJAN PAREKH Principles of MULTIMEDIA, 2E © 2013 Tata McGraw-Hill Education

Contents
• Advantages of Graphics
• Components of a Graphics System
• 2D Coordinate Systems
• 2D Transformations
• Line Drawing Algorithms
• Circle Drawing Algorithms
• Filling and Clipping Algorithms
• 2D Modeling
• Curves and Splines
• Splines as Polynomials

INSTRUCTOR'S MATERIALS Chapter – 4 : 2

RANJAN PAREKH Principles of MULTIMEDIA, 2E © 2013 Tata
McGraw-Hill Education

Advantages of Graphics
• Overview
– Compact file size
– Adapt to varying magnification
– Suitability for animation
– Suitability for interactive applications
– Extensions for 3D graphics and animation

CONTENTS INSTRUCTOR'S MATERIALS Chapter – 4 : 3

RANJAN PAREKH Principles of MULTIMEDIA, 2E © 2013 Tata McGraw-Hill Education

Components of Graphics System

• Overview
– Database
– Primitives
– Application program
– Graphics interpreter
– Rendering engine
– Display hardware

CONTENTS INSTRUCTOR'S MATERIALS Chapter – 4 : 4

RANJAN PAREKH Principles of MULTIMEDIA, 2E © 2013 Tata
McGraw-Hill Education

2D Coordinate System
• Overview
– X-axis
– Y-axis
– Origin
– Coordinates
– Measurement of angles
– Right-handed coordinate system
– Left-handed coordinate system

CONTENTS INSTRUCTOR'S MATERIALS Chapter – 4 : 5

RANJAN PAREKH Principles of MULTIMEDIA, 2E © 2013 Tata McGraw-
Hill Education

2D Transformations
• 2D Translation
– A point is translated to a new location by adding increments to its coordinates
– In matrix form Q = P + T

• 2D Scaling
– A point is scaled to a new point by multiplying its coordinates by a scalar
– In matrix form Q = S . P
– Scaling might be uniform or non-uniform

CONTENTS INSTRUCTOR'S MATERIALS Chapter – 4 : 6

RANJAN PAREKH Principles of MULTIMEDIA, 2E © 2013 Tata McGraw-
Hill Education

2D Transformations
• 2D Rotation
– A point can be rotated to a new location by angle θ about the origin
– In matrix form Q = R . P
– Let P(x1,y1) with polar coordinates (r, φ) rotate in a plane around
origin by angle θ in CCW direction to point Q(x2,y2) . Then

– Original coordinates :

– Substituting :

– Writing in matrix form :

– As an example A(2,2) when rotated by θ = 30° becomes A’

CONTENTS INSTRUCTOR'S MATERIALS Chapter – 4 : 7