kmn tNmZy-t

tkmjy kbkv

]mTy-]-Xn Dt-iy-
z

apX-em-fn--ns hnIm-khpw tImf-\n-h-I-c-Whpw Xnep-ff _-s-p-dnv hmb\mkma{Kn-I,-tc-J-I `q]-S- XpS-n-b-hbn \nv hnh-c- tiJcnv N-bn-eqsS {]I-Sn-n-p-Xn-\v.

km{amPyXzw tZio-b-Xv hgn sh-Xn-s\-p-dnpw AXns kzm[o-\-s-pdnpw hnh-c- tiJcnv \nK-a-\-n-se-p--Xn-\v.

tZio-b-X, B{I-tWm-pI tZio-bXbmbn ]cn-W-an-p-Xns\-p-dnpw km{am-Py-Xz-n-s\-Xn-sc

Gjy-bnepw B{^n--bnepw \nc-h[n {]tm-`- Dm-Im-\n-S-bmb kml-N-cy-s-p-dnpw hnhc- tiJ-cn-p--Xn-\v, tiJ-cn hnh-c- hnhn[ cq]-n Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xn-\v.

km{am-PyXz cmPy- `q{]-tZ-i-p-thn \S-nb a-cw, AXncp Ihn tZio-b-X-bpsS

A\--c-^ew Fnh hmb\m kma-{Kn-I-fpsS klm-b-tmsS Is-m\pw N-I-fn Ah-X-cnn-m-\pw.

Hmw temIalm-bpw km{am-PyXz bp-am-bn-cp-p-shpw AXns kmt-XnI hnZy, Ic--\m-hn-I-thyma aWvU-e-,Smv Ahmln\nI, hnam-\- XpS-n-bh BZy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn--sXv, bp-ns KXn XpS-n-bh kw_-nv [mc-W-bn-se-p--Xn-\v. IqSp-X hnh-c- Zriyam-[y-a-, t^mtm-I, Nn{X-, kvamc-I, hmb\m kma-{Kn-I, kn.-Un. tdmw FnhbneqsS
tiJ-cn-p--Xn-\v. tiJ-cn hnh-c- At\z-j-W-p-dn-n tNp--Xn-\v.

tkmj-y-envP\m-[n-]-Xy Bi-b--fp-sSbpw sXmgn-emfn h apt--nsbpw kzm-[o-\-apsmv

\S C-y, dj-y, Abe- v P-\n, Xpn Fn-hn-S--fnse hnh sfpdn-p hnh-c-
hy-X-ykvX t{kmXp-I-fn \nv tiJ-cn-p--Xn\pw CXns ASn-m-\-n hn-h--fpsS Bibs Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn hni-I-e\w sNp--Xn\pw Ch dntmv Bbn Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xn\pw

^mkn-kw, \mkn-kw, Ah-bpsS coXn imkv{Xw, P\m-[n-]-Xy [zwk \hpw GIm-[n-]-Xy m]-\hpw
lnvedpw aptm-fn-\nbpw {^tmbpw kvs]bn\pw Fn-h-sbp-dnv hmb-\m-km-a-{Kn-I, kn.Un.tdmw,
Cs\v Fn-h-bn \nv hnh-c- tiJ-cn-p--Xn\v, tiJ-cn hnh-c-sf B[m-c-amn
dntmv Xm-dm-p--Xn\v

kzmX-{ym-\-c Cy-bpsS cmjv{Sob cwK-p-mb hnImk ]cn-Wm-a--sf-p-dnv hnhn[ hmb\m-km-a-{Kn-I-fn \nv hnh-c- tiJ-cn-p--Xn-\pw Ipdn-p-I Xm-dm-p--Xn-\pw.

]-io-e-X-Xzw, tNcn-tN-cm-\-bw, hnhn-[-cm-Py--fpambp-ff _- XpSn `mc-Xns hntZ-i\-b-hp-ambn _-s Imcy- hnhn[ hmbm\m kma-{Kn-I-fn \nv hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \Sn
skan-\m t] Xm-dm-p--Xn-\v.

hnhn[ temI-kw-L-S-\-I-fn CybpsS ]m-fn--sp-dnv hnhn[ hmb-\m-km-a-{Kn-I-fn \nv

hnh-c- tiJ-cnv [mcW t\Sp--Xn-\v.

t]mp-Ko-kp-Im, Up-Im XpS-nb bqtdm-]y-m-cpsS BK-a-\-s-p-dnpw Ahs-Xnsc \S

sNdpp \nn-s\-p-dnpw hnh-c- tiJ-cn-p--Xn\pw tiJ-cn hnh-c-sf Bkv]-Z-amn
Ipdn-p-I, ^vtfmNmp-I Fnh \nan-p--Xn\pw.

t]mp-Ko-kv, Up-_w tIc-f-ns km-nI kmwkvIm-cnI taJ-e-I-fn sNep-nb kzm[o\-s-p-dnv hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \Sn \nK-a-\- cq]o-I-cn-p--Xn\v.

