c£-bpsS ]mX-bn¬

kotdm ae-_m¿ k`-bpsS

hnizmk ]cn-io-e-\ ]mTm-hen

A≤ym-]I klmbn
Ãm≥tU¿Uv ˛ 10

k` t{]jnX kaqlw

Prepared & Published by

SYRO-MALABAR CATECHETICAL CENTRE
MOUNT ST. THOMAS, KAKKANAD, KOCHI- 30
Title :
SABHA PRESHITHA SAMOOHAM
(Malayalam)

Text Prepared & Published by

SYRO-MALABAR CATECHETICAL CENTRE
MOUNT ST. THOMAS, KAKKANAD, KOCHI- 30

Distributed by
SMCC, MOUNT ST. THOMAS
KAKKANAD, KOCI-30

2
 BapJw
\n߃ \t∂ sNdp-∏-Øn¬ hnizmk ]cn-io-e\-¢m- n¬ ]Tn-
®n-cp∂ \mfp-I-sf-°p-dn®v Hm¿Ωn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bptam? AhnsS
\n߃ G‰hpw CjvS-s∏´ Imcy-߃ Fs¥m-s°-bm-bn-cp∂p?
Ah-sb√mw C∂v \n߃ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Ip´n-Iƒ°pw \¬tI-≠-
Xt√? k¨tU kvIqfn¬ \n∂v \n߃°v D≠m-bn-´p≈ kt¥m-
jm-\p-`h - ß
- ƒ Hm¿Ω-bn-t√? AØcw A\p-`h - ß
- ƒ C∂sØ Ip´n-
Iƒ°pw \¬It≠?
A°m-eØv \n߃°v {]bm-k-ap-≠m-°nb Imcy-߃ Hm¿°p-
∂pt≠m? hnizm-k-]-cn-io-e\w t\Sp-∂Xn-ep≈ Xm¬]cyw Ipd-
bv°p∂ Fs¥-¶nepw A\p-`-h-߃ D≠m-bn-´pt≠m? F¶n¬ Ah-
sbm∂pw \ΩpsS Ip´n-Iƒ°v D≠m-ImsX t\mt°-≠-Xt√?
\nß-fpsS ap∂n-en-cn-°p∂ ]Ømw ¢m nse Ip´n-Iƒ°v icn-
bmb hnizm-k] - c - n-io-e\w \¬Im-\p≈ ]cn-{i-aØ - n¬ ta¬∏-d™
Imcy-߃°v {]m[m-\y-ap-≠v.
H∏w as‰mcp Imcyhpw IqSn Hm¿Ωn-°-Ww. Imew amdn-s°m-
≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Ip´n-I-fpsS Pohn-X-km-l-N-cy-ß-fnepw A\p-`-
h-ß-fnepw A`n-cp-Nn-I-fnepw am‰-߃ Gsd-bp-≠v. AXp ]cn-K-
Wn®mte aXn-bm-hq. AtX-k-abw am‰-ß-fpsS temIØv am‰-an-
√mØ ssZh-sØbpw am‰w hcmØ {InkvXob kXy-ß-sfbpw
Ip´n-I-fn¬ Dd-∏n-°p-I-bmWv hnizm-k-]-cn-ioe-\-Øns‚ e£yw.
AXn\v D]-I-cn-°p∂ ]pXnb ]mT-]p-kvX-I-amWv \n߃°v ]Tn-
∏n- ° m- \ p- ≈ - X v . ]mT- ] p- k - X v I - t Øm- s Sm∏w A[ym- ] - I ¿°mbn
{]tXyIw Xøm-dm-°nb A[ym-]-I-k-lm-bn-bmWv \nß-fpsS Iøn-
ep-≈-Xv. Ign-hp-Iƒ hf¿Ønbpw Ipd-hp-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn®pw \s√mcp
A[ym-]-I≥/A[ym-]nI Bbn-Øo-cm≥ CXp \nßsf klm-bn-
°pw.
3
 A[ym]Iklmbn F¥v? F¥n\v?
Hcp A≤ym-]I klmbn
◆ ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ A\p-_-‘-amWv
◆ A[ym-]-Is‚ hgn-Im-´n-bmWv
◆ ]mTßfpsS hymJym\ cq]-amWv
Hcp A[ym-]-I-k-lmbn ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ A[ym-]-I\v/A[ym-
]n-Ibv°v D]-I-cn-°p∂p:
Ø ]mT-߃ icn-bmb a\- n-em-°m≥
Ø ]mT-߃ t\cmb am¿§-Øn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°m≥
Ø ]mT-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ kwi-b-߃ kzbw Zpco-I-cn-°m-≥
Ø Ip´n-I-fpsS kwi-b-߃°v Xr]vXn-I-c-amb adp-]Sn \¬Im≥
Ø ¢m nse {]h¿Ø-\-߃ icn-bmbn kwL-Sn-∏n-°m≥
Ø tNmZy-߃°v DØcw Is≠-Øm≥
Ø ]mT-]p-kvXIw ]q¿Æ-ambn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥
Ø A[nI hnh-c-߃ tiJ-cn-°m≥
Ø kz¥w A[ym-]-\-co-Xn-Isf sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm≥
Ø ]pXnb ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ kao-]\w Dƒs°m≠p \S-∏n-
em-°m≥
A[ym-]-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ aq∂v {][m\ tNmZy-ß-fp≠v
1. F¥mWv ]Tn-∏n-t°-≠Xv? F¥v e£y-tØm-sS-bmWv ]Tn-
∏n-t°-≠Xv?
2. Bsc-bmWv ]Tn-∏n-t°-≠Xv?
3. Fß-s\-bmWv ]Tn-∏n-t°-≠Xv?
hnizm-k]- c
- n-ioe\-{]-{In-bb
- n¬ G¿s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ F√m A[ym-
]-Icpw Cu tNmZy-߃°v DØcw Is≠-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.
1. hnizm-k]
- c
- n-ioe\w Fs¥∂v Adn-bW
- w.
amtΩm-Zok kzoI-cn-®-hsc {InkvXob hnizm-k-Øns‚ ]Iz-
X-bn-te°pw {InkvXob Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-X-bn-te°pw
\bn-®p-sIm≠v {InkvXp-hn¬ hf-cp-hm≥ klm-bn-°p-I-bmWv
hnizm-k-]-cn-ioe\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ e£yw. CXn-\mbn
hniz-km-Øns‚ Adn-hn-te°pw A\p-`-h-Øn-te-°pw Po-hn-X-

4
 Øn-tebv°pw Ip´n-Iƒ°v hgn-Im-´p-I-bmWv icn-bmb hnizm-
k-]-cn-io-e-\w. ""aninlm \nß-fn¬ cp]-s∏-Sp-thmfw Rm≥
Cu‰p-t\m-h-\p-`-hn-°p∂p'' F∂ hn. ]utem-kns‚ Xo£vW-
X-bm-hWw hnizm-k-]-cn-ioe\-Øns‚ {]tNm-Z-\-tl-Xp.
2. Ip´n-Isf Adn-bWw
\mw ]Tn-∏n-t°-≠Xpw hnizm-k-]-cn-io-e\w \¬tI-≠Xpw Ip´n-
Iƒ°m-Wv. Ahsc \mw icn-bmbn a\- n-em-°-Ww. Ip´n-I-
fpsS {]mbw, {]Ir-Xw, Ign-hp-Iƒ, Ipd-hp-Iƒ, Xm¬]-cy-߃,
km[y-X-Iƒ F∂n-h-sb√mw Adn-b-Ww.
Ip´n-I-fpsS Ign-hp-I-sf-°p-dn®v Ht∂m¿Øp t\m°q. Ah¿°v
Fs¥√mw sNøm≥ Ignbpw?
˛ Nncn-°m≥
˛ Ic-bm≥
˛ Nn¥n-°m≥
˛ ImWm≥
˛ tIƒ°m≥
˛ HmSm≥
˛ NmSm≥
˛ Ifn-°m≥
˛ kwkm-cn-°m≥ ... Cßs\ HØn-cn-sbm-Øncn Imcy-߃
sNøm≥ km[n-°pw.
Ip´n-I-fpsS kwkm-cn-°m-\p≈ Ign-hp-am{Xw ]cn-K-Wn-®mtem?
GsXms° hn[-Øn-ep≈ kwkm-c-co-Xn-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ ¢m n¬
{]I-Sn-∏n°pw? \nc-h[n Imcy-߃ hmsam-gn-bn-eqsS Ip´n-Iƒ°v
sNøm-\p≈ Ign-hp≠v? Ah-sbm∂v \ap°v Ipdn-®p-h-bv°mw.
◆ IY ]d-bm≥
◆ ]m´p-]m-Sm≥
◆ tNmZyw tNmZn-°m≥
◆ DØcw ]d-bm≥
◆ hnti-j-߃ ]¶p-h-bv°m≥
◆ Adn-bm-hp∂ Imcy-߃ hnh-cn-°m≥
◆ `mh-\m-]-c-ambn Nn¥n-®p-]-d-bm≥
◆ kw`-h-ß-sf-°p-dn®v hnh-cn-°m≥
◆ ]cm-Xn-Iƒ ]d-bm≥

