B-hn-izm-k-tmsS hnPbw Fn-n-Snmw

ssI

Ifpw Im-ep-I-fp-an-m-sX-bmWv Hm-tm F- Hm-a-\-t-cne-dn-b-s-Sp- ln-tcm-m-U Hm-tm-s-bv-p

P-\n--Xv. Hm-tm P-\n--tm A-h-s ]nXm-hp am-{X-a- tUm-Iv-S-am-cpw sR-n-tmbn. Ip-n-sb A-h-s A--sb Im-Wn-phm A-h `-b-s-p. ssI-I-fpw Im-ep-Ifpw C-m- B ]n-pss]-X-en-s\ I-m
A-h-s A- lr-Z-bw X-I-p a-cn-p-t]mIp-sa-v A-h `-b-s-p.
-X-q-ew ]-e Zn-h-k- I-gn-n-m-Wv
A-h Ip-n-sb A-h-s A--sb Im-Wn-Xv. ssI-I-fpw Im-ep-I-fp-an-m- X-s ]p{X-s\ I--tm B A- ]-d-p:""kp-c-\m-b F-s s]m-p-a-I!'' A-Xn-\p-tijw X-s s]m-tm-a-\-p-{X-s\ B A-
B-th-i-]q-hw hm-cn-p-W-p.
1976 G-{]n 7-\p tSm-n-tbm-bn-em-bn-cpp Hm-tm P-\n--Xv. X--fp-sS a-I AwK-hn-lo-\-\m-bn P-\n--Xn Hm-tm-bp-sS amXm-]n-Xm--p ZpxJ-ap-m-bn-cp-p. Fm B ZpxJ-n-\-Sn-a-I-fm-bn Po-hn-msX A-Xn \n-p I-c-I-b-dm A-h ]-cn{i-an-p. A--s\-bm-Wv A-h-\p \- hn-Zym`ym-kw \-Im A-h Xo-cp-am-\n--Xv.
Hm-tm _m-e-\m-bn-cp- Im-e-v Aw-Khn-lo-\-cm-b-h-sc A-h--tbm-sS-bm-Wp Pm-\n-se P-\- ho-n-n-cp--Xv. A--

sImf-kvt{Sm km[m-cW
Af-hn-em-sW-n an{Xhpw
]cn-[n-hnp h[n-m i{Xp-hp-am-Wv.
km[m-cW Af-hn
imco-cn-Im-tcm-Ky-n\v Bh-iy-amb
Cu LSIw ]cn-[n-hnv Dbm lrZbm-Lm-Xw, kvt{Smv, s]cn-s^-d
hmkvIp-e tcmKw, ^mn enh
XpSn \nc-h[n Kpcp-X-c-amb
tcmKm-h--Ip Imc-W-am-Imw.
Db sImf-kvt{Sm aqew
[a-\n-I-fn
Pcn-Xm-h--bp-mbn Ah-bpsS
Dhymkw Ipd-bp--XmWp
ta-d Fm
tcmK--fn-sebpw ASn-m-\-{]-iv\w.-

s\-bp-f-f-h-sc ho-Sp-I-fn H-fn-n-p Xm-a-knn-p- co-Xn-bm-bn-cp-p. F-m, Hm-tmbp-sS am-Xm-]n-Xm- A-Xn-\p ap-Xn-n-.
A-Xn-\p ]-I-cw A-h-s\ kv-Iq-fn tN-p
]Tn-n-p-hm A-h Xo-cp-am-\n-p. F-m,
A-Uv-an-j-\p th-n A-h kv-Iq-fn-se-nb-tm A-[n-Im-cn-I A-h-\v A-Uv-an-j
\n-tj-[n-p. km-[m-c-W Ip-n-I-tfm-sSm-w
Aw-K-hn-lo-\-\m-b H-cp Ip-n-sb ]Tn-n-phm km-[n-n- F-m-bn-cp-p A-h-cp-sS
\n-e-]m-Sv.
a-\-kp-a-Sp-m-sX A-h a-p kv-Iq-fp-Ifn A-Uv-an-j-\v A-t]-n-p. A-h-km-\w
H-cp kv-Iq A-h-\v A-Uv-an-j- \-In. A-s\-bm-Wv Hm-tm ]Tn-p-hm Xp-S-n-bXv. ]Tn-m Hm-tm an-Sp--\m-bn-cp-p. Xq-ew, A-[ym-]-I-p A-h {]n-b--c-\mbn am-dn.
]Tn-p- Im-e-p ]T-\-n am-{X-ambn-cp-n- Hm-tm-bp-sS {i-. ssI-I-fpw Imep-I-fpw C-m-Xn-cp-n-pw Hm-tm _m-kv-I-v
t_m-fpw ^p-Sv-t_m-fpw I-fn-p. Im-ep-I-fn-mXn-cp-n-pw a--c-Hm--n-epw Hm-tm ]-sSp-p. F--s\-bm-Wv C-Xp km-[n--Xv?
ssI-I-fp-sS m-\-p A-]w \o- ap-gt]m-se-bp-v. A-h D-]-tbm-Kn-p _m-kv-Iv t_m {Sn-_n sN-p-hm Hm-tm ]Tnp. A-h-sIm-p ]-p ]m-kv sN-p-hm-\pw