tIcfob kmaqlyPohnXs ]ptcmKXnbn tev \bnpXn\v \thmm\ \mbI hln

]ns\pdnv hnhctiJcWw \Sn teJ\, ]Xnv, B_w FnhbneqsS
BhnjvcnpXn\v

60

tIcfnse tZiobkzmX{ykac {]m\n\v Duw \Inb ham\ ]{Xsfpdnv

hnhcw tiJcnpXn\v. kmaqly]ptcmKXnbn ham\]{X hlnp ]v hnebncpn
teJ\w XbmdmpXn\v.

kmaq-lo-I-cW {]{In-bsb Ipdnpw _mey-Ime kmaq-lo-I-c-Ww, Iuamc kmaq-lo-I-c-Ww, XpSbmb kmaq-lo-I-cWw Fn-h-sb-p-dnpw ]pkvX-I-hm-b-\-bn-eqsS hnh-c- tiJ-cn-p--Xn\pw
N sNbvXv Ipdnv Xbm-dm-p--Xn-\pw

kmaq-lo-I-cW {]{In-b-bnse hnhn[ GP knI-sf-p-dnv (IpSpw-_w, hn-Zym-`ymk m]-\-

,am[y-a-, aXw XpS-nb-h) hnhn[ hmb\mkma-{Kn-I-fn \npw A`n-ap-J-, \S-nbpw hnhc- tiJ-cnv N-If-- n {]I-Sn-n-p--Xn-\v.

P\m-[n-]-X-y-s-p-dn-p \n-N-\- hmb-\m-km-a-{Kn-I-fn \npw tiJ-cnv hne- bn-cp-p-Xn\pw khn-ti-j-X-I]n-I-s-Sp-p--Xn\pw hnhn[ cmPy--fn \ne-\n-n-cp P\m-[n-]Xy `cW
k{-Zm-b--sf-p-dnv hnhcw tiJ-cnv N sNp--Xn\pw {]XyP\m-[n-]Xyw, {]mXn-\n[y
P\m-[n-]Xyw Fn-h-sb-p-dnv Ipdnv Xbm-dm-p--Xn-\pw.

a\p-jym-h-Im-i-fpw AXns kwc--W-hp-ambn _-sv hnhn[ t{kmX-p-I-fn \nv hnh-cti-J-cWw \S-p--Xn\pw NI-fnepw kwhm-Z--fnepw ]s-Spp-Xn\pw a\p-jym-h-Imiw
Fsv \n-Nn-p--Xn-\pw

bp F Nm-, a\p-jym-h-Im-i- {]Jym-]-\w, a\p-jym-h-Im-i- kwc-n-p--Xn\pff av Amcmjv{S {ia Fn-hsb kw_-nv hmb\m kma-{Kn-I-fn \npw kn.Un tdmap-I-fn \npw
hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \Sn [mcW t\Sp--Xn-\v, a\p-jym-h-ImiXnv Xbm-dm-p--Xn-\v.

kwm\tZ-iob a\p-jym-h-Imi Io-j\pI-fpsS {]h-\-sfpdnv ]{X-am-[y-a--fn \nv

hnhcw tiJ-cnv hnhn[ coXn-bn Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xn-\v.-

temI-am-\h hK--sf-p-dnpw Ah-bpsS hnX-c-W-s-p-dnpw hmb-\m-km-a-{Kn-I, Cs\v

Fn-h-bn-eqsS hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \S-p--Xn\pw tiJ-cn hnh-c-sf ASn-m-\-amn t{]mP-IvpI Xbm-dm-p--Xn-\pw.

tZiob AtZ-iob Xe-n \S-p tZim-cKa-\-s-p-dnpw AXn\p Imc-W-am-Ip LSI--sf-p-dnpw dntmp-I, nXn-hn-h-c--W-p-I, av hmb\mkma-{Kn-I Fn-h-bn-eqsS
hnh-c-ti-JcWw \Sn skan-\m-dp-I, N-I Fn-h-bn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xn-\pw.

a\p-jy\pw kap-{Zhpw Xn-ep _-sbpw kap-{Z- a\pjy Pohn-X-n sNep-p kzm[o\-s-bpw- Ip-dnv hmb\mkma-{Kn-I, Zriy--{imhy am[y-a- Fn-h-bn-eqsS hnhcw tiJ-cn-p-Xn\pw tiJ-cn hnh-c- t{]mP-IvSv, N Fn-h-bn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xn-\pw.

Ave-kv, `q]-S-, hmb-\m-km-a-{Kn-I Fn-h-bn-eqsS kap-{Z-P-e-ns khn-ti-j-X-I-sf-p-dnpw

hnhn[ Ne-\--sf-p-dnpw Ah ]cn-n-Xn-bn hcp-p am--sf-p-dnpw hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \Sp--Xn\pw Nmp-I, t{]mP-Ivv, N-I Fn-h-bn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xn\pw {]mtbm-KnI
Pohn-X-n Ch-bpsS {]k-n-sb-p-dn-p kwhm-Z--fn Gs-Sp--Xn-\pw.

Zriy--{imhy am[y-a-, hmb-\m-km-a-{Kn-I Fn-h-bn-eqsS `qJ cq]o-I-c-Ws kw_-n

hnhn[ knm-- At\z-jn--dn-bp--Xn\pw ]pXnb knm---fpsS km[y-Xsbpdnv A\pIqe at\m-`mhw {]I-Sn-n-p--Xn-\pw.