5
 ◆ \n¿t±-i-߃ D∂-bn-°m≥
◆ Nn{Xw t\m°n Bibw ]d-bm≥...
Ifn-°m≥ CjvSs - ∏-Sp∂ Ip´n-Iƒ°v AXn-eqsS km[n-°p∂
HØn-cn-Im-cy-ß-fp-≠v. Ah Fs¥m-s°-bmhmw?
◆ \n¿t±-i-߃ a\- n-em-°m≥
◆ \nb-a-߃ A\p-k-cn-°m≥
◆ \nbaw sX‰n-®m¬ {]Xn-I-cn-°m≥
◆ sX‰p-Iƒ Xncp-Øm≥
◆ kt¥mjw {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥
◆ hnIm-c-߃ {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥
◆ kwL-ambn {]h¿Øn-°m≥
◆ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ D’m-l-tØmsS G¿s∏-Sm≥....
Ip´n-I-sf-°p-dn®v Adn-bm≥ Cßs\ Ht´sd Imcy-ß-fp-≠v. A[ym-
]-I≥/A[ym-]nI Ah-sb√mw Adn-™n-cp-∂m¬ A[ym-]\w IqSp-
X¬ A¿∞-h-Øm-Ipw.
Ip´n-Isf a\- n-em-°m≥ A[ym-]-Isc klm-bn-°p∂ ]e
am¿§-ß-fp-≠v.
p Ip´n-I-fp-am-bp≈ CS-s]-S¬
p kq£va-\n-co-£Ww
p inip-a-\x-im-kv{X-Øn-ep≈ Adnhv
p AØcw ]pkvX-I-ß-fpsS hmb\
3. ]T-\c
- oXn Adn-bWw
]pXnb Imew, ]pXnb Ip´n-Iƒ, ]pXnb ]mT-]p-kvX-Iw... Cß-
s\-sbmcp ]pXnb kml-N-cy-Øn¬ ]pØ≥]-T-\-co-Xn-Iƒ \mw
Ip´n-Iƒ°v \¬I-Ww. A[ym-]\Øn¬ \qX-\-am¿§-߃ kzoI-
cn-°-Ww.
t\csØ \mw I≠-Xp-t]mse \m\m-Xcw Ign-hp-Iƒ Hmtcm
Ip´n-bn-ep-ap-≠v. Ah btYm-NnXw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p≈
]T-\-k-{º-Zm-b-amWv th≠-Xv. Ifn-°m\pw {]h¿Øn-°m\pw D’m-
l-ap≈ Ip´n-Iƒ°v \mw AXn-\-h-kcw \¬I-Ww. Cu hnNm-c-
tØm-sS-bmWv ]pXnb ]mT-]p-kvX-I-߃ Xøm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv.
tIƒ°m≥ am{X-a√, ]d-bm\pw ImWm\pw hc-bv°m\pw
FgpXm\pw Ifn-°m\pw Hs° ]‰nb \nc-h[n {]h¿Ø-\-߃

6
]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn-ep-≠v. Ah-sbm∂pw \n m-c-ß-f-√. efn-X-am-sW-
¶nepw Hmtcm {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚
hnhn[ Awi-ß-fmWv Ip´n-Iƒ t\Sp-∂-Xv. Cutim-sbbpw Ahn-
Sp∂v \¬Ip∂ c£-tbbpw Ip´n-Iƒ°v \¬Im-\p≈ ]cn-{i-aØ - n¬.
Ign-hp≈ F√m am¿§-ßfpw \mw D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AXn-
\p-th≠n ]pXnb t_m[-\-co-Xn-Iƒ {Kln-°m≥ hnizm-k-]-cn-ioe-
I¿ Xøm-dm-IW- w. C°m-cy-Øn¬ A[ym-]I- ¿°v Hc-fh
- p-hsc klm-
b-ta-Im≥ Cu A[ym-]nI klm-bn°p Ign-bpw. In´m-hp∂ CS-ß-
fn¬ \ns∂ms° A[ym-]-\-co-Xn-I-fn-ep≈ Adnhpw ]cn-N-bhpw
A[ym-]-I≥ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ {ian-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.
{]h¿Ø-\ß
- f
- psS khn-ti-jX
- I
- ƒ
hnizm-k-]-cn-ioe\-¢m- n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ GXp {]h¿Ø-
\hpw hnP-bn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ AXn\v Nne khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ D≠m-I-
Ww. F¶nte AXp sIm≠v ^ew In´p-I-bp-≈q.
Fs¥m-s°-bmhpw B khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ?
]T-\-Øn-\p-th≠n \mw \¬Ip∂ Hcp {]h¿Ø-\w˛
◆ Ip´n-I-fn¬ Xm¬]cyw D≠m-°p-∂Xv
◆ Ip´n-I-fpsS {]Ir-X-Øn\v tN¿∂Xv
◆ Ip´n-Iƒ°v kzmX{¥yw \¬Ip-∂Xv
◆ Hcp e£ysØ ap≥\n-dp-Øn-bp-≈Xv
◆ hnj-b-hp-ambn _‘-ap-≈Xv
◆ ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn sNøm-hp-∂Xv
◆ Ip´n-I-fpsS \ne-hm-c-Øn\v tbmPn-°p-∂Xv
◆ Ip´n-I-fn¬ sh√p-hnfn Db¿Øp-∂Xv
◆ A[ym-]I - \v/A[ym-]n-Ibv°v hne-bn-cp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv
Bbn-cn-°-Ww.
]mT- ] p- k v X - I - Ø n- s ebpw A[ym- ] - I - k - l m- b n- b n- s ebpw
{]h¿Ø-\-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ°p \¬Ip-tºmgpw ]pXnb {]h¿Ø-
\-߃ A[ym-]-I¿ Is≠-Øp-tºmgpw C∏-d™ khn-ti-j-
X-Iƒ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ kq£n-°-Ww.
A[ym-I≥/A[ym-]nI {]tXyIw {i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-߃
1. F√m Ip´n-Iƒ°pw ]mT-]p-kvXIw Ds≠∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww.
AXp XpS-°-Ønse hmßm≥ \n¿t±-in-°p-Ibpw thWw.