Hm-tm-bv-p km-[n-p.
Hm-tm-bp-sS Im-en-s `m-K-pw A-]w
\o- ap-g-t]m-se-bp-v. A-h D-]-tbm-Kn-p
^p-Sv-t_m I-fn-p-hm-\pw Hm-tm ]Tn-p.
\n-e-p Iq-sS \n-c-n-bm-Wv Hm-tm a--cHm---fn ]-s-Sp--Xv. ssl-kv-Iq ]T\w hn-P-b-I-c-am-bn ]q-n-bm-n-b ti-jw
P-m-\n-se {]-kn--am-b h-km-Z bq-Wn-thgv-kn-n-bn tN-p km--n-I-im-kv-{Xn Hm-tm _n-cp-Zw t\-Sn.
A-Xn-\p-ti-jw H-cp kv-Iq-fn A-mw-m-

Nnmhnjbw
^m. tPmkv ]mwsXmnbn

kv hn-Zym-Yn-I-sf ]Tn-n-p. A-sX-p-Sp X-s B--I-Y F-gp-Xn {]-kn-o-I-cnp. "t\m-_-Un Cu-kv t]-s^-Iv-Sv' F-
t]-cn 1998- ]p-d-n-d-n-b Cu B-I-Y hn-]-\-bp-sS Im-cy-n h-hn-P-bam-bn-cp-p. Z-i-e---W-n-\p tIm-n-I
hn--gn--s- Cu ]p-kv-X-Iw C-tm-gpw Pm-\n-se s_-v-sk--dp-I-fp-sS ap-]-nbn-em-Wv.
hn-I-emw-K-pw Aw-K-hn-lo-\-p-sam-

s G-sd B-th-i-hpw {]-Xo--bpw ]-Ip \-In-b Hm-tm-bp-sS Po-hn-X-I-Y A-Sp Im-e-p kn-\n-a-bp-sS cq-]-n ]p-dp-h-n-p-v. Pm--\o-kv `m-j-bn- \n-ann-cn-p- Cu kn-\n-a-bn Hm-tm F- IYm-]m-{X-s A-h-X-cn-n-n-cn-p--Xv Hmtm X-s-bm-Wv. Hm-tm A-mw-m-kv hnZym-Yn-I-sf ]Tn-n- Im-e-L--s B-kv]-Z-am-n-bm-Wv Cu kn-\n-a {]-[m-\-am-bpw
cq-]-I-]-\ sN-bv-Xn-cn-p--Xv. B--I-Ybp-sS t]-cm-b "t\m-_-Un Cu-kv t]-s^Iv-Sv' F- t]-cn-X-s-bm-Wp kn-\n-a-bpw
\n-an-n-cn-p--Xv.
Aw-K-hn-lo-\-\m-sW-n-epw A-sX-p-dnp hn-e-]n-p k-a-bw I-f-bm- a-l-\o-bam-b hy-n-Xz-n-s D-S-a-bm-Wv Hm-tm.
G-Xp {]-Xn-k-n-sb-bpw H-cp ]p-n-cn-tbmsS t\-cn-Sm-sa- \n-e-]m-Sm-Wv A-t-l-nt-Xv. -Hm-tm-bp-sS B--I-Y hm-bn-p-h-v H-cp ]-cm-Xn am-{X-ta-bp-q. A-Xm-bXv, X-s ZpxJ--sfm-pw Hm-tm X-s B-I-Y-bn hn-h-cn-p-n--s{X!
ssI-I-fpw Im-ep-I-fp-an-m-sX P-\n- Hmtm-bp-sS Zp:Jw \-ap-p `m-h-\ sN-m-hp-tX-bp-q. F-m, Hm-tm Nn-n--Xp X-\np- t]m-cm-bv-a-I-sf-p-dn-m-bn-cp-n-.
A-h-sb-p-dn-tm-v A-t-lw A-[n-Iw
I-c--Xp-an-. A-Xn-\p-]-I-cw, Xm A-`n-