A`n-ap-J-, imkv{X kmt-XnI m]-\-, ayqkn-b- Fn-h-bn-te-p ki-\w,

Cs\v Fn-h-bn-eqsS hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \Sn `qan-imkv{X ]T-\-n hnZqckwth-Z-\-ns
{]kn a\-n-em-p--Xn\pw hnZqckwth-Z\ kmt-XnI hnZy-bn Ah-ew-_n-p coXn-I-sf-pdnpw D]-I-c-W--sf-p-dnpw [mcW t\Sp--Xn\pw `q]-c-amb hnh-c- Imem-\p-kr-X-ambpw hyambpw tiJ-cn-pXn hnZqc-kw-th-Z-\-ns ]v Is-p--Xn\pw `qan-imkv{X]T\w IqSpX imkv{Xo-bhpw kaqlKn-bp-am-pXn\v imkv{Xkmt-XnItaJ-e-I-fpsS hnImkw D]-tbmK-s-Sp-p--Xn-\p A\p-Iqe at\m-`mhw {]I-Sn-n-p--Xn-\pw.

hmb-\m-km-a-{Kn-I, Cs\v Fn-h-bn-eqsS hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \Sn `qhn-hc hyh(GIS)bpsS

{]kn a\-n-em-p--Xn\pw temI-nse kakvX taJ-e-I-fn-sebpw kw`-h-fpw {]Xn-`m-k-

61

fpw m\o-b-ambn tcJ-s-Sp-p--Xn\pw Ch-bpsS hni-I-e-\-n-eqsS hnhn[ {]tZ-i--fp-sSbpw

hn`-h--fp-sSbpw Imem-\p-kr-X-amb {]h-W-X-I Is-p--Xn\pw am\-h-cm-in-bpsS \ne-\n-]n\v
klm-b-I-amw-hn-[-n-ep ZoLhoW{]h-\--fn Gs-Sp--Xn\pw klm-b-I-am-Wn-sXv
Isn Cu hnZy kzmb--am-p--Xn-ep A\p-Iqe at\m-`mhw {]I-Sn-n-p--Xn-\pw.
z

hmb\mkma-{Kn-I, Zriy-am-[y-a-, ]T-\-bm-{X-I, Ave-kp-I Fn-h-bpsS klm-b-tmsS

CybpsS `uXnIhn`m-K
-- , A]-hm-lw, Imem-h-, av Ch-bm krjvSn--s ss\kKnI
kky-Pm-e- Fn-h-sb-p-dn-p hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \S-p--Xn\pw tiJ-cn hnh-c-sf `q]-S, amXrI-I Fn-h-bn-eqsS {]Zin-n-p--Xn\pw t{]mP-Ivp-I-fn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xn-\pw.

Cy-bn e`y-am-bn-p {]IrXn hn`-h-sfpdnpw Ch-bp-sS hnX-c-Ww, D]-tbm-K-{I-aw, A]-Nbw, kwc--W-ns A\n-hm-cyX Fn-h-sb-p-dnv nXn hnh-c-W-p-I, dntmp-I,
Av-e-kp-I Fn-h-bn-eqsS hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \Sn tiJ-cn hnh-c--fpsS ASn-m-\-n skan\m-dp-I, N-I, amXrI-I Fn-h-bn-eqsS Bhn-jvI-cn-p--Xn-\pw.

ImjnI nXnhnh-c-W-p-I, dntmp-I, A`n-ap-Jw, ]T-\-bm-{X-I Fn-h-bn-eqsS CybpsS ImjnI ]cn-n-Xn, ImjnI khn-ti-j-X-I, hnhn[ Xcw hnf-I Fn-h-sb-p-dnv hnhc-ti-J-cWw \S-p--Xn\pw Cy-bnse ImjnI {]iv\- At\z-jn--dnv \nK-a-\- cq]s-Sp-p--Xn\pw, tiJ-cn hnh-c-sf ASn-m-\-amn t{]mP-Ivp-I, `q]-S-, ImjnI Ie-dp-I Fnh \nan-p--Xn-\pw.

\psS cmPy-n e`y-am-bn-p [mXpDuP hn`h, Ah-bpsS hnX-c-Ww, Nqj-Ww, Cy

k-ZvL-S-\-bn Ch-bpsS {]m[m\yw Fn-h-sb-p-dnv hmb-\m-km-a-{Kn-I, nXn-hn-h-cW-pI XpS-n-b-h-bn-eqsS hnhn-c-ti-J-cWw \Sn `q]-S-, t{]mP-Ivp-I Fn-h-bn-eqsS Bhnjv-cn-p--Xn-\pw.

dntmp-I, nXn-hn-h-cW-p-I, Cb_pp-I Fn-h-bn-eqsS Cy hyh-kmbcwKs

hfmhnIm-k-s-p-dnv hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \S-p--Xn\pw Chbvv \nZm-\--fmb `qan-im-kv{XL-S-I--sf-p-dnv \nK-a-\--fn Fn-t-cp--Xn-\pw, Ch hni-I-e\w sNbvXv skan-\m-dp-I, NI Fn-h-bn-eqsS Bhn-jvI-cn-p--Xn-\pw.