7
2. ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ hc-bv°m\pw Fgp-Xm-\p-ap≈ Imcy-߃
¢m n¬ h®p-am{Xw sNøm-\p-≈X - m-Wv. C°mcyw ap≥Iq´n Ip´n-
Isf t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. A[ym-]-Is‚/ A[ym-]n-I-bpsS
\n¿t±-im-\p-k-cWw am{Xta Ip´n ]mT]pkvXIw D]-tbm-Kn-
°m-hq.
3. Ip´n-Iƒ°v ho´n¬ h®v sNøm-\p≈ A[nI {]h¿Ø-\-߃
\¬Im-hp-∂X - m-Wv. AXv hy‡-ambn ]d-™p-hn-SW- w. Aßs\
hc-bv°m\pw Fgp-Xp-hm\pw Nn{X-߃ H´n-°m-\p-sams°
{]tXyIw t\m´p-_p°v Ip´n-Iƒ°v D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv \√-Xm-
Wv. A[ym-]I - s‚/ A[ym-]n-Ib
- psS Xm¬]cyw t]mse, kml-
N-cy-߃ IW-°n-se-SpØv C°mcyw sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv.
]mT-Øn-te°v {]th-in-°p-tºmƒ
hnizm-k-]-cn-ioe-\-sØ-°p-dn®pw Ip´n-I-sf-°p-dn®pw ]pXnb ]T-
\-co-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®p-sams° \mw a\- n-em-°n. C\n Hmtcm ]mThpw
{]tXy-I-ambn hni-I-e\w sNøp-I-bm-Wv. ]mT-ß-fpsS hni-I-e-\-
Øn¬ {]tXy-I-am-sbmcp cq]-L-S\ kzoI-cn-®n-´p-ap-≠v. AXp Xmsg-
∏-dbpw hn[amWv.
1. Ip´n-Iƒ kzmb-Øa
- m-t°-≠h
Hcp ]mT-Øn-eqsS Ip´n t\Sn-bn-cn-t°≠ Dt±-iy-߃ Xs∂-
bmWv ChnsS kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Ahsb aq∂mbn Xncn®v Ah-X-
cn-∏n-°p-∂p. Hcp ]mTw Ip´n-Iƒ ]Tn-®p-I-gn-bp-tºmƒ Fs¥ms°
Ah¿ kz¥-am-°n-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v A[ym-]-I\v/A[ym-]n-Ibv°v
hy‡-am-Ip-∂p. tNmtZym-Ø-c-߃°pw {]h¿Ø-\-߃°pw A∏p-
dØv Ip´n-I-fpsS hnizm-k-]-cn-io-e-\-Øn\v C∏-d™ Imcy-߃
kzmb-Ø-am-°ntb aXn-bm-hq.
p t_m[y-߃
p at\m-`m-h-߃
p ioe-߃
F∂n-ßs\ th¿Xn-cn®v \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ Imcy-߃ Ip´n-
Iƒ°v ]I-cm-\mWv \mw a‰p-Im-cy-ß-sf√mw sNøp-∂-Xv.
2. A[ym-]I
- ≥/A[ym-]nI Icp-tX≠ t_m[-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ
Hmtcm ]mThpw \∂mbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Nne ]T-t\m-
]-I-c-W-߃ Bh-iy-am-Wv. A[ym-]-I-k-lm-bn-bn¬ tN¿Øn-cn-
°p-∂h IqSmX bp‡-sa∂p tXm∂p-∂-h, e`y-am-sW-¶n¬ D]-
tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv IqSp-X¬ {]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-bn-cn-°pw. AXn-\p≈ Hcp
8
am¿§-\n¿t±-i-ambn am{Xw CXnse kqN-\-Iƒ IW-°m-°n-bm¬
aXn.
Km\-߃, IY-Iƒ, Ifn-Iƒ, \mS-I-cq-]-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-
sbms° Nne ]mT-ß-fn¬ Bh-iy-ambn hcpw. Ah-sb√mw a\-
 n-se-¶nepw Xøm-dm-°ntb ¢m n¬ t]mIm-hq. Ahbpw t_m[-
t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ Xs∂-bm-Wv.
3. ]mTm-hX
- c
- Ww
Hmtcm ]mThpw Fßs\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww, FhnsS XpS-ß-
Ww, Fs¥√mw Imcy-߃ Dƒs°m-≈n-°Ww Fs∂ms° hnh-
cn-°p∂ `mK-am-Wn-Xv. ]mTw XpS°w apX¬ HSp°w hsc hmbn®v
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ coXn- F¥m-bmepw Hgn-hm-°-Ww. Ip´n-Iƒ°v
BI¿j-I-amb hn[-Øn¬ ]mTw XpS-ßm\pw XpS-cm\pw Ah-km-
\n-∏n-°p-hm\pw Ign-b-Ww. AXn-\p≈ Nne kqN-\-Iƒ ]mTm-h-X-
c-W-`m-KØv \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. Ah-sb-°mƒ \√-sX∂p tXm∂p-∂h
Is≠-Øn-bm¬ AXv D]-tbm-Kn-®m¬ aXn. G‰hpw IqSp-X¬
Hcp°w Bh-iy-ap≈ Imcy-amWv ]mT-h-X-c-W-sa∂v ad-°-cp-Xv.
IY-]d - ®
- n¬, Nn{X-hm-b\
- , A`n\bw, tdmƒtπ, ]m´p-Iƒ, kw`m-
j-Ww, {Kq∏p-{]-h¿Ø\w XpSßn GXp-hn-[-Ønepw ]mTm-h-X-c-
WamImw. A[ym-I\v/A[ym-]n-Ibv°v Xm¬]-cyhpw Ign-hp-ap≈
D]m-[n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®m¬ IqSp-X¬ Imcy-£-a-am-Ipw. Ip´n-Isf
Cu hn[ {]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠pw ]mTw Ah-X-cn-
∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
4. ]mT-_‘
- nX {]h¿Ø-\ß
- ƒ
]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønse F√m {]h¿Ø-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p-ap≈
\n¿t±-i-߃ tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p. tNmZy-߃°p≈ DØ-c-ßfpw
\¬In-bn-´p-≠v. AXv Is≠Øn Fgp-Xm\pw kzb-tah Fgp-Xm-\p-
ap-≈Xv Ip´n-Iƒ X\n®v Fgp-X-s´. Ah¿°v klmbw \¬In-bm¬
aXn. A[ym-]I klm-bn-bnse hm°p-I-tfm, hmIy-ßtfm Xs∂
Ip´n-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-°m-W-Wsa∂v \n¿_‘w ]mSn-√. Bh-iy-ap-≈n-
SØv Ip´n-Isf klm-bn-°m≥ A[ym-]-I¿°v \¬In-bn-´p≈ kqN-
\-Iƒ am{X-ambn Ahsb I≠m¬ aXn. Ip´n-Iƒ°v ]q¿Øn-bm-
°m≥ ]‰m-Øh A[ym-]-I-k-lmbn t\m°n, A[ym-]-I\v/A[ym-
]n-Ibv°v ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bp-a-t√m. Hmtcm ]mT-Øn-sebpw
apgp-h≥ {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw \n¿_-‘-ambpw sNbvXn-cn-°-Ww.
5. A\p-_‘
- nX {]h¿Ø-\ß
- ƒ
]mT-ßf- n¬ C√m-ØXpw Ah-tbmSp Iq´n-t®¿°m-hp-∂X - p-amb
{]h¿Ø-\ß- f - m-Wn-h. Ch-tbm-tcm∂pw A[ym-]I
- s‚/A[ym-]n-Ib
- psS
9
CjvSm-\p-kc - Ww kzoI-cn-°m-hp-∂X
- m-W.v kµ¿`-Øn\v CW-ßpw-hn[w
Ign-hp-≈n-St- Ømfw A\p-_‘ - nX {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ \¬Ip-∂X - mWv
\√-X.v A[ym-]I klm-bn-bn¬ tN¿°mØ {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ In´p-sa-
¶n¬ Ahbpw ¢m n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. IqSp-X¬ tNmZy-߃ ]mT-`m-
K-Øp-\n∂pw Xøm-dm°n tN¿Øn-´p-≠v. Ah-bpsS DØ-c-߃
Is≠Øn Ip´n-Iƒ°v \¬Ip-∂Xv \√-Xm-W.v A\p-_‘ - nX {]h¿Ø-
\-ßs - f√mw Xs∂ A[ym-]I - s‚/A[ym-]n-Ib - psS at\m-`m-hØ
- n-\\
- p-
kr-Xa - mbn sNtø-≠X - m-sW∂v Hm¿Ωn-°p-I.
Hmtcm ]mT-Ønepw Hm¿Ωn-t°≠ Imcy-߃
1. Hmtcm ]mThpw c≠v Znhkw (2 Rmb-dm-gvN-Iƒ) sIm≠v ]Tn-
∏n-®p-Xo¿°-Ww F∂mWv hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬
Hmtcm ]mT-Øn-sebpw Imcy-߃ c≠mbn hn`-Pn®v Hcp-ßp-∂-
XmWv kuI-cyw.
2. {]h¿Ø-\-߃ F√mw Xs∂ Ip´n-Iƒ sNtø-≠Xv ¢m n¬
h®m-Wv. AXn-\p≈ kabw c≠p-Zn-h-k-ß-fn-embn e`n-°pw.
Hmtcm∂pw sNøm-\p≈ \n¿t±-i-߃ hy‡-ambpw IrXy-
ambpw \¬I-Ww. ho´n¬ h®v aXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS
sNtø-≠h Ds≠-¶n¬ AXv c≠mw Znhkw sNbvXp-sIm-≠p-h-c-
Ø-°-hn[w H∂mw-Zn-hkw Xs∂ Ip´n-I-tfmSp ]d-™p-hn-S-Ww.
3. a\x-]m-T-am-°m≥ sImSp-Øn-´p-≈h Ign-hXpw ¢m n¬ h®p-
Xs∂ sNøn-°p-I. Ht∂m ct≠m XhW hmbn-®p-sIm-Sp-°mw.
H‰bv°pw {Kq∏mbpw hmbn®p ]Tn-°m≥ \n¿t±-in-°mw. a\x-]m-T-
am°n sNm√n-t°ƒ∏n-°p∂h¿°v sNdnb kΩm-\-ßtfm Iø-
Sntbm as‰-s¥-¶nepw AwKo-Im-ctam \¬Imw. BZy-amZyw ]Tn-®p-
tIƒ∏n-°m≥ {]tNm-Z\w \¬Ip-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv.
4. Fs‚ Xocp-am\w F∂-t]-cn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂h Ip´n-bn¬
cq]-s∏-tS≠ at\m-`m-h-ßtfm ioe-ßtfm BWv. Hmtcm ]mT-
Øn-sebpw Fs‚ Xocp-am\w Ip´n-Iƒ°v hni-Z-am-°n-s°m-Sp-°-
Ww. AXv Ah-cpsS Xocp-am-\-am°n am‰-Ww. ]nt‰ BgvN-bn¬
Xocp-am\w F{X-tØmfw \S-∏n-em°n F∂v At\z-jn-°-Ww.
5. ss__nƒ hmb- \ , Fs‚ ss__nƒ hmIyw F∂
{]h¿Ø\w Ip´n- I - f psS ss__nƒ ]T- \ hpw ]mcm- b - W hpw
hf¿Øm-\p-≈-Xm-Wv. ss__nƒ hmbn-®v, CjvS-s]´ hmIyw Fgp-
Xn-s°m-≠p-h-cm-\p≈ \n¿tZiw H∂mw Znhkw \¬I-Ww. c≠mw-
Zn-hkw AXp ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw thWw. H∂mw ]mTw ]Tn-∏n-
°p-tºmƒ A[ym-]-I≥/A[ym-]nI kºq¿Æ ss__nƒ ¢m n¬
sIm≠p-t]mbn D¬∏Øn 1:26-˛31 `mKw hmbn®p tIƒ∏n-°-Ww.
AXn¬ \n∂v CjvS-s∏´ Hcp hmIyw Hmtcm Ip´ntbmSpw tNmZn®v

10
AXv Fgp-Xm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-SW
- w. CXp-t]mse a‰p-]m-Tß
- f
- n¬ amXm-
]n-Xm-°-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS Ip´n-Iƒ hmbn®v Fgp-X-Ww.
Hm¿Ωn-°m≥ aq∂p-Im-cy-߃ IqSn
1. Cu A[ym-]-\-k-lmbn ]q¿Æ-ambn {i≤m-]q¿∆w hmbn-
°Ww. Hmtcm ]mT-hn-iI - e
- \- hpw hmbn®p a\- n-em-°W - w.
2. Hmtcm ]mThpw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂X - n-\p-ap-ºmbn AXmXv ]mT-hn-i-
I-e\- Ø- ns‚ klm-bt- ØmsS \√ Hcp°w \S-ØW - w. ]mTm-kq-
{XWw \∂m-bm¬ ¢ms -Sp-°m≥ Gsd Ffp-∏a - m-Ipw. Fs¥√mw
Imcy-߃, GXp hn[-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ°p \¬I-Ww. Fs¥√mw {]hr-
Øn-Iƒ Ah-sc-s°m≠psNøn-°Ww Fs∂√mw ap≥Iq´n Xocp-am-
\n-°p-∂X - mWv Bkq-{X-Ww.
3. ]mTm-kq-{X-WØ - n¬ Xocp-am-\n®v Imcy-߃ Hcp t\m´p-_p-
°n¬ Fgp-Xn-h® - m¬ Ffp-∏a- m-bn. AXp-t\m°n ¢m v \bn-°mw. Hmtcm
A[ym-]I - \pw A[ym-]n-Ibv°pw kuI-cy-sa∂p tXm∂p∂ hn[-Øn¬
Fgp-Xn-bm¬ aXn. ]mT-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-io-en-°p-∂Xv IqSp-X¬
\∂mbn Hcpßm≥ CS-h-cp-Øpw. ]e-bn-S-Øp-\n-∂mbn e`n-°p∂
A[nI hnh-cß - fpw {]h¿Ø-\ß - fpw Cu _p°n¬ Fgp-Xm\pw
Ign-bpw.

