GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE LAKHISARAI

A REVIEW ON SEWAGE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES AND CPCB INVENTORY 2021

AMAN RAJ 20101158002 ANKIT KUMAR 20101158025
SHREYANSHU VERMA 20101158012 ABHINAV KUMAR 20101158031
RAUSHAN KUMAR 20101158061 GAURAV RAJ 20101158052 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

SAURAV KUMAR 20101158045 PAURUSH KUMAR 20101158007 Asst. professor

RAJA SONAL ANAND
 INTRODUCTION
Sewage

Sewage is composed of 99.9% water & remaining 0.1% is solid

waste material.
Source
The Water carried waste from Residence, Industry & 0ther sources
that includes….
• Food scraps, oil and soaps.
• Human wastes.
• Industrial wastes.
•Commercial Institution
•Run off water

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 TREATMENT
* Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater (WW),

primarily from household sewage.

* Sewage contains a huge amount of organic matters which are toxic.
* Microorganisms are widely used in the STP for removing this toxic organic matter .

STP consists of three stages

* Primary treatment
* Secondary treatment
* Tertiary treatment

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 PRIMARY TREATMENT
* The primary stage involves separating solids from liquids.
* The sewage is pumped into sedimentation tank, where gravity forces solids to the bottom
of the tank.
* The water is then released, leaving behind a sludge/slurry.
* The sludge is a by product of primary treatment and can sometimes be repurposed as a
fertilizer, but it requires treatment such as de-watering to stabilise it.

Fig.1(primary treatment) GEC LAKHISARAI

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SECONDARY TREATMENT
• Utilizes biological treatment processes
•Removes dissolved colloidal and organic matter from waste
water.
•Microorganisms convert non subsiding solids to subsiding
solids.

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 TERTIARY TREATMENT
PURPOSE:

* disinfection
* Destruction of harmful (pathogenic) microorganisms,
various disease causing germs.

It is Done through following methods :

1. Chlorination
2. Ozonization : more powerful but unstable to store.
3. Ultraviolet light
4. Hydrogen peroxide: similar to ozone but activators such
as formic acid is required to improve its working.
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Treatment Flow chart

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Fig:2 (STP Flow Chart)
 SUMMARY

Fig:3 (Summary of PT and ST) GEC LAKHISARAI

ASP – Flow diagram
The most common suspended growth process used for municipal wastewater treatment is the activated
sludge process.

Fig. 4 (ASP-Flow Diagram)

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Activated sludge process
Advantages
* High treatment efficiency
* Low capital costs
* Flexible design
* Minimal sludge production

Disadvantages
* High maintenance requirements
* High operating costs
* High maintenance requirements

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Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)
SBR Principal:

Fig: 5 (Principal of SBR)

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 SBR FLOW DIGRAM

Eqalization tank

Fig:6 (SBR Flow Digram) GEC LAKHISARAI

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Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)
Advantages
• Equalization, primary clarification (in most cases), biological treatment, and secondary
clarification can be achieved in a single reactor vessel.
• SBR requires small space.
• The BOD removal efficiency is generally 85 to 90%.

Disadvantages
• Higher level of maintenance (compared to conventional systems) associated with more
sophisticated controls, automated switches, and automated valves.
• Low pathogen removal.
• Dependence on uninterrupted power supply.

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UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET REACTOR
* The use of UASB reactor is extensively for the treatment of several types of
waste water, forming a part of the high rate of anerobic technology.
UASB REACTOR SETUP
The UASB scheme basically consisted of influent tank, and more shown in the figure .

Fig:7 (UASB Process) GEC LAKHISARAI

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UASB REACTOR FLOW DIAGRAM

Fig:8 (USAB Reactor Flow Diagram) GEC LAKHISARAI

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UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET REACTOR

Advantages
• Low investment cost.
• Production of valuable by product: - Biogas.
• Low land Requirements.

Disadvantages
• Long start-up time to work at full capacity.
• A constant source of electricity is required.
• Not all parts and materials may be locally available.

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CPCB DATA FOR SEWAGE INVENTORY OF INDIA

Fig-9 (Venn diagram depicting Sewage generation, Installed treatment capacity,

Operational Capacity, Actual Utilization and Complied Treatment Capacity)
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CPCB DATA FOR SEWAGE INVENTORY OF INDIA

Fig 10 :Status-wise Capacity of STPs

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CPCB DATA FOR SEWAGE INVENTORY OF INDIA

Fig 10: Technology wise Capacity Distribution of STPs

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CPCB DATA FOR SEWAGE INVENTORY OF BIHAR

Fig11 : Sewage Generation and Treatment Capacity ( MLD) - Bihar

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