Cy-bpsS P\-kwJy ap cmPy--fp-ambn nXn hnh-cW-p-I-fpsS ASn-m-\-n Xmc-Xayw

sNbvXv dntmv Xbm-dm-p--Xn-\v.

P\-kwJym h-\hv Cy-bnepw tIc-f-nepw Hcp Xmc-Xay]T\w \Sn Ipdnv Xbm-dm-p-Xn\v.

B\p-Im-enI {]kn-o-I-c-W-, hnhn[ hmb\m kma-{Kn-I Fn-h-bn\npw s]mXp-[-\-Imcyw, s]mXp-[-\-Im-cy-L-S-I- Fn-hsbn hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \S-n- Ip-dn-p-I Xbm-dm-p-Xn-\v.

hnhn[ am[y-a--fn\nv _P-n-s\-p-dnv hnh-c- tiJ-cn-p--Xn\pw nXn hnh-c-W-p-IfpsS ASn-m-\-n _P-ns\ Ah-tem-I\w sNp--Xn\v, \nK-a-\- cq]-s-Sp-p--Xn\v;
Khsans [\-Im-cy-\-bs (Fiscal Policy) pdnv [mcW t\Sp--Xn\v.

hnhn[ hmb\mkma-{Kn-I, kn.Un tdmw Fn-h-bn\npw Am-cmjv{S km-nI m]-\-fmb

(IMF, W.B, W.T.O, A.D.B) Fn-h-sb-p-dnpw Cu m]-\--fpsS {]h-\-fpw ey-fpw
Isn Ipdn-p-I Xm-dm-p--Xn\v.

tZiobhcp-am\w IW-m-p hnhn[ coXn-I-sf-p-dnv [mcW t\Sp--Xn-\v, tZiobhcp-am\w IWm-p--Xn-\p _pn-ap-p-Ifpw N sNbvXv \nK-a-\- cq]-s-Spn Ah-X-cn-n-p--Xn\v.

_nkn-\v m]-\-nse hc-hv--sN-e-hv- I-W-p-I tcJ-s-Sp-p Iymjv _p-ns {]m[m\yw, tcJ-s-Sp- Fnh-sb-p-dnv [mcW t\Sp-Xn\v; kvIqfnse hnhn[ km-nI {]h\-sf Auv sNp--Xn\v; ssZ\wZn\ Pohn-X-n CXns {]m[m\yw Xncn--dn-bp--Xn-\v.

62

Nnm-{]-{In-b-I
1

Retrieves/recollects /retells information

Readily makes connections to new information based on past experience and formulates initial
ideas/ concepts.

Detects similarities and differences

Classifies/categories/ organises information appropriately

Translates/ Transfer knowledge/ understanding and applies them in new situations

Establishes cause- effect relationship

Makes connection/ relates prior knowledge to new information/applies reasoning and draw
inferences.

Communicates knowledge/understanding through different media

Imagines/ fantasises/designs/predicts based on received information.

10

Judges/appraises/evaluates the merits or demerits of an idea/ develops own solutions to a problem.

63

tkmjy kbkv
mtUUv X

kv t Im 100

kabw 2 aWn- q
\ntZi-
$ Fm tNmZy-pw D-c-sa-gp-X-Ww.
$ Hmtcm tNmZy-hp-ambn _-s \ntZ-i- hmbnp a\-n-emn thWw D-c-sa-gp-Xm.
$ Hmtcm tNmZy-n-\p-ap kvtIm AXXp tNmZy-n-\p- t\tc \evIn-bn-cn-p-p.
1.

"kqbkv I\m {]Xn-kn Am-cmjv{S cmjv{Sob cwKv tkmhn-bv bqWn-bs Apw kzm[o\hpw Gsd Dbn-mn' Cu {]kvXm-h-\-tbmSv \n Fs\ {]Xn-I-cn-p-p?
(4)

2.

ISshw ipo-I-cnv IpSn-sh-a-- m-m-\p Hcp ]-Xnv tIcfm Kh-s v cq]w \Ip-pshv Icp-Xp-I. CXn-\mbn kap-{Z-Pe tkzZ-\w, sshZypXhnt-jWw Fo cv amK- \ne-hnepv. CXn GXv amK-amWv \n \nt-in-p-Xv? Fp-sImv?
(5)

3.

"apX-em-fn--ns sshI-ey-fpw sshcp-[y--fp-amWv sXmgn-emfn kwL-S-\-I-fpsS DZ-b-n\v

Imc-W-ambXv'. Cu {]kvXm-h-\bvv \nZm-\-amb hkvXp-X-I Is-p-I.
(4)

4.

hnt\mZ km-c-th-f-bn Hcp e-s-n--b-tm Zmap Iqp-Im-c-t\mSv Cs\ A`n-{]m-b-sp

"Cu {]tZiw nXn-sN-p-Xv ^e-I-ko--a-bn-emWv'. Zmap Cs\ Hcp \nK-a-\-n-se-n-bXv Fns
ASn-m-\-n-em-bn-cnpw?
(4)

5.