sImf-kvt{Sm NnIn--bn A_p-Z-km-[y-Xtbm?

y-bpsS sImf-kvt{Sm Xe-m\w tIcfw

BsWp ]d-m AZv`p-X-s-tS-. Chn-sSbp AXp iX-am-\-tmfw Bfp-I-fpsS sImfkvt{Sm-fns Afhp ]cn[n ewLn-n-cn-p-p-shv
Cub-Spp \S ]T-\- shfn-s-Sp-p-p. tI-cf-ns Fd-Wm-Ip-f-amWp sImf-kvt{Sm tI{w.
Fm IrXy-ambn NnIn tXSp--h-cpsS Fw
shdpw Ap iX-am-\-n-sem-Xp-p-p. Hcp Znhkw
ae-bmfn `n-p-Xp 5000 S amwk-am-Wv. Cybn
Ghpw A[nIw amwkw Ign-p--h sImp tIc-fnse \ Xs.
Ign cp Zi-I-nse Ncn{Xw t\mp-I-bm-sWn Bbm-k-ap tPmen sNp ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS
Fw Ipdp hcp-p. Cu kml-N-cy-n lrt{ZmKhpw ap Pohn-X-ssi-eo-tcm-K-fpw ChnsS IpXn-pb-cp-p. hnI-e-amb Pohn-X--`--W-{I-a-sf {Inbm-I-ambn \nb-{n-p--Xn\p ]Icw \ acp-pIp ]pdsI s\tm--tam-Sp-I-bm-Wv. Fpw NnInnp t`Z-am-m-sa-mWp ae-bm-fnbpsS [mc-W. Atacn--bn 10-12 hb-kp-ff Ipn-Ihsc sImf-kvt{Sm
Ipd-bvm-\p Huj-[--sf-Sp-p-p.
sImf-kvt{Sm-fns LS-\-sbbpw AXp lrZ-b-[-a-\nI-fn Dm-p LS-\m-hy-Xn-bm-\--sfbpw sImfkvt{Sm Ipd-bp-tm lrt{Zm-K-km-[yX Ipd-bp--Xn-

ap-Jo-I-cn-p- {]-Xn-k-n-I-sf F--s\

t\-cn-Sm-sa-m-bn-cp-p.
\-ap-pw th--Xv C-Xp-t]m-se H-cp at\m-`m-h-am-Wv. Po-hn-X-n-se sh-p-hn-fn-Isf-bpw {]-Xn-k-n-I-sf-bpw ss[-cy-]q-hw
t\-cn-Sp- a-t\m-`m-hw. Hm-tm-bp-sS A--bpsS a-\x-n-Xn A-Xm-bn-cp-p. Aw-K-hn-lo\-\m-b H-cp ]p-{X-s\ e-`n--tm B A-
]-X-dn-bn-. ssZ-hw \-In-b B a-I-s\ s]mp-t]m-se kq-n-p \- co-Xn-bn h-fn. B A--bp-sS {]-Xym-im-]q-W-am-b at\m-`m-h-am-bn-cp-n-cn--Ww Hm-tm-bv-p hnP-b-n-s h-gn-I-sfm-cp-n-b Po-hn-X-Z-i\w \-In-b-Xv.
ssI-I-fpw Im-ep-I-fp-an-m- Hm-tm-bv-p
{]-Xn-_---sf X-c-Ww sN-bv-Xp Po-hn-Xn hn-P-bn-m-sa-n \-ap-pw A-Xp
km-[n-n-t? Xo--bm-bpw km-[n-pw. ]t, A-Xn-\v B-Zyw \-p-sS Nn-m-K-Xn-bn
am-w h-c-Ww. A-[zm-\-hpw I-jv-S-m-Sp-I-fpw
Iq-Sm-sX Po-hn-X-n hn-P-bn--W-sa-t
\-p-sS-sbm-s B-{K-lw.
A-Xn-\p-]-I-cw, A-[zm-\n-pw I-jv-S-s-pw
hn-P-bn-p--Xn-ep- kp-Jw \mw Xn-cn--dnb-Ww. A-tm G-Xp {]-Xn-k-n-sb-bpw
\mw X-c-Ww sN-pw. Im-c-Ww, A-Xn-\p klm-bn-p- km-l-N-cyw ssZ-hw \-ap-v Hcp-n--cpw.