11
 1
k` kz`m-h-Ømte t{]jnX
I BapJw
k` kz`m-h-Ømse t{]jn-X-bm-Wv. D∞n-X-\mb \mY≥
kz¿Km-tcm-l-W-Øn\p ap≥]mbn injysc G¬]n® {]Y-ahpw
{][m-\-hp-amb ZuXy-amWv kphn-ti-j-{]-tLm-jWw. amtΩm-Zo-km-
bn-eqsS k`-bnse AwK-ß-fmbnØo¿∂ Hmtcm hy‡nbpw k`-
bpsS Cu t{]jnXZuXy- Ø n¬ ]¶p- I m- c m- ° - s ∏- S p- ∂ p. Cu
hkvXpXIƒ hy‡-am-I-Ø-°-hn[amWv ¢mkv \bn-t°≠Xv.
II Ip´n-Iƒ kz¥-am-t°-≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
v ]nXm-hn-\m¬ Ab-bv°-s∏´ Cutim-bmWv {]Y-a-t{]-jn-
X≥.
v Cutim-an-in-lm-bm¬ Ab-bv°-s∏-´-h-fmWv k`.
v k`-bpsS {]Y-ahpw {][m-\-hp-amb ZuXy-amWv kphn-ti-
j-{]-tLm-jWw
v kphn-tijw {ihn-°p-∂-hsc AXp kzoI-cn-°m≥ k∂-≤-
cm-°p-∂Xv ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hmWv.
v Cutim-bn¬ \n∂v t{]jnXZuXyw kzoI-cn® k` Ahn-
SpØ c£m-I-c-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ kl-I-cn®v a\p-jysc c£-bn-
tebv°p \bn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ k` c£-bpsS IqZm-i-bmWv.
v kI-e-P-\-X-I-sfbpw kphn-ti-j-a-dn-bn-°p-I, Ah¿°v
⁄m\-kv\m\w \¬Ip-I, Ahn-Sp∂v Iev]n-®-h-sb√mw
A\p-kc - n-°p-hm≥ Ahsc ]Tn-∏n-°p-I, Ahn-SpsØ kvt\l-
Øn\p km£yw hln-°pI F∂n-h-bm-bn-cp∂p Cutim
injy-cn-eqsS k`sb Gev]n® ZuXy-߃.
12
 v k` kz`m-h-Ømse t{]jn-X-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ k`mw-Kß-sf-
√m-hcpw t{]jn-X-cmWv.
b) at\m-`mhw
v Xß-fpsS t{]jn-X-Zu-Xy-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ah-t_m[w.
v a‰p- ≈ - h - c p- a mbn ssZh- h - N \w ]¶p- h - b v ° p- h m- \ p≈
Xmev]cyw.
c) ioew
v Cutim-sb-°p-dn®v a‰-D-≈-h-tcmSv ]d-bp-∂p.
v t{]jn-X{- ]-h¿Ø-\ß
- f
- psS hnP-bØ
- n-\mbn {]m¿∞n-°p∂p.
III t_m[-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ
Cutim injysc ZuXyta¬∏n-°p∂ ssZh-h-N-\-`m-K-Øns‚
Zriym-hn-jvI-c-Ww, ]nXm-hmb ssZhw Bcw-`n® t{]jn-X-{]-
h¿Ø\-Øns‚ XpS-¿®bmWv k`-bpsS t{]jn-X-{]-h¿Ø\w
F∂p hy‡- a m- ° p∂ Nm¿´v , hnip≤ {KŸw, hØn- ° m≥
Iu¨kn¬ {]am-W-tc-J-Iƒ.
IV ]mTm-h-X-cWw
Cutim injy∑msc Ab- b v ° p∂Xns‚ Zriym- h n- j v I - c -
WtØmsS ¢mkv Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. Nm¿´ns‚ klm-b-tØmsS ]cn-
ip≤ {XnXz-Ønse Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpw t{]jnXXzw hni-Z-
am-°p-∂p. k`-bpsS t{]jn-XX
- z-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\w, k`m-a°
- f
- psS
t{]jn-X-ZuXyw F∂n-h- hni-Z-am-°p∂p.
V ]mT_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
ssZh-hN
- \w hmbn°mw [ym\n°mw
¢mkn¬ ssZh- h - N \w [ym\- ] q¿hw hmbn®v v ktµiw
Dƒs°m≈p∂p.
Hm¿Ωn-°m≥ Hcp Xncp-h-N\w
hN\w a\x]mT-am-°p-∂p. Ub-dn-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-Sp-∂p.
\ap-°p {- ]m¿∞n°mw
Hcp-an®v {]m¿∞n-°p∂p. Cu BgvN-bnse F√m Znh-khpw
Cu {]¿∞-\ -sNm-√m≥ Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂p.

13
Fs‚ Xocp-am\w
au\-ambn hmbn-®n´v Xocp-am\w Dds° ]d-bp-∂p.
k`tbmsSm-Øp-Nn-¥n°mw
k`m-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ \ho-I-c-W-Øns‚ Im‰phoinb kw`-h-am-
bn-cp∂p c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬. Cu Iu¨kn-en¬ ]s¶-
SpØ ]nXm-°-∑m¿ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ {]Im-i-Øn¬ {]m¿∞-
\bpw ]T-\-ßfpw N¿®-Ifpw hgn cq]o-I-cn® HutZym-KnI {]t_m-
[-\ß- f
- mWvv "c≠mw hØn-°m≥Iu¨kn¬ {]am-Wt- c-JI - ƒ'. k`-
sb- ° p- d n®pw k`- b psS ]T- \ - ß - s f- ° p- d n®pw B[n- I m- c nI
Adnhp\¬Ip∂ Cu {K\vYw Ip´n-Iƒ°p ]cn-Nn-X-am-IWw F∂
e£y-tØm-sS-bmWv Cu `mKw Dƒ∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-
sIm≠v km[n-°p-∂n-St- Ømfw Iu¨kn¬ Un-{In-bn¬ \n∂p-Xs∂
Cu `mKw hmbn-°m≥ {i≤n-°Ww.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 10 JWvUnI 1.
2. t]Pv 10 JWvUnI 2 apX¬ t]Pv 12 JfinI 4 hsc-bp≈
`mK-ßfnse Bibw Npcp°n Fgp-XpI.
3. t]Pv 13 JWvUnI 2.
4. t]Pv 13 JWvUnI 3,4.
5. t]Pv 14 "F√m-hcpw t{]jn-X¿' F∂ JWvUnIbpsS Ah-
km-\-`mKw.
VI A\p-_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
1. k`- C∂p \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ t{]jn-X-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS
Hcp Nm¿´v Fgp-XpI.

14
 2
kphn-ti-j-{]-tLm-jWw:
k`-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ ZuXyw
I BapJw
kphn-tij{]tLm-jW ^e-ambn cq]w-sIm≠ k`bpsS
ASn- ÿ m\ZuXyw kphn- t i- j - { ]- t Lm- j - W - a m- W v . {]tLm-
jWhnj-b-am-Is´ ssZh-cm-Pyhpw. {]kw-K-Øn-eq-sSbpw Pohn-
Xkm£y-Øn-eq-sSbpw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw kphn-tijw
{]tLm-jn® k`-bnse «ol-∑m-scbpw hnip-≤scbpw ]cn-N-b-
s∏-SpØns°m≠v Xß-fpsS t{]jnXZuXy-Ø-°p-dn-®p≈ Ah-
t_m[w Ip´n-I-fn¬ DW¿Øp-I-bmWv Cu ]mT-Øns‚ e£yw.
II Ip´n-Iƒ kz¥-am-t°-≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
v Cutim Xs‚ ZuXyw Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv ssZh-cm-Py-{]-tLm-
j-W-tØm-sS-bmWv.
v «ol-∑m-cpsS {]tLm-j-W-^-e-am-bmWv hnhn[ ÿe-ß-
fn¬ k`m-k-aq-l-߃ cq]-s∏-´Xv.
v k`bpsS {][m-\-ZuXyw kphn-ti-j-{]-tLm-j-W-amWv.
v k`m- a - ° tfmSpw a‰p- ≈ - h - t cmSpw hN\w {]tLm- j n- ® p-
sIm≠v k` Cu ZuXyw \nd-th-‰p∂p.
v Pohn- X - a m- X rI hgn- b p≈ hN- \ - { ]- t Lm- j - W - Ø n\v
{]kwKtØ°mfpw kzm[o-\-i-‡nbp-≠v.
v k`m-a-°-sf-√m-h¿°pw kphn-tij{]tLmW-Øn-\p≈ IS-
a-bp-≠v.