"Cy-bpsS hntZ-i-\bw sshtZ-in-I-a-. AXp ]qW-ambpw kztZ-io-bhpw Cy bmYmYy-fn thcp-d-Xp-amWv'. Cu {]kvXm-h-\-bpsS shfn--n Ata-cn--tbmSpw tkmhn-bv bqWn-bt\mSpw Cybvp-m-bn-cp _-ns hnhn[ hi- Xmc-Xayw sNp-I.
(4)

6.

(F) XpS-bmb BIm-iob Ombm-Nn-{X--fnse aqm-a-sbpw Bdm-a-sbpw Nn{X-sf tNv

"ocn-tbm-s]-b' Fv hnfn-m km[n-ptam? \n-fpsS \nK-a-\s km[q-I-cn-p-I.
(_n) BIm-iob hnZqc kwth-Z-\-w Cv hym]-Iambn D]-tbm-Kn-p-n-. CXv kqNn-n-p-Xv hnZq-ckw-th-Z-\-tm-Sp imkv{Xtem-I-ns Xm]-cy-p-d-hn-s\-bmtWm? hne-bn-cp-p-I. (5)

7.

_n.F-kv.-F.-F tZi-km-XvI-cn-pp
X{-{][m\-amb hyh-kmb kwcw-`- Kh-sns DS-a-X-bn-em-bn-cn--W-sa Ph-lem
s\lvdp-hns ImgvN-m-Sn-t\mSv apI-fnsIm-Sp-n-p ]{X-hm F{X-tmfw tbmPn-p-p.
\n-fpsS A`n-{]m-bs km[q-I-cn-p-I.
(4)

KwK
alm-\Zn

ss

em

\n

c-I

Xmsg sImSp-n-cn-p Nn{X-n sjbvUv sNbvXncnp amXrI A\p-k-cnv ap-I-f- ]qnbm-p-I.

(3)

C_v
Aa-cm
-hXn

cm-h
t
-k
am\

8.

64

9.

NphsS sImSp-n-cn-p ^vtfm Nmv ]qn-bm-p-I.

(2)

kmaq-lnI \nb-{Ww

Hu]-Nm-cnI

A\u-]-Nm-cnI

kwhn-[m-\-

kwhn-[m-\-

hnZym-ebw

10.

\mp-a-cymZ

"Cy hn`-h-' F bqWn-ns\ Bkv]-Z-amn Hcp {Kqv Xbm-dm-nb ]n-I-bmWv Nph-sS-sImSp-n-p-Xv. ]n-I-bnse hnh-c
-- sf Cy-bpsS `q{]-Ir-Xn-bp-ambn _-s-Sp-n-bm Fn-tcm-hp \nK-a-\- Fsmw?
(5)

kwm-\-

[mXp-hn-`-h-
Ccp--bncv

Irjn

amwK-\okv

I-cn

tKmXv

hyh-kmbw
tNmfw

Ccp--bncv

]m_v
alm-cmjv{S
_olm
Oo-kvKUv
Hdok
a[y-{]-tZiv

11.

t_mIvkn sImSp-n-p hnh-c- Ds-Spn "ssSw sse' ]qn-bm-p-I. "ssSwsse'

hni-I-e\w sNbvXm Fn-t-cp \nK-a\w Fm-Wv?
(6)
1993

1948
1945

1789
1689
1215
12.

{^v a\p-jym-h-Imi {]Jym-]\w

Cw-nse Ah-Imi DS-Sn
BtKmf a\p- j ym--h - I mi {]Jym]\w
amm-Im
sFIy-cmjv{S k`-bpsS cq]o-I-cWw
a\p-jym-h-Imi kwc-W \nbaw

NphsS kqNn-n-n-p `qhn-h-c-sf \np \Inbn-p Cy-bpsS cq]-tc-J-bn AS-bm-fs-Sp-p-I.

(F)

`nembn

(_n)

Xqp-pSn

(kn)

Bc-hn

(Un)

alm-\Zn

(C)

_wKm D-S apX lnam-ebw hsc hym]n-n-cn-p kwm\w

(F^v)

ZnW sdbnsh-bpsS Bm\w

(4)

65

13.

"sImtfm-Wn-b `c-W-Im-ev tIc-f-n `tymXv]m-Z\w KWy-ambn Ipd-bp-Ibpw \mWy-hn-f-IfpsS DXv]m-Z\w hn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp'. Cu kml-N-cy-ns ]nnse hkvXpX ]cn-tim-[n-pI.
(4)

14.

Cy-bpsS s]mXp-ISw A\p-Zn\w hn-p-h-cp-p. CXn NphsS kqNn-n-n-p LS-I--fpsS

kzm[o\w F{X-tm-f-ap-sv hni-I-e\w sNpI.
$

hntZ-i-hym-]mcw

P\-kwJy

P\-t-a-{]-h-\-

{]Xn-tcm[w
OR

\n-fpsS ]m-b-ns hnI-k\ ]Xn Bkq-{XWw sNp--Xn\v Hcp P\-kwJym IW-s-Spv

\S-p-hm Xocp-am-\n-p. CXn-\mbn Fsms hnh-c--fmWv tiJ-cn-t-Xv? Bh-iy-amb hnhc- e`n-p--Xn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb Hcp kt t^mdw Xbm--dm-p-I.
(8)
15.