s\bpw ]n \S Kth-j- t\Sn-sb-Sp-Xp ]Xn- s \- t mfw s\mt_ ]pc- k v I m- c - - f m- W v .

sImf-kvt{Sm-fns D]-L-S-I--fn {Iqc FUnF BWv. km{X Ipd Cu sImf-kvt{Sm
LSIw HmIvko-I-cn--sp kPo-h-am-Ip-tm-gmWv
c-p-g-e-p-Ifn XSkap-m-Ip---Xv. AXp-sImp-Xs Fm Kth-j-W-fpw FUn-F LSIs \nPo-h-am-m-\p ]-Xn-I-fmWv Bhnjv-cn--Xv. c-n FUn-F Ipd-bp--Xn\-\p-k-cnp lrt{Zm-K-km-[y-Xbpw Ipd-bp--Xmbn
Ip. A-s\-bmWv FUn-F Ipd-bvm-\p
acp-p-I-fpsS Bhn`m-hw. Cp hn]-Wn-bn hns-Sp Ghpw IqSp-X acp-p-I Cu hn`m-Kns--hbm-Wv. acn-m-\p a\p-jys `bw
Cu acp-p-I-fpsS Aan-tXm-]-tbm-K-n sImsn-n-cn-p-p.
sImf-kvt{Sm km[m-cW Af-hn-em-sW-n
an{Xhpw ]cn-[n-hnp h[n-m i{Xp-hp-am-sWp
]d-bmw. km[m-cW Af-hn imco-cn-Im-tcm-Ky-n\v
Bh-iy-amb Cu LSIw ]cn-[n-hnv Dbm lrZbm-Lm-Xw, kvt{Smv, s]cn-s^-d hmkvIp-e

tcmKw, ^mn enh XpSn \nc-h[n Kpcp-X-c-amb

tcmKm-h--Ip Imc-W-am-Imw. Db sImfkvt{Sm aqew [a-\n-I-fn Pcn-Xm-h--bp-mbn
Ah-bpsS Dhymkw Ipd-bp--XmWp ta-d
Fm tcmK- - f n- t ebpw ASn- m- \ - { ]- i v \ w.C-Xn\p ]nn AXo-tdm-sP-t\-knkv F
koW-amb {]Xn-`mkw {][m\ ]p-h-ln-p-p.
1970 apX 1990 hsc-bp-ff \nco-W ]T-\-
t{ImUo-I-cn-m h[n FUn-F (LDL) sImfkvt{Smfpw Ipd FvUn-F (HDL) sImfkvt{Smfpw [a-\n-I-fnse s]mXp-hmb Pcn-Xm-h-bvp Imc-W-am-hp-Ibpw B]-XvI-c-am-hp-Ibpw sNpp.
sImf-kvt{Sm Ipd-b-vp acp-p-I-fn {][m\n
mn Xs. mn acp-p-I kar--ambn D]tbm-Knp XpS-n-b-tXmsS No FUn-F sImfkvt{Sm Ipd-bp-Ibpw lrt{Zm-K-km-[y-Xbpw lrZbm-LmXw Ign-p acp-ns Fhpw Hcp-]cn-[n-hsc \nb-{n--s-Smsap ]T-\- sXfnbn-p.
Fm, ico-c-n sImf-kvt{Sm {Iam-Xo-X-

