SOCIAL PROCESSES

SOCIAL PROCESS
Social Process are those
ways of interacting which
are observable when
individuals and groups
meet and establish
systems of relationship.
 SOCIAL PROCESS
Refers to the recurrent and patterned
interactions or responses of
individuals to one another which
have attained stability. It is a
repetitive form of social behavior
that is commonly found in social life.
 BASIC SOCIAL PROCESSES
1. Competition
The most important fundamental dissociative
social process is competition. It is a contest
among individuals or groups to acquire
something which has limited supply or
insufficient in quantity and not easily
available. It is characterized by non-co-
operation. Here the competitors forces their
attention on the goal or the reward they are
struggling to achieve but not on themselves.
They try to achieve the goal by methods other
than force or fraud.
 FUNCTIONS OF COMPETITION

Assignment of an individual to
a place in society
Contribution to the selection
of members of the functional
groups which provide social
division of labor.
Encouragement of
achievement and efficiency.
 FORMS OF COMPETITION

(i) Political Competition – e.g. political

parties
(ii) Social Competition – e.g. individual
talents, capacity, ability
(iii) Economic Competition - e.g. job,
salaries, promotions
(iv) Cultural Competition – e.g.
superiority over other cultures
(v) Racial Competition – e.g. supremacy
over other races
 2. CONFLICT
• May develop from
competition.
• Forms of emotionalized
and violent opposition in
which the major concern is
to overcome the opponent
as a means of securing a
given goal or reward.
 FEATURES OF CONFLICT
• Universal process – found in all societies
in all periods of time.
• Conscious process – awareness of the
effects
• Personal process – they know each other
• Intermittent process – constant,
irregular.
• Conflict is based on violence -
Sometimes conflict takes the form of
violence.
 FUNCTIONS OF CONFLICT

• Establish Unity when groups

are threaten by an outside
force
• Stabilizing mechanism which
may stimulate the
establishment of new policies,
procedures, goals, etc.
• Provides an outlet for the
 3. Cooperation
Co-operation is the most fundamental
associative social process. The term
“Co-operation” has been derived
from two Latin words: ‘Co’ means
‘together’ and ‘Operari’ meaning ‘to
work’. Hence cooperation means
working together or joint activity for
the achievement of common goal or
goals.
 3. Cooperation
▪ It means sharing of the
responsibility or the act of
working together in order to
achieve a common goal or vision.
▪ It is a social process where
people work together to achieve a
group’s common objectives
and share some benefits from it.
Cooperation can be classified into three major
types:

Informal Cooperation- this is a spontaneous

give-and-take relationship. It is
commonly known in primary groups or in
Gemeinschaft societies.
Example:
• Boholanos Dayong (cooperation in times of
death and gala during wedding ceremonies)
• Bayanihan (cooperation in times of need).
 FUNCTIONS OF COOPERATION

i. It creates social cohesion and

integration among the members
of the group.
ii. It contributes to social
stability and order.
iii.It fosters consensus and
compromise in various
social, economic and political
issues.
 Derived Social Process
❑ Accommodation:
⮚ adjustment of hostile individuals or groups

⮚ process of establishing temporary agreements,

compromises or negotiations
among group members to be able to work for a
particular period of time without friction.

⮚ actual act of working together among

individuals or groups in spite of differences or
latent hostility.

⮚ EACH GROUP TRIES TO ADJUST TO EACH OTHER

AND YET MAINTAIN ITS OWN IDENTITY OR
INTEREST
 Different Forms of
Accommodation
❖ a) Yielding to Coercion - Most of hostile
individuals or groups yield to physical or some
kind of power exhibit the spirit of
accommodation in order to end a conflict. For
example-the weaker party submits to the
stronger one out of fear and the stronger party
can pressurize the weaker party by its superior
strength( USE OF CONSTANT FORCE)

❖(b) Compromise - This is based on the principle

of give and take. Here the involved parties have
to make some sacrifices voluntarily for each
other. ( GIVING UP BY BOTH PARTIES)
 DIFFERENT FORMS OF
ACCOMMODATION
� (c) Tolerance - a method of accommodation in
which two or more contesting parties tolerate
each other with sympathy and try to understand
the view point of others. They patiently bear the
differences that exist between them. ( LIVE AND
LET POLICY)

� (d) Arbitration - When the hostile individuals or

groups have equal strength and are determined
to stick to their view point, there is intervention
of third party, who acts as their arbitrator or
mediator. ( USE OF 3RD PARTY )
 DERIVED SOCIAL PROCESS

❑ Assimilation:
–Is when people usually minorities assume the
dominant culture habits usually over time.
–Is the merging of cultural traits from previously
distinct cultural groups.
It is a process whereby persons and groups acquire
the culture of other group in which they come to
live, by adopting its attitudes and values, its
patterns of thinking and behaving, in short, its
way of life. It is more permanent than
accommodation.
It is a process of interpenetration and fusion
in which persons and groups acquire the
memories, sentiments, and attitude of
other persons or groups and by sharing
their experiences and history are
incorporated with them in common
cultural life.
It is a cultural fusion- blending of values,
attitudes and beliefs
Facilitated by learning the language of the
group, friendly and tolerant attitude of
group members.
 ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF ASSIMILATION
(a) In this integrative social process, the individuals or groups
acquire the culture of other group in which they come to live
by adopting its pattern of thinking, behaving, its attitudes
and values.

(b) As assimilation is a cultural and psychological process, it

results in the promotion of cultural units.

(c) It plays a very significant role in the development of human

personality.

(d) It brings similarity among dissimilar individuals or groups.

(e) It brings change in old culture, customs, traditions,

folkways, mores, morals, law and religion etc.
 DERIVED SOCIAL PROCESS

❑Amalgamation:
– biological interbreeding of two people of
distinct physical appearance until
became one stock (Horton & Hunt, 1984)
– When individuals or groups come into
close contact to one another, amalgamation
takes place.
–Biological fusion (e.g. FilAm, Japino)
–Intermarriage of persons coming from
different ethnic groups
 DERIVED SOCIAL PROCESS

❑Acculturation:
Process by w/c societies of different
cultures are modified through
fairly close and long-continued
contact but do not blend with one
another
Usually a 2 way process, society
borrows from the culture of the
other without losing its identity.
 ACCULTURATION
The process by which we come accustom to
another culture over time and eventually adopt it
as our own.

Learning the aspects of another culture especially

the aspects that will let the individual survive in
the culture.

It is the learning process where knowledge is

transferred from one culture to another.

When a certain people of differences but assume

some habits of the other.