Hpw cpw temI-a-lm-bp--Im-ev Htc tNcn-bn \np-Ibpw X{-{]-[m\-amb AtZ-inb

{]iv\--fn kam-\-amb [mc-W-bn FpIbpw sNbvX tkmhn-bv bqWn-b-\pw Ata-cn-bpw
ioX-k-a-c-n-tes-Sm\p-mb kml--Ncyw hne-bn-cp-p-I.
(4)

16.

_mep-hns _nkn-\kv m]-\-nse Hcp amks CS-]m-Sp-I-fmWv Iymjv _pn tcJ-s-Spn-bn-p--Xv. tcJ-s-Sp- ]cn-tim-[nv sXp-s-n Xncpn Hcp Iymjv _pv Xbm-dm-p-I.
(4)
sU_nv
XobXn

CS]m-Sp-I

XpI

XobXn

apn-cnv

4,500

2006 P\p 2

tem FSpp

20,000

P\p 5

km[-\- hnp

1,500

P\p 10

In-j e`np

1,000

P\p 6

]eni \In

600

P\p 15

km[-\- hmn

P\p 22

km[--\- hnp

1,800

P\p 25

Iqen \In

P\p 28

^Wn hmn

1,200

P\p 31

\on-bn-cnv

27,000

BsI

36,600

2006 P\p 1

17.

18.

s{IUnv
CS]m-Sp-I

BsI

XpI

15,000
600

36,600

"F' tImf-n sImSp-n-phtbmSv Ghpw A\p-tbm-Py-am-bh _n, kn tImf--fn \nv FSps-gp-Xp-I.

(6)
F

_n

kn

sk v Psabv

t]mMymMv

s_t{KUv

djy

]-kmc Inw

anssk {]Xn-kn

t]mSvkv Umw

1961

kntbm

bqtKm-m-hnb

\qX\ km-nI \bw

se\n

sIUn

Hmw temI alm-bpw

Pm-\n \ncm-bp-[o-I-cWw

sImdnb

bp-Ime Iayq-Wnkw

Bkv{Sn-b--lw-Kdn

temI-ns hnhn[-`m-K--fn \npw \n_-nX IpSn-tb---sf-p-dn-p \nc-h[n hm-I

]{Xfn-eqsS \mw Adn-bp-p-v. Ccw IpSn-tb--fpw AhbpsS Imc-W-fpw Ds-Spn
Hcp ]nI Xbm-dm-p-I.
(4)

66

19.

Av ew Cdm-JnI bp-s-Sp-XnIv Cc-bmIpw

bqWnsk^v

nI-a y{
f Bm-tcm-K
s
I
-{Xn temI
]
p
temI-n-e-s\-Xn-cmb bpw
Bi-cpXv .
kam-[m-\-Imw-n-I `b w-L-S-\
s- S p- - X p- t ]mse Xs
k
kw`-hn-p. Cdm-n AtashSn-\nen\v cn bpw XpSn
km[y-X-bn

Cu ]{X--hm-I-fpsS ]m--e-n sFIy-cmjv{S kwL-S\ t\cn-Sp {]Xn-k-n-I hni-Ie\w sNp-I.

GsX-nepw \mev bp.F. GPkn-I-fpsS {]h-\- ka-Im-enI temI ]m--e-n
hne-bn-cp-p-I.
OR

cmw temI-a-lm-bp--n\v apv Pa-\n-b \mkn-khpw C-en-bn ^mkn-khpw A[n-Im-c-nse-p--Xn\v thgvkmbn kn-bnse hyh--I Imcy-amb ]p-h-ln-n-ptm? \n-fpsS \nK-a\s km[q-I-cn-p-I.
(8)
20.

F, _n tImf--fn \In-bn-p Pe {]hm-l--fn \nv Hp-hoXw sXc-s-Spq. Ah XmcXayw sNbvXv A-ap GsX-nepw cv kam-\-X-I-fpw, cv sshPm-Xy-fpw Fgp-Xp-I.
(5)
F

_n

Iptdm-jntbm

em{_-tUm

K^v kv{Sow

Im\-dokv

Hbm-jnt-bm

AKplmkv

21.

Hcp tI{o-IrX `c-W-k-{-Zm-b-ns A`mhw a[y-Ime tIc-f-n hnhn[ A[n-Im-c--S-hp-I

krjvSn-p--Xn\v Imc-W-ambXv Fn-s\-sbv ]cntim-[n-p-I.
(4)

22.

3 ew cq] hne-bp Hcp hml\w Hcp hjw D]-tbm-Kn-p. 1,10,000 cq] hcp-am-\p-m-n. Hcp
hjs D]-tbm-K-n-\p-tijw hml\w hn-tm 2,35,000 cq] e`n-p.
{]kvXm-h-\sb ASn-m-\-amn NphsS sImSp-n-p tNmZy-v D-c-sa-gp-Xp-I.
(F)

sam-h-cp-am\w F{X?

(_n) A-h-cp-am\w F{X?

(kn)

tXbvam\w F{X?

(3)

67

CLUSTER OF UNITS
SS I
Area

SS II

Units

Area

Units

1,2,3,4,5

2.

6,7

3.