ambn Ipd-bp-Xv ap ]e {]Xym-Lm-Xpw hgn-sbm-cp-p--Xmbn Ip. a\pjy-i-co-c-n\v Hgnp IqSm ]mSn-m Hcp
]ZmY-amWv sImf-kvt{Sm F bmYmYyw
hnkva-cn--cp-Xv. ico-c-I-e-I-fpsS \nam-Wn-\v, Poh-{]-[m\ ]pcpj tlmtam-Wp-IfpsS DXv]m-Z-\-n\v, ico-c-nse Pemwiw
kp- e n- X - a m- p- - X n- \ v , tImi- - f psS
hfbvv Fmw sagp-Ip-t]m-ep Cu
]ZmYw AXy-m-t]-n-X-am-Wv. Fm
A[n- I - a m- I p- t m- g mWp hn\m- I p- - X v .
sImf-kvt{Sm {Iam-Xo-X-ambn Ipd--h-cn
Aan-X-o-Whpw Xfbpw at\m-\n-e-bn
hyXn-bm-\-fpw Ip. IqSmsX mn KpfnI-Ifp-m-p t]io-th-Z-\-Ifpw Nne-cn
Ie-i-em-bn. 2007- t_m-Wnse S^vvkv
bqWn-th-gvkn-n-bnse Assjv Aenbpw
dnmUv Icmkpw IqSn \S-nb Kth-jW
^e- shfnw I-tm sImf-kvt{Sm
NnIn--sb-p-dn-p Zpcq-l-X-Ifpw kwib-fpw h[n-p. Ipd FUn-F D
Bm-cn h[n A_p-Z-km-[yX Isn. AXp-t]mse 2008- \S asm-cp-]-T\hpw CtX-X-c-n-ep-f-f Kth-j-W-^-e-
]pdpsImp-h-p. Fm, mn acp CXns Imc-W-sapw sXfn-p.
Cu ]T-\- sImf-kvt{Sm {Iam-Xo-Xambn Ipd-bvp--Xn\p Nph--sImSn ImWnpI Xs sNbvXp. C-c-n cp
tNmZy--fm-Wp-m-b-Xv. Hv, FUn-F
c-n Ipd-bp-tm Imk km[yX
h[n-ptam? cv, A_pZw FUn-F
sImf-kvt{Sm-fns\ ]cn-[np Xmsg Ipdbvptam? Cu cp tNmZy-pw Dcw
tXSn \nc-h[n ]T-\- \S-p. lrt{ZmKw
]nSn-bn-sem-Xp-m FUn-F Ign-bp-{X
Ipd-bvpI F knm-hpw tNmZyw sNs-p.
Cu Zpcq-l-X-Ipw kwi-b-pw
hncm-a-an-Xv {^manmw lmv Un-bpsS
]pXnb ^e- shfnw I-tXm-sS-bm-Wv.
Cu ]T\ ]c--c-bpsS {][m\ Kth-j-I-\mb
t_m-nse t]m ssan eho \Snb {]kvXm-h-\-bn c-n Xosc
Ipdp ImWp FUn-Fns Afhv {]IS-am-Im A_p-Z-_m-[-bpsS sXfn-hm-sbSp-mw. AYhm `mhn-bn Dm-Im t]mIp
A_p-Z-ns kqN-Iw, Fm, Cq--