15
b) at\m-`mhw
v kphn-tij{]tLm-jW Z- u-Xy-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ah-t_m[w.
v kphn-ti-j-Øn\p km£n-Ifmbn Pohn-°-W-sa∂ Nn¥.
c) ioew
v Ah-kcw e`n-°p-tºm-sg√mw ssZh-h-N\w ]¶p-hbv°p∂p.
v kphn-ti-j-{]-tLm-jW hnP-b-Øn\mbn {]m¿∞n-°p∂p.
III t_m[-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ
hnhn[ k`-mk-aql-ß-fpsSbpw AhnsS hN\w {]tLm-jn®
A∏-kvtXm-e-∑m-cpsSbpw t]cp-Iƒ hy‡-am-°p∂ Nm¿´v, hn.
A¬t^m≥km-Ω, hmgvØs∏-´-h-cmb Nmh-d- Ipcm-bm-t°mkv Gen-
bm-k®≥, adnbw t{Xkym, tXh¿]-d-ºn¬ Ip™-®≥, Fhp-{]m-
kym-Ω, aZ¿sX-tc-k XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS Nn{X-߃, hnip≤ {KŸw,
hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ {]am-W-tc-J-Iƒ
IV ]mTm-h-X-cWw
Cutim Xs‚ kphn-ti-j-{]-tLm-jWw Bcw-`n-°p∂ hnip-
≤-{KŸ`mKw hmbn®v N¿® sNbvXp-sIm≠v ¢mkv Bcw-`n-°p-∂p.
Cutim-bpsS {]t_m-[\w kzoI-cn®v temI-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-
ß-fn¬ t]mbn hN\w {]tLm-jn® «ol-∑m-scbpw Ah-cpsS
{]h¿Ø\ßsfbpw Ipdn®v Nm¿´ns‚ klm-b-tØmsS hni-Zo-I-
cn-°p-∂p. hnip-≤-cpsS Nn{Xw ImWn-®p-sIm≠v Ah-cpsS hN-\-{]-
tLm-jW coXn N¿®- sN-øp-∂p. Ah-sc-t∏mse hnhn-[-ß-fmb
am¿K-ß-fneqsS hN\w {]tLm-jn-°p-hm-\p≈ k`m-a-°-fpsS ISa
hni-Z-am-°p∂p.
V ]mT_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
H∂mw ]mT-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse sNøp-∂p.
Fs‚ Xocp-am\w
au\-ambn hmbn-®n´v Xocp-am\w Dds° ]d-bp-∂p. Ign™
BgvNbnse Xocp-am\w Fßs\ \S∏m°n-sb∂v ]¶p-h-bv°p∂p.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 16, 17 se Bi-b-߃ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n Fgp-XpI.
16
 2. t]Pv 18 "k` kphn-ti-j-{]-tLm-jI' F∂ `mKw.
3. \oXnbpw kam-[m-\hpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-ep≈ B\-µ-hpw,
ssZh-lnXw \nd-th-‰-s∏-Sp∂ Ahÿ.
4. t]Pv 19 JWvUnI 2,3.
5. k`sb \´p-]n-Sn-∏n-°p-I, k`m-a-°sf hnizm-k-Øn¬ Bg-
s∏-Sp-ØpI.
VI A\p-_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
1. k`-bpsS t{]jn-X-ZuXyw hy‡-am-°p∂ Xncp-h-N-\-߃
Is≠Øn Fgp-XpI.

17
 3
BZnak`-bpsS t{]jn-X-ssN-X\yw
I BapJw
BZn-a-k-`-bpsS Pohn-X-ssientbbpw t{]jn-X-ssN-X-\y-
sØbpw Ipdn®v Ip´n-I-fn¬ Ah-t_m[w DW¿Øp-I-bmWv Cu
]mT-Øns‚ e£yw.
II Ip´n-Iƒ kz¥-am-t°-≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
v ssZhh-N\w {ihn-°p-∂-Xn¬ BZn-a-k` hfsc Xmev]cyw
]pe¿Øn.
v Xncp-h-N\{ih-W-Øn-eqsS Hcp Iq´m-bva-bmbn Xo¿∂
Ah¿ F√mw ]¶p-h-bv°m≥ Xøm-dmbn.
v kphn-tijm[njvTn-X-amb Ah-cpsS PohnXw At\-Isc
{InkvXp-a-X-Øn-tebv°v BI¿jn®p.
v A∏w-ap-dn-°¬ i‡n-tI-{µ-am-°nb kaq-l-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.
v Znhkw apgp-h≥ hnip-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ hnhn[ bma-ß-fn¬
Ah¿ {]m¿∞n-®n-cp∂p.
v hnizm-k-Øns‚ t]cn¬ NnX-dn-°-s∏-´-t∏mgpw hN\w
{]tLm-jn®psIm≠v Ah¿ Np‰n k©-cn®p.
b) at\m-`mhw
v k`m-Iq-´m-bva-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°m-\p≈ Xmev]cyw.
v kphn-ti-jm-\p-krXw Pohn-°m-\p≈ {i≤.
c) ioew
v Fhn-sSbpw Iq´m-bva-bpsS at\m-`mhw ]pe¿Øp∂p.
v a‰pp-≈-h-cpsS Bh-iy-ß-fn¬ klm-bn-°p∂p.
18
III t_m[-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ
BZn-a-k-`-bpsS ssNX\yw hy‡-am-°p∂ ssZh-h-N-\-߃
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb Nm¿´v, hnip≤ {KŸw, hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬
{]am-W-tc-J-Iƒ.
IV ]mTm-h-X-cWw
]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ ]d™n-cn-°p∂ ssZh-h-N\w (A-∏. 2: 37-
˛39) hmbn-®p-sIm≠v ¢mkv Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. A∏-kvtXm-e-{]-h¿Ø-
\-ß-fn¬ BZn-a-k-`-bpsS Pohn-X-ssi-en-sb-°p-dn®p {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-
cn-°p∂ a‰p hN-\-ßfpw Is≠Øn hmbn-°p-∂p. AXp-hgn hy‡-
am-Ip∂ {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ Nm¿´n¬ tcJs∏Sp-Øp-∂p. ssZh-h-N\w
{ihn®pw Pohn®pw {]tLm-jn®pw A∏w-ap-dn-°¬ ip{iqj-bn-eqsS
i‡n-{]m-]n®pw -hnizm-k-Ønepw Iq´m-bva-bnepw hf¿∂ BZn-a-
k-`-sb-s∏se hf-cp-hm-\p≈ k`m-a-°-fpsS ISa hni-Z-am-°p∂p.
V ]mT_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
c≠mw ]mT-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse sNøp-∂p.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 23 JfinI 2,3.
2. t]Pv 24 JfinI 2.
3. t]Pv 25.
4. t]Pv 26 JfinI 1.
5. t]Pv 26 JfinI 2.
VI A\p-_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
1. BZnak`- b psS kphn- t ij ssNX\yw hy‡- a m- ° p∂
GXm\pw Xncp-h-N-\-߃ teJ-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Is≠Øn
Fgp-XpI.

