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The main Purpose of this Presentation is to get a knowledge of What are Vibrations ? What are harmful effects of Vibrations ? How to get rid of these mechanical vibrations via
Undamped Vibration Absorbers Damped Vibration Absorbers
Vibration is a mechanical phenomenon in which a body oscillates about an equilibrium point. Vibrations may be
Periodic Random
Thus the main mass and the attached absorber mass constitute a two-degree-of-freedom system, hence the vibration absorber will have two natural frequencies.
Commonly used in machinery that operates at constant speed, because the vibration absorber is tuned to one particular frequency and is effective only over a narrow band of frequencies.
Without a vibration absorber, the unbalanced reciprocating forces might make the device impossible to hold or control.
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The dynamic vibration absorbers, in the form of dumbbell-shaped devices, are hung from transmission lines to mitigate the fatigue effects of wind induced vibration.
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A machine or system may experience excessive vibration if it is acted upon by a force whose excitation frequency nearly coincides with a natural frequency of the machine or system.
When we attach an auxiliary mass m2 to a machine of mass m1 through a spring of stiffness k2, the resulting two-degree-of-freedom system will look as in figure below.
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We are primarily interested in reducing the amplitude of the machine X1. In order to make the amplitude of zero, the numerator of Eq. (9.135) should be set equal to zero. This gives
If the machine, before the addition of the dynamic vibration absorber, operates near its resonance, Thus if the absorber is designed such that
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The amplitude of vibration of the machine, while operating at its original resonant frequency, will be zero.
By defining
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This shows that the force exerted by the auxiliary spring is opposite to the impressed force (k2X2 = -F0 )and neutralizes it, thus reducing to zero.
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It can be seen from the above figure that the dynamic vibration absorber, while eliminating vibration at the known impressed frequency introduces two resonant frequencies.
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It can be seen, from above figure that 1 is less than and 2 is greater than the operating speed (which is equal to the natural frequency, ) of the machine. Thus the machine must pass through 1 during start-up and stopping. This results in large amplitudes. Since the dynamic absorber is tuned to one excitation frequency the steady-state amplitude of the machine is zero only at that frequency. If the machine operates at other frequencies or if the force acting on the machine has several frequencies, then the amplitude of vibration of the machine may become large.
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Undamped vibration absorber gives Two unwanted peaks Having large amplitude. Can cause failure. To remove these peaks Damped vibration absorber is used.
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Mathematical Model
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By defining
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Equation (9.152) shows that the amplitude of vibration of the main mass is a function of ,f, g, .
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By substituting the extreme cases of = 0 and = into Eq. (9.152) and equating the two. This yields
Most efficient vibration absorber is one for which the ordinates of the points A and B are equal which gives us
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To find damping ratio We need to make response of main system as flat as possible at points A & B
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For finding damping ratio we set derivative of response equal to zero at point A & B Solving both equations and taking average damping ratio give us
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Amplitude of absorber mass is greater than amplitude of the main mass (X2 > X1). Since the amplitudes of (m2) are expected to be large, the absorber spring (k2) needs to be designed from a fatigue point of view. Damping is to be added only in situations in which the frequency band in which the absorber is effective is too narrow for operation.
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