BtcmKy Zo]nI
cn FUn-F Ipd-Xv Huj[ NnIn
sImm-h-cp-Xv. kzXth Ipdp ImWp-h-cn-emWv A_p-[-_m-[-bpsS kqN\ \Ip-Xv.
km[m-cW Fm-h-cp-sSbpw c-n
FUn-F GXmv 120 ann {Kmw iX-am\-am-Wv. av B]-XvL-S-I--sfm-p-an-s-n
Cu tXmXv Kpcp-X-c-a-. cm-Xn-aZtam {]taltam ]pI-h-entbm Aan-X-h-tam Hs-bp-h-cn Cu tXmXv 100- Ipd-b-Ww. C\n
Kpcp-X-c-amb lrt{Zm-K-ap--h-cn CXv 70-
Ipd-n-cp-m A`n-Im-ayw.
FUn-F sImf-kvt{Sm 130- IqSn
\np--h-cn sImtdm-Wdn [a-\n-I-fn PcnXm-h-bpw XpSp amc-I-am-b- lm-mpw
kvt{Smpw Dm-Im-\p km[y-X-tb-dp-p.
sImgp-p `-Ww, amwkw, F Ch {IaoI-cnpw DuP-kz-e-ambn hymbmaw sNbvXpw
thn hm mn acp-p-I tkhn-pamWv FUn-F Ipd-bvp-Xv.
Fm {Iam-Xo-X-ambn FUn-F
Xmgvm-\p {]h-WX Cv {]_-e-am-Wv.
CXn-\mbn Db tUmkv mn Kpfn-I-I
tkhn-p-p. Cu {]h-WX A\p-h-Z-\o-b-asp ]T-\- sXfn-bnpp. lrt{Zm-Kn-tep \bn-p GI-L-S-I-a sImfkvt{Sm Fpw adnv B]v LS-I-
Xpey {]m[m-\y-tmsS \nb-{-W-hn-t[-b-amm DZy-an--W-sapw Hman--Ww. sImgpp
ico-c-I-e-Iv A\n-hmcyw Xs. Fm
AXv Aan-X-am-ImsX kqn-p-I-bmWv thXv.
IqSp-X ]g-fpw ]--dn-Ifpw AS-p
ssien kzmb--am--Ww. hymbmaw \nXyPo-hn-X-ns kp{]-[m\ `mK-am--Ww.
Atm \smcp ]cn-[n-hsc sImfkv-t{Sm
Huj-[--fn-msX \nb-{n--s-Spw. Fpwh-cs acpp Ign-m aXn-bsm F Nn
shSn-b-Ww.
tUm. tPmPv Xn
kwm\ {]kn-U v
Cy tImfPv Hm^v ImUn-tbm-fPn

fpw Cu ]pkvX-I-n kam-l-cn-n-p-v.

{]Xn-k-n-I-fn ]X-dmsX
kPnXv kndn-bIv

A\p-hm-N-Isc Cu ]pkvXIw klm-bn-p-p.

apw ac-fpw ]d-Xv

Fgp-tp \S-pI

kptc-{ amv
{]n v lukv, Xriq
t]Pv47, hne40

kn. tacn Pbn Fkv.Un

ans thc-p-t]m-Im kvt\lm{Z-amb

ssPhn-I-X-tbmSp B-_w Imp-kq-np--XmWv Cu kam-lm-c-nse IY-I-fpsS
Icp-v. \mp-] ]Ip-X-cp } F{X\m ]nn-mepw ssItamiw hcn-sp DpWn ]d-bp-hm Cu IY-Ip km[n-pp-v. A[n-\n-th-iw, s\p-a-cw, {Kma-Nn-{X-fpsS cmaq-n, hc-mew, H-mhv Fns\
]Xnqp IY-I-fmWv Cu kam-lm-c-n-ep-Xv. kl-Po-hn-I-fpsS thZ-\-Ismw \np
Biz-kn-n-p a\p-jy-cpsS a\-kn-s\ Cu
IY-I-fn \np hmbn-s-Sp-mw.

t]Pv 183, hne 100

{]tNm-Z\m--I-amb Hcp ]pkvX-I-amWv kn.
tacn Pbns Fgp-tp \S-pI F {Kw.
Akz--X-bn-em-bn-cn-p Bbn-c-p
DWthmSpw Dtj-tmSpw IqSn X-fpsS
Pohn-X-{]-bm-k-sf A`napJoI-cn-m\pw Zp:Jia-\-n\pw Cu ]pkvXIw klm-bn-pw. ip{iqjm
hgn-bn {]hn-p--hp Cu ]pkvX-Isamcp hgn-Im-n-bmbn amdppap-v. Pohn-p
kaq-l-nse {in--s-Sm a\p-jy-cpsS
\qdp-\qdp {]iv\- kzw {]iv\-ambn Xncn-dnp Ah-tbmSp kuay-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-p,
t\cnp Bizmkw \Ip coXn-bn-emWv Cu
]pkvXIw kwhn-[m\w sNbvXn-cn-p--Xv.
ss{IkvXh Pohn-X-ns t{ijvT-Xbpw A\\y-Xbpw Xncn--dnp kuJy-sp Pohn-p-hm

cW coXn-Ifpw hn]-W\ coXn-Ifpw Cu ]pkvXI-n ka-{K-ambn hnh-cn--s-n-cn-p-p.