19
 4
hnizm-k-Øns‚ hockm£n-Iƒ
I BapJw
hnizm-k-Øn-\p-th≠n Poh≥ ka¿∏n® c‡-km-£n-I-fpsS
Pohn-XI
- Y Adn-bp-hm\pw AXn¬\n∂pw {]-tNm-Z\- hpw Bth-ihpw
Dƒs°m-≈p-hm\pw Ip´n-Isf {]m]vXc
- m-°p-Ib
- mWvv Cu ]mT-Øns‚
e£yw.
II Ip´n-Iƒ kz¥-am-t°-≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
v tltdm-tZkv cmPm-hns‚ Imew apX¬Xs∂ ss{IkvX-h¿
Xß-fpsS hnizm-ksØ-{]Xn ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏´p XpS-ßn.
v F∂m¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-\m¬ \nd™ «ol-∑mcpw ]n≥Km-
an-Ifpw [oc-X-tbmsS Cutim-bn-ep≈ hnizmkw G‰p-]-
d™v ac-Ww-]p¬In.
v At\-I¿ blq-Za - Xw Dt]-£n®v {InkvXp-aXw kzoI-cn-®Xpw
hnPm-Xob¿ {InkvXym-\n-If- m-bXpw blq-Zsc sNmSn-∏n-®p. cmPm-
hns\ ssZh-ambn AwKo-Ic - n-°m≥ {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Xøm-dm-
Im-Xn-cp-∂Xp `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Is - fbpw i{Xp-°fm°n. Aß-s\-
bmWv {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ ]oUn-∏n-°s - ∏-Sm≥ XpS-ßn-bX- v.
v \otdm N{Ih¿Øn-ap-X¬ Utbm-¢o-jy≥ N{I-h¿Øn-hs - c-bp≈
tdma≥ cmPm-°∑ - m-sc√mw AXn{Iqc-amb aX-a¿Z\w \S-Øn-b-
h-cm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ Cu Ime-L´- Ø - n¬ k`bv°v [mcmfw
hnip≤ c‡-km-£n-Isf e`n-®p. ]uckvXy k`-bnepw Cu
Ime-L´- Ø - n¬ At\Iw c‡-km-£n-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
v F.Un. 313 se anem≥ hnfw-_-c-tØm-sS-bmWv k`bv°v
tdmamkm{am-Py-Øn¬ kzmX{¥yw e`n-®-Xv.
v hnip≤ tXmakvaq¿, amIvkvan-ey≥ tImƒt_ XpS-ßn-b-
h¿ ]n¬°-me-ß-fn¬ c‡-km-£n-I-fm-b-h-cm-Wv. hnip≤
20
 tPm¨{_n-t´m, ssZh-k-lm-bw-]n≈ XpS-ßnb-h¿ `mc-X-
Ønse c‡-km-£n-I-fm-Wv.
v aX-]o-U-\-߃ k`sb Xf¿Øp-I-b√ hf¿Øp-I-bmWp
sNbvX-Xv.
b) at\m-`mhw
v ss{IkvX-h-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ A`n-am-\w.
v k`-bn¬ c‡-km-£nXzw hcn-®h
- t- cmSv BZ-chpw kvt\lhpw.
c) ioew
v hnizmkw kwc-£n-°p-∂X
- n\p th≠n F¥p t¢ihpw Gs‰-
Sp-°m-\p≈ k∂-≤X.
v c‡-km-£n-I-fpsS Pohn-X-I-Y-Iƒ hmbn-°p∂p.
III t_m[-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ
BZn-a-k-`- t\cn´ ]oU\ßsf- Im-Wn-°p∂ Nn{X-߃, c‡-
km-£n-I-fpsS Poh-N-cn-{X-߃/ Ah-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ kn.-Un, hnip≤
{KŸw, hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ {]am-W-tc-J-Iƒ
IV ]mTm-h-X-cWw
c‡-km-£n-I-sf°p-dn-®p≈ kn.Un Ah-X-cn-∏nt®m Poh-N-
cn{Xw hmbn-®p-sImt≠m ¢mkv Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. «ol-∑m-cpsS Imew
apX¬ k` t\cn´ ]oU-\-߃ N¿® sNøp-∂p. Cutim-bn-ep≈
hnizmkw XyPn-®m¬ In´m-am-bn-cp∂ Xm¬°m-enI t\´-ßs - f-°mƒ
\nXyku`m-Ky-Øn-\mbn hnizmkw G‰p-]-d™v hoc-arXyp hcn®
c‡-km-£n-Is - f°p-dn®p≈ Zriym-hX
- c
- W
- t- am, IYm-{]-kw-Kß
- tfm
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw..
V ]mT_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
c≠mw ]mT-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse sNøp-∂p.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 30 JfinI 2,3.
2. t]Pv 31 JfinI 2,3.
3. t]Pv 32, 33.
4. t]Pv 34 JfinI 2.
5. t]Pv 35 JfinI 2,3.
VI A\p-_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
1. \n߃°n-jvS-s∏´ GsX-¶n-ep-samcp c‡-km-£n-bpsS Pohn-
X-IY hmbn-®-tijw Hcp A\p-tam-Z-\-°p-dn∏p Xøm-dm-°pI.
21
 5
kXyhnizm-k- kwc-£-I¿
I BapJw
k`-bpsS hnizm-kw- ]Tn-∏n-°p-hm\pw sX‰mb {]t_m-[\
- ß
- sf
Xncp-Øp-hm\pw -th≠n A[zm\n® hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I-sc-°p-dn®v
Adn-bp-hm\pw Ahtcm-Sp≈ BZ-chpw kvt\lhpw hf-¿Øp-hm\pw
Ip´n-Isf {]m]vX-cm-°p-I-bmWvv Cu ]mT-Øns‚ e£yw.
II Ip´n-Iƒ kz¥-am-t°-≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
v kXy-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ Dd-hn-S-߃ hnip≤ {KŸhpw ]mc-
º-cy-ß-fp-amWv.
v AXp hymJym-\n-°m\pw ]Tn-∏n-°m-\p-ap≈ A[n-Im-chpw
Ah-Im-ihpw k`-bv°p-≈-XmWv.
v F∂m¬ k`-bpsS ]T-\-߃s°-Xn-cmb ]mj-fiX-Iƒ
k`-bpsS Bcw-`-Imew apX¬Øs∂ D≠m-bn-cp∂p.
v c≠mw \q‰m-≠n¬ {InkvXp-a-X-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn Db¿∂p-
h∂ Btcm-]W - ß- ƒ°pw `oj-Wn-Iƒ°pw FXn-cmbn kXy-
hn-izmkw kwc-£n-°p-hm≥ Fgp-Xp-Ibpw {]h¿Øn-°p-
Ibpw sNbvX-h-cmWv hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I¿.
v BZysØ Ggp \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂-hcpw k`
HutZym-Kn-I-ambn AwKo-Icn-®n-´p-≈-hcpw k`bv°v B[n-
Im-cn-I-{]-t_m-[\w \¬In-bn-´p-≈-h-cp-amb hnip-≤m-flm-°-
sf-bmWv k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
v Ch¿ kXy-hn-izm-k-tØmSp ]pe¿Ønb hniz-kvX-Xbpw
ASpØ Xe-ap-dbv°v AXp-]-I¿∂p \¬Im≥ ImWn®
{i≤bpw A\p-I-c-Wo-b-amWv.

22
b) at\m-`mhw
v ss{IkvX-h-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°m-\p≈ {i≤bpw
Xmev]cyhpw.
v k`-m]nXm-°∑
- m-tcmSpw hnizm-kk
- w-c£
- I
- t- cmSpw BZ-chpw
kvt\lhpw.
c) ioew
v kXyhnizmksØ°p-dn®v ]Tn-°p-hm-\p≈ \njvT.
v k`m-]n-Xm-°∑mcpsS hN-\-߃ hmbn-°p∂p.
III t_m[-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ
k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cp-sSbpw hnizm-k-kw-c-£-I-cp-sSbpw Nn{X-
߃, Poh-N-cn-{X-߃, hnip≤ {KŸw, hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬
{]am-W-tc-J-Iƒ
IV ]mTm-h-X-cWw
C∂p k` t\cn-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ A_-≤-{]-t_m-[-\-ß-sf-
°p-dn®v N¿®-sN-bvXp-sIm≠v ¢mkv Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. BZn-a-k-`-bpsS
Imew apX¬ Cu {]Xn-`mkw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw A∂v k`mX\-
b¿ AXns\ Fßs\ [oc-X-tbmsS AXn-Po-hn-®p-sh∂pw a\- n-
em-°-Ø-°-hn[w ¢mkv \bn-°mw. km[n-°p-∂n-S-tØmfw Ah-
cpsS Nn{X-߃ ImWn-°p-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv.
V ]mT_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
c≠mw ]mT-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse sNøp-∂p.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 38 JfinI 1.
2. t]Pv 39 Ah-km\ JfinI.
3. t]Pv 40 JfinI 3.
4. t]Pv 42 JfinI 2.
5. t]Pv 41 JfinI 3.
VI A\p-_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
1. k`-bpsS ]T-\-߃s°-Xn-cmbn s]¥-t°m-kvX¬ kaq-l-
߃ \¬In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ sX‰mb ]T-\-߃ GsX-√m-
sa∂p N¿®-sNbvXv Ah-bv°p≈ adp-]Sn Is≠Øn Fgp-XpI.

23
 6
hN-\m-\p-krXw Pohn-®h¿
I BapJw
ssZh-hN - \w A\p-kc
- n®v Pohn®v ]cn-]q¿W-Xb
- n-se-Ønb ]cn-
ip≤ AΩ-tbbpw hnip-≤m-flm-°-tfbpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v
Ah-sc-t∏mse hN-\m-\p-krXw Pohn-°m≥ Ip´n-Isf {]m]vX-cm-
°p-I-bmWvv Cu ]mT-Øns‚ e£yw.
II Ip´n-Iƒ kz¥-am-t°-≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
v ssZh-h-N\w kzoI-cn®v AXns‚ ]q¿W-X-bn¬ Pohn®
hy‡n-bmWv ]cn-ip≤ adnbw.
v ssZh-h-N\ {]tLm-j-W-Øn-eqsS k`m-k-aq-l-߃°p
cq]w \¬Inbpw hN\Øn\p km£n-I-fm-Im≥ Poh≥sh-
Sn™pw «ol-∑m¿ hnip-≤-cmbn.
v hN\w kzoI-cn®v am\-km-¥-c-Øn-tebv°p IS-∂p-h-∂-h-
cpw, amXr-I-bn-eq-sSbpw {]tLm-j-W-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw hN-\-
Øn\p km£yw-h-ln®p hnip-≤-cmbhcp-amb k`m- a-°-
fpsS Hcp \o≠ -\n-c-Xs∂ \ap-°p≠v.
v AP-]m-e-I-cmb sa{Xm-∑mcpw sshZn-Icpw IqZm-i-I-fpsS
]cn- I ¿Ω- Ø n- e q- s Sbpw ssZh- h - N - \ - { ]- t Lm- j - W - ß - f n-
eqsSbpw k`m-a-°sf hnip-≤n-bn¬ hf¿Øm≥ \ntbm-Kn-
°-s∏-´-h-cmWv .
v A\p-k-c-Ww, {_“-Ncyw Zmcn{Zyw F∂o kphn-ti-j-
aqey߃ {]tXy-Iamwhn[w A\p-jvTn-°m≥ {hX-sa-Sp-Ø-
h-cmWv ka¿∏nX¿.
24
 v F√m- {]-hr-Øn-Ifpw hgn Bflob _en-I-f¿∏n-°m\pw
temI-saßpw {InkvXp- h n\p km£yw hln- ° p- h m\pw
Aevam-b¿ hnfn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p.
b) at\m-`mhw
v ssZh-h-N-\-Øn\p km£yw hln-°m≥ Xm≥ IS-s∏-´n-cn-
°p∂p F∂ Nn¥.
v hN-\-{]-tLm-j-W-Øn-\p≈ thZn-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-
\p≈ {i≤.
c) ioew
v ssZh-h-N\w ]¶p-h-bv°m\pw AXn\p km£yw hln-
°m\pw e`n-°p∂ thZn-Iƒ {i≤-tbmsS {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-
Øp∂p.
v ssZh-h-N-\-{]-tLm-j-W-Øns‚ i‡-amb km£yw Xs∂-
bm-Ip∂ k`-bpsS Poh-Im-cp-Wy-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶p-
tN-cp∂p.
III t_m[-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ
k`bn¬ ]cn-ip-≤-]n-Xmhpw sa{X-m∑mcpw sshZn-Icpw ka¿∏n-
Xcpw Aflm-bcpw sNøp∂ hN-\-{]-tLm-j-W-Øn-s‚bpw Poh-
Im-cp-Wy- {]-hr-Øn-I-fp-sSbpw Nn{X-߃, ]{X-hm¿Ø-Iƒ, hnip-
≤-cpsS Poh-N-cn-{X-߃, hnip≤ {KŸw, hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬
{]am-W-tc-J-Iƒ
IV ]mTm-h-X-cWw
sshZn-I-tcm, ka¿∏n-X-tcm, Aflm-btcm sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-
°p∂ Poh-Im-cp-Wy -{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]{X-hm¿ØI-
ƒ N¿®-sN-bvXp-sIm≠v ¢mkv Bcw-`n-°mw. ]cn-ip≤ AΩbpw
hnip-≤m-flm-°fpw hN-\m-\p-krXw Pohn-°m≥ A\p-`-hn® t¢i-
߃ Ip´n-I-sf-s°m≠vv A`n-\-bn-∏n-°mw. k` C∂p \S-Øn-s°m-
≠n-cn-°p∂ Poh-Im-cp-Wy-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Ah-t_m[w
P\n-∏n-°m≥ Ah-bpsS Nn{X-߃ ImWn-°p-Itbm ÿe-߃
kµ¿in-°p-Itbm sNømw.

