PLAIN & REINFORCED CONCRETE - II

LESSON NO 01
WE TARGET TO UNDERSTAND:

 Basics to Reinforced Concrete

 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Compatibility of Concrete & Steel
 Types of Cement
 Admixtures
 Compressive Strength, Tensile and Shear Strength
 Modulus of Elasticity

 Steel Bars – Grades & Sizes with Strengths

 Types of Loads
WHAT’S REINFORCED CONCRETE ?

 The concrete, which contains steel bars, to enhance its tensile strength is called reinforced concrete.
 Possibility to construct high rise buildings and massive bridges is due to RCC
 We can construct any shape of structural members which was not possible with PCC and even also with Steel
Construction
ADVANTAGES

 Considerable compressive strength than other materials

 Greater resistance to fire and weathering effects

 Higher stiffness

 Low maintenance material

 Increase in strength with passage of time

 Cost effective and availability of materials

 A lower grade of skilled labor

 Can be casted into different variety of shapes

DISADVANTAGES

 Low tensile strength

 Forms (shuttering) are required to held in place

 Low strength per unit volume causes heavier structural members

 Variation in properties through a member.

 Time dependent volume changes

 Is very sensitive to efficient hydration – related to strength

COMPATIBILITY OF CONCRETE AND STEEL

 Both materials are managing the pros and cons of each other like:
 Low tensile strength of concrete – higher tensile strength of steel
 Weaker resistance to corrosion for steel – higher weathering resistance of concrete
 Poor fire resistance to steel – higher insulation properties of concrete
 Lighter in weight (steel) – heavier unit weight (concrete)

 Ribs in reinforcing bars lead to better bond properties

 Both materials have almost same co-efficient of thermal expansion
 0.0000065 per unit length per degree Fahrenheit for steel
 0.0000040 to 0.0000070 with average of 0.0000055 for concrete
TYPES OF CEMENT

 Type I – Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)

 Type II – Sulfate Resistance to mild level

 Type III – High early strength cement

 Type IV – Low Heat of Hydration Cement for massive concrete

 Type V – High sulfate resistant cement

ADMIXTURES

 Air entraining

 Accelerators

 Retarders

 Superplasticizers

 Water proofing
COMPRESSIVE, TENSILE & SHEAR STRENGTH

 Compressive strength
 Determined by 28 days old test specimen
 The strength may vary from 3000 to 6000 psi as normal concrete and beyond 6000 psi as high
strength concrete
 Tensile strength
 Related to opening of micro cracks in concrete
 Is usually determined from modulus of ruptures or split cylinder test

 Shear Strength
 Usually vary from one third to fourth – fifth of ultimate compressive strength
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

 Static Modulus of concrete is dependent on:

 Loading conditions
 Age of concrete
 Strength of concrete
 Aggregate proportioning

 Initial Modulus
 Tangent Modulus
 Secant Modulus
 Long term Modulus
 For normal weight concrete ranging from 100 – 155 lb/ft3
 Ec = 57000√fc’
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY
STEEL REINFORCEMENT

 Reinforcing steel may be hot rolled or cold twisted

 May be plain or deformed

 Sizes start from #3 to #11 and for special cases, we may

refer to #14 and #18 also

 Welded wire mesh can also be used

 Grades of steel may vary from 40 to 80 with 60 as most

common
TYPES OF LOADS

 Dead loads
 Self and superimposed loads

 Live Loads
 Environmental Loads
 Seismic
 Wind
 Rain
 Snow
CANTILEVER CONSTRUCTION
SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM
CONTINUOUS SPAN GIRDERS
PRECAST (T, TT AND I) BEAMS
BOX GIRDER BRIDGE
THREE HINGE ARCH
CONTINUOUS ARCH
CABLE STAYED GIRDER BRIDGE
SHELLS (BARRELS, HYPAR)
FREE FORM SHELLS
MODERN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
MOMENT‐RESISTING FRAMES
MOMENT FRAME ACTION
MOMENT FRAME ACTION
FRAME‐WALL LATERAL FORCE RESISTING SYSTEMS
ONE‐WAY SLAB‐BEAM FLOOR SLABS
FLAT PLATE FLOOR SYSTEM
FLAT SLAB FLOOR SYSTEM
WAFFLE FLOOR SLAB SYSTEM
TWO WAY SLABS WITH BEAMS
OBJECTIVE OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN

Stability
Economy
Safety
Environment Friendly
Serviceability