8,9,10

11

12,13

5,6,7

9,10,11

12

WEIGHTAGE TO AREAS (Cluster of Units)

SS I

SS II

Area

Score

Area

Score

20

10

12

12

Weightage to type of questions

Sl.No.

Type of Questions

SS I

SSII

Total score

Percentage

Score

1.

Objective type

11

26

26

2.

Short answer type

25

18

40

40

3.

Essay type

14

18

26

26

4.

Map work

50

50

100

100

Total

68

tkmjy kbkv I

Short Ans.

Essay

Others

Total score

Time (mts)

Unit/ COs

Objective

Sl.No

BLUE PRINT
Std IX

1(5)

2(7)

1(8)

4(20)

32

SS I
1.

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,11,14

2.

28, 29

3.

36,37,38,39,40,41,45,46

1(5)

54,55

1(5)

64,65,66,67

1(5)

1(6)

1(6)

3(12)

18

1(5)

1(2)

2(7)

10

1(4)

1(4)

1(5)

2(10)

15

1(4)

1(4)

2(7)

SS II
1

1,2

4,5

7,8

1(2)

1(3)

3(12)

18

9,10,11,12,13

1(4)

1(4)

1(4) 3(12)

18

15,16,17

1(3)

1(3)

19,20,21,24

1(8)

12

29

1(4)

1(4)

7(29) 12(43) 3(22)

1(6) 23(100) 150

1(5)

1(8)

69

tkmjy kbkv
mtUUv X

kv t Im 100
kabw 2 aWn- q

aqey-\nWb kqN-I
-
\w.
1

kvtIm

BsI
kvtIm

kqbkv I\m {]Xn-kn hnh-cWw

C{k-tb CuPn]vXv B{I-aWw
Am-cmjv{S cwKv {]Xn-kn ({_n-, {^mkv, djy)
tkmhn-bv bqWn-bs \ne-]mSv km{am-PyXz in-Isf bp-n
\nv ]nn-cn-bm klm-bn-p.
ioX-k-a-c-n\v Bw Iqn
\nK-a-\-n-se-n-t-cp--Xn\v

kap-{Z-P-e-tkz-Z-\w sshZypX hnt-jWw Fnh hn-h-cn-p--Xn\v

kap-{Z-Pe tkzZ-\w sa-s amKw Fv thXn-cn--dn-bp--Xn\v.
ImcWw ImWn-p--Xn-\v.

2
1
2

apX-em-fn--ns kz`mhw hy-am-p--Xn\v

hnhn[ sXmgn-emfn kwL-S-\-I Nqn-m-Wn-p--Xn\v
]c-kv]-c-_w Isn \nK-a-\-nsep-Xn\v

1
2
1

^e-I-N-e-\--fpsS ^e-ambn cq]w sImf-fp `qcq-]--sftbm

`ua-{]-h\--sftbm thXn-cn--dn-bp--Xn\v
(G-sX-nepw \msew Fgp-Xp--Xn-\v)

Cy-bpsS hntZ-i-\bw (tN-cn-tN-cm-\-bw) hy-am-p--Xn\v

Ata-cn--tbmSpw djy-tbm-Sp-ap-ff kaZq-c-Im-gvN-mSv
Xmc-Xayw sNp--Xn\v

1
2
1

F. km[n-n Fv Is-p---Xn\v
ocntbm s]b Fm-sWv Xncn---dn-bp--Xn\v

1
1

_n. BImi hnZq-c-kw-th-Z-\-ns GsX-nepw cp ]cn-an-Xn-I

Fgp-Xp--Xn-\v. D]-{K-l-kw-th-Z-\-ns km[yX hZn-p-h-cpp
Fv \nK-a\w cq]-s-Sp-p--Xn-\v.

2
1

A-`n-{]m-b-n\v
DZm-l-cW-n\v
Fp-sImv Fv Fgp-Xp--Xn\v

1
1
2

GsX-nepw Hcp t]m-I-\Zn A\p-tbm-Py-amb tImf--fn

AS-bm-f-s-Sp-p--Xn-\v.
( kvtIm hoXw)
Imth-cn, KwK Fn-h-bpsS DZv`-h-m-\- Xncn-dnv
ASbmf-s-Sp-p--Xn-\v.
( kvtIm hoXw)
Imth-cn, knp Fo \Zn-I Xncn--dnv
tcJ-s-Sp-p--Xn-\v.
( kvtIm hoXw)
Hu]-Nm-cnI kwhn-[m-\-.
t]meo-kv, tImS-Xn, Pbn Ch-bn csw Fgp-Xp--Xn\v
( kvtIm hoXw)

70

1
1
1

aqey-\nWb kqN-I
-
\w.

A\u-]-Nm-cnI kwhn-[m-\- \nb-aw, _e-{]-tbm-Kw, Hu]-Nm-cn-I-in

Ch-bn csw Fgp-Xp--Xn\v
( kvtIm hoXw)

kvtIm

BsI
kvtIm

Xn-p-ff kwm-\-sf `q{]-Ir-Xn-b-\p-k-cnv Xncn--dn-bp--Xn\v

[mXp-hn-`-h- D]-Zzo-]ob ]oT-`q-an, Irjn D-c-a-lm-k-a-X-e--fn
Ch Xncn--dn-bp--Xn\v
[mXp-hn-`-h--fpsS \nt-]-ap-ff D]-Zzo-]mb ]oT-`qan Ccp-p-cpp
hyh-kmbw tI{o-I-cn-n-cn-pp Fv Xncn--dn-bp--Xn-\v.

