CHAPTER 2: Human

Biocultural and
Sociopolitical Evolution
LESSON 6: Humanization
Humanization
The long process of improving
the humans’ everyday living
through innovation, discovery,
enhancing routines, and
creating mechanisms.
The birth of language paved
way to the possibility of
cooperation.
Through language everything
necessary for survival were
passed on to younger
generations.
Paleolithic Age
Derived from two Greek words
palaeo – old and lithic – stone
Old Stone Period
Subdivided into Lower, Middle
and Upper Phases
Paleolithic Age
Lower and Middle
Paleolithic Phase
Rough and unpolished stones
were used as implements by
the hominids, specially Homo
habilis and Homo erectus
Upper Paleolithic Phase
New materials came into use
like the first man-made
material which is a mixture of
clay and powdered bone.
Upper Paleolithic Phase
This phase also saw the
invention of spear thrower,
bow and arrow, and barbed
harpoon – used in killing
animals and catching fish.
Upper Paleolithic Phase
Period of human development
that art has emerged.
Neolithic Age
Derived from two Greek words
neo – new and lithic – stone
New Stone Period
Cultural era where people
employed polished stone tools
Neolithic Age
Neolithic Revolution
Refers to the slow yet radical
transformation of human
behavior and organization
Invention of agriculture
Neolithic Revolution
Food-gathering revolution
ended
Altered the hunting and
gathering way of life and
permanently settled in fertile
lands.
Copper Age
Catal Huyuk in Turkey were the
first ones to make cloth from
linen.
Their houses were painted with
vultures and headless men, and
statuettes of mother goddesses.
Catal Huyuk (World’s
Oldest City)
Copper Age
Sumerians – earliest known civilization
founded in the Mesopotamia (land
between two rivers) region of the
Fertile Crescent situated between the
Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Copper Age
Others built civilization along
the Nile river in Egypt.
In Asia and North America
copper was used for the first
time
Bronze Age
Sumerians learned how to
smelt metal and make bronze
Discovered sailing which help
them trade with other towns
Plow for farming was also
invented
Plow for farming
Sumerians
Were the first to devise systems
of counting
Invented the decimal system and
60-minute division in an hour
Calendar and wheel for pot-
making and carts
Bronze Age
Cuneiform originated
Egyptians had their own writing
too in the form of hieroglyphs.
Cuneiform
Hieroglyphs
Bronze Age
Dynasty of kingdoms ruled in
Egypt, where the king was the
most powerful person and was
even regarded as Horus, or
god of sun.
Bronze Age
1554 BCE Egyptian kings were
regarded as pharaohs
Everything under Egypt was
under pharaoh’s control
Bronze Age
The major development that
happened in this age was the
establishment of city-states
Cities were ruled by elders
Ziggurats – center of the cities
Ziggurats
Iron Age
Cultural developments led to
the development of iron in
Europe
Hittites refined iron ore to
create weapons, pots, and other
essentials
Iron Age
Greeks begun using shadow
clocks, holding Olympic games,
and breeding philosophy and
science
Glass vessels were used in Egypt
and Mesopotamia
Iron Age
Phoenicians developed the
alphabet
They also introduced the purple
dye, first dye in history
City of Rome was born
ACTIVITY: Photo Essay
picture of artifact
art materials (colored paper,
bond paper, glue, scissors,
coloring materials)
Answer the ff. questions:
1. What artifact did you choose?
2. What is the significance of this
human material remain or
artifactual evidence? Present it with
description.
3. How this artifact contributed to
the present society?