25
V ]mT_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
c≠mw ]mT-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse sNøp-∂p.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 44 JfinI 2.
2. t]Pv 45 JfinI 2.
3. t]Pv 45 JfinI 4.
4. t]Pv 48 JfinI 1.
5. t]Pv 49.
VI A\p-_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
1. \n߃°v hN-\m-\p-krXw Pohn-°m≥ t¢iw kln-t°≠n
h∂ GsX-¶n-ep-samcp kµ¿`w Fgp-Xp-Itbm Iq´p-Im-cp-ambn
]¶p-h-bv°p-Itbm sNøpI.

26
 7
t{]jn-X-{]-h¿Ø-\-am¿K-߃
I BapJw
k`-bpsS t{]jn-X-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw ASn-ÿm-\hpw
amXr-Ibpw Cutim-bpsS t{]jn-X-Xz-am-Wv. {]m¿∞-\, {]tLm-
j-Ww, tkh\w, kl\w F∂o am¿K-ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv k` {][m-
\-ambpw Xs‚ t{]jn-X-ZuXyw \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xv. Cu \mep taJ-
e-I-fn-eq-sSbpw hnip-≤-cm-b-hsc ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpØn AXp-t]m-se-
bp≈ Hcp B≤ym-fln-IX kz¥-am-°m≥ Ip´n-Isf klm-bn°p-I-
bmWvv Cu ]mT-Øns‚ e£yw.
II Ip´n-Iƒ kz¥-am-t°-≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
v k`-bpsS t{]jn-X{- ]-h¿Ø-\ß
- f
- p-sS-sb√mw e£yw temI-
Øns‚ AXn¿Øn-Iƒhsc ssZh-cmPyw ÿm]n-°pI F∂-
XmWv.
v {]m¿∞-\, {]tLm-j-Ww, tkh\w, kl\w F∂o am¿K-
ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv k` {][m-\-ambpw Xs‚ t{]jn-X-ZuXyw
\n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xv.
v Hmtcm am¿K-Øn-eq-sSbpw hnip-≤-cmb At\Iw amXr-I-
Iƒ k`-bn-ep≠v.
v hnip≤ sIm®p-t{X-kymbpw hmgvØs - ∏´ Fhp-{]m-kym-Ωbpw
{]m¿∞\-bpsS t{]jn-X-cmbpw hmgvØ-s∏-´-h-cmb Nmh-d
-Ip-cy-t°mkv Gen-bm-k-®\pw tXh¿]-d-ºn¬ Ip™-®\pw
{]tLm-j-W-Øns‚ t{]jn-X-cmbpw hmgvØ-∏´ aZ¿sX-
tck tkh- \ - Ø ns‚ t{]jn- X - b mbpw hnip≤
A¬t^m≥kmΩbpw hmgvØ-s∏´ adnbw t{Xkymbpw
kl-\-Øns‚ t{]jn-X-cmbpw Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂p.
27
b) at\m-`mhw
v t{]jn-X-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶p-tN-cm-\p≈ Xm¬]cyw.
v t{]jnX-{]-h¿Ø\Øn-\p≈ thZn-Iƒ ]e-Xp≠v F∂ Xncn-
®-dnhv.
c) ioew
v \mep am¿K-ß-fn¬ GsX-¶n-ep-sams° kµ¿`m-\p-k-cWw
D]-tbm-Kn®v k`-bpsS t{]jn-X-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfn¬ ]¶p-tN-
cp∂p.
III t_m[-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ
hnip-≤-cpsS Nn{X-߃, Poh-N-cn-{X-߃, hnip≤ {KŸw,
hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ {]am-W-tc-J-Iƒ.
IV ]mTm-h-X-cWw
hnip-≤-cpsS Nn{X-߃ ImWn-®p-sIm≠v Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw GXp
taJ-e-I-fn-em-Wp {]i-kvX-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂p N¿® sNøp-∂p.
Ah-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ Ahsc {Kq∏p Xncn-s®-gp-Xp-∂p. t{]jn-X-
{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p≈ am¿K-߃ hnhn-[-ß-fm-sW∂pw Ah-sb√mw
hnip≤n {]m]n-°m≥ klm-b-I-am-sW-∂pw hni-Z-am-°p-∂p. k`
C∂p \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Poh-Im-cp-Wy-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-sf-°p-
dn®v Ah-t_m[w P\n-∏n-°m≥ Ah-bpsS Nn{X-߃ ImWn-°p-
Itbm ÿe-߃ kµ¿in-°p-Itbm sNømw.
V ]mT_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
c≠mw ]mT-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse sNøp-∂p.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 52 JfinI 1.
2. t]Pv 52 {]m¿∞-\-bpsS t{]jn-XXzw F∂ Xe-s°-´n-\p-
Xmsg.
3. t]Pv 56 JfinI 3.
4. t]Pv 54 tkh-\-Øns‚ t{]jn-XXzw.
5. t]Pv 54 JfinI 1,2.
VI A\p-_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
1. ]mT-Øn¬ ]d™ncn°p∂ \mep-am¿K-ß-fn-eqsS hnip-≤-cmb
a‰p hnip-≤-cpsS t]cpIƒ tiJ-cn-°pI.
28
 8
k`bpw Poh-Im-cp-Wy-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw
I BapJw
Cutimsb A\p-I-cn®v k` sNøp∂ Poh-Im-cp-Wy-{]-h¿Ø-
\-߃ GsX-√m-am-sW∂v a\- n-em-°m\pw Ah-tbmSp km[n-
°p∂ hn[-Øn-se√mw kl-Ic- n-°p-hm\pw Ip´n-Isf {]tNm-Zn∏n°p-
I-bmWvv Cu ]mT-Øns‚ e£yw.
II Ip´n-Iƒ kz¥-am-t°-≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
v k`-bpsS Poh-Im-cpWy-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw amXrI
CutimbmWv.
v kvt\l-Øn-eqsS {]h¿Ø\\nc-X-am-Ip∂ hnizm-k-amWv
CXn-eqsS {]I-S-am-Ip-∂Xv.
v A\mY¿, htbm-hr-≤¿, tcmKn-Iƒ, ac-Wm-k-∂¿, AwK-
ssh-Ie- y-ap-≈h
- ¿,-_p≤n-amµyw D≈-h¿, am\-kn-It- cm-Kn-Iƒ,
Nqj-W-Øn-\n-c-bm-Ip-∂-h¿, FbnUvkv tcmKn-Iƒ XpSßn
kaq-l-Ønse Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-´-hcpw thZ-\n-°p-∂-h-cp-amb
F√m-h-scbpw k` klm-bn-°p∂p.
v {]m¿∞-®pw, sNdn-b- Xym-K-ß-fn-eqsS kºm-Zn-°p∂ ]Ww
kw`m-h-\- sNbvXpw BXp-cm-e-b-ßfpw AXp-t]m-se-bp≈
a‰p ÿm]-\-߃ kµ¿in®pw \ap°pw k`-bpsS Poh-Im-
cp-Wy{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶p-tNcmw.
b) at\m-`mhw
v kaq-l-Øn¬ Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-´-h-tcmSv ]cn-K-W\.
v Ahsc GsX-¶n-ep-sams° hn[-Øn¬ klm-bn-°m-\p≈
k∂-≤X.
29
c) ioew
v kaq-l-Øn¬ ]nt∂m-°m-hÿ ]pe¿Øp-∂-hsc {]tXy-
I-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°p∂p.
v Ahsc klm-bn-°m≥ ap≥ssI FSp-°p-∂p.
III t_m[-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ
k`-bpsS Poh-Im-cp-Wy-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ AS-ßnb Nm¿´v, Zpcn-
X-a-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h-sc°p-dn-®p≈ ]{X-hm¿Ø-Iƒ, hnip≤ {KŸw,
hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ {]am-W-tc-J-Iƒ
IV ]mTm-h-X-cWw
GsX-¶nepw Xc-Øn¬ Zpcn-Xa- \
- p-`h
- n-°p-∂h
- s
- c-°p-dn-®p≈ ]{X-
hm¿Ø N¿® sNbvXp-sIm≠v ¢mkv Bcw-`n-°mw. k`-bpsS Poh-
Im-cpWy -{]-h¿Ø-\ am¿K-߃ hnhcn°p-∂p. t¢i-a\p-`-hn-°p∂
F√m hn`m-K-߃°pw th≠n k` C∂p \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂
Poh-Im-cp-Wy-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Ah-t_m[w P\n-∏n-°m≥
Ah-bpsS Nn{X-߃ ImWn-°p-Itbm ÿe-߃ kµ¿in-°p-
Itbm sNømw.
V ]mT_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
c≠mw ]mT-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse sNøp-∂p.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 60 JfinI 3.
2. t]Pv 62 k`-bpsS {]t_m[\w F∂ Xe-s°-´n-\p-Xmsg.
3. t]Pv 61 JfinI 2.
4. t]Pv 62 k`-bpsS {]t_m[\w F∂ Jfin-I-bpsS Ah-
km\w.
5. t]Pv 62 Ah-km\ JfinI
VI A\p-_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
1. k`-bpsS GsX-¶n-ep-samcp Poh-Im-cp-Wy-ÿm-]\w kµ¿in®v
Ahsc GsX√mw hn[-Øn¬ klm-bn-°m≥ km[n-°p-sa∂p
Is≠Øn AXn-\-\p-k-cn®v {]h¿Øn°pI.

