LESSON 8:

Social Processes
 SOCIAL PROCESS
– repetitive interaction of patterns
of behavior which are commonly
found in social life
 TYPES OF SOCIAL PROCESS

1. Enculturation
2. Acculturation
3. Assimilation
4. Cooperation
5. Differentiation
 TYPES OF SOCIAL PROCESS

6. Amalgamation
7. Stratification
8. Conflict
9. Competition
 Enculturation
– this social process is defined as
the manner by which a person
learns or adopts the culture
followed by his /her co-members in
a society
 Example
– family (when parent teach their
children about values, norms,
traditions, and other aspects of
their culture)
 Acculturation
– the process in which a person
adapts the influence of another
culture by borrowing many of its
aspects
 Acculturation
– implies immersion in another
culture while maintaining one's
mother culture
 Example
– Feng Shui
– Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW)
– Dubsmash
 Assimilation
– complete or almost total
adaptation of the minor culture to
the major one
 Assimilation
– learns a new culture, tending to
lose entirely the previously held
cultural identity
 Example
– people who migrate from one
place to another for good
 Cooperation
– Sociologists F.E. Merrill and
H.W. Eldredge (1965) defined
cooperation as “a form of social
interaction wherein two or more
persons work together for a
common end or purpose.”
 Cooperation
– it was the basic method of
accomplishing diffi cult tasks in the
rural provinces, such as house-
building, planting, preparation for
occasions, and the like (Hunt and
Horton, 1990)
Examples
– teamwork in a class
– bonding among peers
– helping family members or
relatives
 Examples
– sharing expertise with fellow
workers
– bayanihan
– suki relationship between a
consumer and a seller
 Differentiation
– process of designating each
member of a society with
particular functions and roles
intended for the society to achieve
stability and order, thus the
increased number of social units
 Example
– community of medical
practitioners and government
agencies
Amalgamation
– happens when two families or
groups become one through a
formal union, such as marriage
 Examples
– marriage
– unions of business
– political groups
– nations (ASEAN)
Stratification
– hierarchical arrangement and
establishment of social
categories that may evolve into
social groups
Stratification
– dividing the members of a
society into different strata
 Examples
– upper classes residing in
subdivisions or exclusive villages are
often dubbed as people in “gated
communities” or “gated enclaves”
 Examples
– those who are living in public
places, such as bridges, railways,
and the sidewalks, are called
“informal settlers”
Conflict
– a struggle over values and
claims to scarce status, power,
and resource (Lewis Coser, 1956)
Conflict
– conflict happens when a party
fails to communicate effectively
its message to the other, thus
creating misunderstanding
forms and levels of conflict:

1. intrapersonal conflict
– arises within a person
forms and levels of conflict:

2. interpersonal conflict
– any type of conflict involving
two or more people
forms and levels of conflict:

3. intragroup conflict
– taking place within a group,
especially within a social group
forms and levels of conflict:

4. intergroup conflict
– happens between two or more
social group
Examples
– communal or race riots
– religious persecution
– labor-management disputes
– wars between two or more
nations
Competition
– the struggle between two or
more persons or groups that can
be translated to innovation in the
long run
Example
– tough competition in the
Philippine telecommunication
companies