Fap hf
tUm. ]n.hn taml-\
Unkn _pIvkv, tImbw
t]Pv 94, hne 70
Irjnbpw A\p-_ hyh-km-b-fpw
Cy kaq-l-n ]p\-cm-\-bn-p-sIm-n-cnp Hcp Ime-L--am-Wn-Xv. {]tXy-Inp tIcf-nse Imjn-I-ta-J-e-bn {][m\ kmnI t{kmX-kp-I-fmbn hyXykvX sXmgn-en-S Ctm cq]-s-p-h-cp-p-v. C-c-n
]pXp kwcw-`-ambn Ctm kPo-h-am--s-psIm-n-cn-p HmWv Fap hf. tIcf-ns ]e-`m-Kpw Fap hf tI{-fp-v. Fap hfp Ij-I-scbpw ]pXpXmbn Irjn-bn-tep hcp--h-scbpw klm-bnp ]pkvX-I-am-Wn-Xv. Fap hfen-s\
Ipdn-p imkv{Xob-amb Adn-hp-Ifpw ]cn-N-

\msf-bn-te-smcp \omgvN
kmap-h cmb Fkv.sP
FUn-tgvkv ]n.sI ssan Xc-I
Fkv. ss]\m-Sv Fkv.sP
sk v t]mkv, Fd-Wm-Ipfw
t]Pv 318, hne 200
1960-70 Ime-Lfn tIc-f-nse Zmi\nI cwKp \nd-p-\n kmn-[y-am-bn-cpp
kmap-h cmb Fkv.-sP. sF^v F kwLS-\-bn-eqsS At\Iw tImfPp hnZymYn-Ip
Atlw ]Ip-sIm-Sp shfnw Ah-cpsS
Pohn-X-]m-X-Isf {]Im-i`-cn-X-am-n. \h-XnbpsS \nhr-Xn-bn Ign-bp cmb-\-\v B
hnZymYn-I Hma-p-dn-p-I-fn-eqsS kanp kvt\tlm-]-lm-c-amWv Cu ]pkvX-Iw.
kmap-h cmb cNn ]Xn-s\mp {]_--

sk v t]mkv, Fd-Wm-Ipfw
t]Pv 124, hne 75
al-mb ey- kz]v\w ImWp-Ibpw
t\cnb {]Xn-_w Dm-Ip-tm t]mepw
eyw adp ]nn-cn-bp-Ibpw sNphpth-nbp ]pkvX-I-am-Wn-Xv. ]cm-P-b-ns
ssIp-\o IpSn-npw ac-W-ns htm-fsa-n-bnpw ]hm-m-sX, \nc-cw {]bIv\nv aptdn hnP-bhpw {]i-kvXnbpw ssIhcn {]apJ hyn-I-fpsS A\p-`-h-I-Y-I-fmWv
Cu ]pkvX-I-n hnh-cn--s-n-cn-p--Xv.
tXmp ]nm-d-cp-sXv Cu hyn-I-fpw AhcpsS A\p-`-h-fpw \sf \nc-cw Hmas-Sp-n-sm-n-cn-pw.

Db-c- Iog-S-m
Ipn-Ismcp hgn-Imn
kn Io-cn-mSv
sk v t]mkv, Fd-Wm-Ipfw
t]Pv 78, hne 50
Acw ]Tnp Xpp-tm Ipn-I-sfmcp bm{X Bcw-`n-p-I-bm-Wv. Adn-hns BImi- Iog-S-p-hm-\p bm{X. hgn-Im-n-Ifmbn amXm-]n-Xm-fpw A[ym-]-Icpw \n-tfmsSm--ap-m-bn-cn-pw. Ipn-I-fpsS a\-kn
\bpsS hnp hnX-bvp-hm klm-bn-p
Nne Nn-I-fm-Wv Cu ]pkvX-I-n
]phbv-s-Sp--Xv. Db-c--fn-te-p IpnI-fpsS bm{X-bn Dshfn--ambn amdm Cu
]pkvX-I-nse Nn-Ip km[np-pv.