11

1215 amm-Im
1689 Cw-nse a\p-jym-h-Imi DS-Sn
1789 {^p a\p-jym-h-Imi {]Jym-]\w
1945 sFIy-cmjv{S kwL-S\ cq]o-I-cWw
1948 BtKmf a\p-jym-h-Imi {]Jym-]\w
1993 a\p-jym-h-Imi kwc-W \nbaw
\nK-a-\-n-se-p--Xn-\v.

12

Hmtcm `phn-`-h-fpw icn-bmb `q]-S-n

tcJ-s-Sp-p--Xn\v
( kvtIm hoXw)
kqN-\-I Hmtcmpw GXv `qhn-`m-Ks kqNn-n-p-p-shv
Xncn--dn-bp--Xn\v
( kvtIm hoXw)

10

13

14

15

16

17

2
1

tIc-f-nse hnZym-`ym-k-ta-Je t\cn-Sp {]iv\-

Is-nbnps-n (G-sX-nepw cs-w)
Is-nb {]iv\-v {]mtbm-KnI \ntZiw \In-bn-p-s-n

2
3

tZiob hcp-am-\-ns a-K-Xn-bn-ep-ff hf

P\-kw-Jym-h-\hv Fv Is-p--Xn\v
kmaq-ly-t-a-{]-h-\-
{]Xn-tcm[ (ssk-\n-I) sNe-hn-ep-m-Ip h-\hv
Cu Bi-b--fn A[n-jvTn-X-amb \nK-a\w cq]-s-Sp-p--Xn\v

2
2
2
2
2

apX-em-fn- tkmjy-env Bi-b--fpsS Bhn`m-h-n\v hgn-sX-fn

kml-N-cy- hy-am-p--Xn-\v.
k-am-\-amb DZm-l-c-W- Nqn-m-Wn-p--Xn\v

2
2

sU_n-v, {IUnv tImf-- Xncn--dnv IrXy-ambn

tcJ-s-Sp-p--Xn\v
( kvtIm hoXw)
BsI XpI IrXy-am-p--Xn\v
\on-bn-cnv IW-m-p--Xn\v

B
Hmw temI-a-lm-bpw
bp-Ime I-yq-Wnkw
1945
1961
]m-km-c-nw
t]ymMv bmMv

C
Bkv{Snb, lwKdn
se\n
Pm-\n \ncm-bp-[o-I-cWw
_t{KUv
anssk {]Xn-kn
kntbm
12 x

71

aqey-\nWb kqN-I
-
\w.

18
19

20

21

22

\n_-nX IpSn-tb--ns 4 DZm-l-c-W-fpw Ah-bpsS Imc-W-fpw

]n-I-s-Sp-p--Xn\v
(1 kvtIm hoXw)
sImfmjv
bp. F. H t\cn-Sp GsX-nepw 4 {]Xn-k-n-Iv \mev {]tXyI
GPknI-fpsS {]h\w hy-am-p--Xn\v

kvtIm

BsI
kvtIm

4
4

A, B tImf-n-tev Pe {]hm-l-sf sXsc-s-Sp-p--Xn\v

( kvtIm hoXw)
Ah-bpsS cm kam-\-X-I
tcJ-s-Sp-p--Xn\v
(1 kvtIm hoXw)
sshPmXyw tcJ-s-Sp-p--Xn\v

2
2

\mSp-hm-gn-I, tZi-hm-gn-I, Imcm-f, ASn-bm-f Ch

{Ia-s-Sp-n-bm
tI{oIrX-`-c-W-ns Bh-iy-IX hy-am-p--Xn\v

2
2

samhcpam-\w, A-h-cp-am\w, tXbvam\w Ch IW-m-p--Xn\v

(1 kvtIm hoXw)

72

Question wise analysis

Qn. No

CO

Type of Qns.

Mental
processes

Score

Time

5, 6, 7

S. A

1, 2, 3, 5, 9

4, 5

S. A

1,2,3,4,5,6,7

1, 2, 3, 4

S. A

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7

S. A

1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7

27, 28, 29

S. A

1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7

S. A

1, 2, 3,5, 6

24, 25, 26

S. A

1, 2, 3, 5, 7

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8

52, 53, 54, 55

1, 2, 3, 4

10

9, 10, 11, 12, 13

S. A

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 9

11

67, 68, 69, 70

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7

12

9, 10, 11, 12, 13

Map work

1, 2, 3, 4, 5,7,8

13

44, 45, 46

S. A

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,10

14. A

15,18

Essay

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,10

12

14. B

15, 16

Essay

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,10

--

15

13, 14, 15, 16

S. A

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7,10

16

28, 29

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7,8

17

5, 7, 12, 14, 19

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7,8

18

S. A

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,10

19. A

16, 17

Essay

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,10

12

19. B

13, 14, 15

Essay

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,10

--

20

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7

21

36, 37

S. A

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7,10

22

23, 24

1, 2, 5, 6

Total

100

150

73