30
 9
t{]jn-X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚
\qX-\m-`n-ap-Jy-߃
I BapJw
anin-lm-bpsS XpS¿®bpw ZuXy-hm-l-I-bp-amb k` a\p-jys‚
ka-{K-hn-I-k\w e£y-am-°n-bmWv A[zm-\n-°p∂Xv. B[p-\nI
temI-Øns‚ a\-km-£n-bmWhƒ. Cu e£yw km[n-°p-∂-Xn-
\mbn k` ssIs°m-≠ncn-°p∂ hnhn[ taJ-e-Iƒ a\-kn-em°n
Ah-tbmSp kl-I-cn-°p-hm≥ Ip´n-Isf klm-bn°p-I-bmWvv Cu
]mT-Øns‚ e£yw.
II Ip´n-Iƒ kz¥-am-t°-≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
v anin-lm-bpsS XpS¿®bpw ZuXy-hm-l-I-bp-amWv k`.
v k` a\p-jys‚ ka-{K-]p-tcm-K-Xn-°p-th-≠n-bmWv bXv\n-
°p-∂Xv.
v CXn-\mbn Ahƒ kzoI-cn-®n-cn--°p∂ am¿K-߃ \nc-h-[n-
bp-≠v.
v hnZym- ` ym- k w, am[y- a t{]jn- X Xzw, cmjv { So- b w, Iem
kmlnXy kmwkvIm-cnI taJ-eIƒ, ]cnÿnXnkwc-£-
Ww, kmaq-ln-I-Xn-∑-Iƒs°-Xn-sc-bp≈ {]h¿Ø-\-߃
F∂n-hbv°v C∂v k` {]tXyI Du∂¬ sImSp°p∂p.
b) at\m-`mhw
v k`bpsS ZuXyßfn¬ A`nam\w.
v km[n-°p∂ hn[-Øn-se√mw Ah-tbmSp kl-I-cn-°m\p≈
k∂-≤X.
31
c) ioew
v temI-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ Xn∑-ItfmSpw kw`hßtfmSpw k`
Fßs\bmWp {]XnIcn-°p-∂-sX∂p {i≤n-°p∂p.
v AXn-\-\p-kr-X-amb Xocp-am-\-߃ FSpØp {]h¿Øn
°p-∂p.
III t_m[-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ
Iºyq-´¿, ‰n.hn XpS-ßnb B[p-\nI am[ya߃/ Ah-bpsS
Nn{X-߃, {InkvXob Iem kmln-Xy-ß-fpsS kn.-Un, hnip≤
{KŸw, hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ {]am-W-tc-J-Iƒ
IV ]mTm-h-X-cWw
hnhn-[-am-[y-a-ß-fn-eqsS t{]jn-X-{]-h¿Ø\w sNøm-\p≈
am¿K-߃ N¿®-sN-bvXp-sIm≠v ¢mkv Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. aqey-ap≈
GsX-¶nepw Iem-cq-]-Øn-eqsS Hcp ss__nƒ ktµiw Ah-X-
cn-∏n-°mw. Ah-bpsS ^e-Zm-b-I-XzsØ°p-dn®p N¿®-sNømw
V ]mT_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
c≠mw ]mT-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse sNøp-∂p.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 65 s‚ Ah-km\w.
2. t]Pv 66 JfinI 2.
3. t]Pv 66 JfinI 4 apX¬.
4. t]Pv 67 JfinI 2 apX¬.
5. t]Pv 69 Ah-km\ JfinI.
VI A\p-_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
1. k`-bpsS hnhn-[-ß-fmb t{]jnX taJ-eIsf ImWn-°p∂
Nm¿´v Xøm-dm-°pI.

32
 10
kotdm-a-e-_m¿ k`bpw
t{]jn-X-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw
I BapJw
am¿tØm-Ωm-«o-lm-bn¬\n∂p hnizmkw kzoI-cn® am¿tØm-
Ωm-{In-kvXym-\n-I-fpsS t{]jn-X-Xo-£vW-X-sb-°p-dn®v Ip´n-Iƒ°v
Adn-hp-\¬Ip-Ibpw t{]jn-X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p≈ Bthiw Ip´n-
I-fn-tebv°p ]I-cp-I-bp-amWv Cu ]mT-Øns‚ e£yw.
II Ip´n-Iƒ kz¥-am-t°-≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
v am¿tØmΩm-«o-lm-bpsS kphn-ti-j-{]-tLm-j-W-^-e-ambn
cq]-s∏´ ss{IkvX-h- k` am¿tØmΩm \{km-Wn-Iƒ F∂
t]cn¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ i‡n-bm¿Pn®p hf¿∂p.
v am¿tØm-Ωm-{In-kvXym-\n-Iƒ Xß-fpsS hnizm-km-[n-jvTn-
X-amb Pohn-Xw-sIm≠v t{]jn-Xcmbn-cp∂p.
v 1923 Unkw-_¿ 21 \v ]Xn-s\m∂mw ]obqkv am¿∏m∏ kotdm-
a-e-_m¿ lbcm¿°n ÿm]n-®p.
v AXn-\p-tijw kotdm-ae - _
- m¿k`bv°v [mcmfw cq]-XI
- fpw
AXn-cq-]-X-Ifpw D≠mbn.
b) at\m-`mhw
v kotdm-a-e-_m¿k`bpsS hf¿®bn¬ A`nam\w.
v anj≥cq-]X- I
- sf {]m¿∞-\h
- g
- nbpw kw`m-h\
- I
- ƒ \¬Inbpw
klm-bn-°m-\p≈ k∂-≤X.

33
c) ioew
v kotdm-a-e-_m¿k`-bv°p-th≠n F∂pw {]m¿∞n-°p∂p.
v anj≥{]-h¿Ø-\-ßsf klm-bn-°p∂p.
III t_m[-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ
kotdm-a-e-_m¿k-`-bpsS cq]-X-Iƒ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ønb am∏v,
hnip≤ {KŸw, hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ {]am-W-tc-J-Iƒ
IV ]mTm-h-X-cWw
tXmΩm-«o-lm-bpsS t{]jn-X-Xo-£v-W-X-sb-°p-dn®p N¿®
sNbvXp-sIm≠v ¢mkv Bcw-`n-°mw. H∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬ `mc-X-Øn¬
\ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ aX-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Ah-cp-sS-bn-S-bn¬ am¿tØmΩm
{InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ ÿm\-sØ-°p-dn®pw ]mT-]p-kvX-
IsØ B[m-c-am°n N¿® sNømw. GsX-¶nepw anj-\dn sshZn-
I-s\-tbm, hntZ-iØp tPmen-sN-øp∂ kotd-a-e-_m¿k-`m-a-°-
sftbm sIm≠v Ah-cpsS hnizm-km-\p-`hw ]¶p-h-bv∏n-°p-∂Xv
\∂m-bn-cn-°pw.
V ]mT_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
c≠mw ]mT-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse sNøp-∂p.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 73--˛75s‚ Bibw.
2. t]Pv 75 k`-bpS anj≥ cq]-X-Iƒ F∂ JfinI.
3. t]Pv 76 JfinI 1.
4. t]Pv 76 JfinI 2 apX¬ 4 hsc.
5. t]Pv 77 JfinI 1.
VI A\p-_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
1. kotdm-a-e-_m¿ k`-bpsS cq]-X-Ifpw Ah-bpsS sshZn-I-ta-
e≤y£-∑m-cpsS t]cp-Ifpw ImWn-°p∂ Nm¿´v Xøm-dm-°pI.

34
 11
t{]jn-XXzw IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-Øn-eqsS
I BapJw
IpSpw_w ssZh-ÿm-]n-X-am-sW∂pw IpSpw_w ]pe¿tØ≠
t{]jn-XXzw Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW-∂p-ap≈ Adnhv Ip´n-I-fn-tebv°p
]I-cp-I-bmWv Cu ]mT-Øns‚ e£yw.
II Ip´n-Iƒ kz¥-am-t°-≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
v IpSpw_w ssZh-ÿm-]n-X-amWv.
v IpSpw- _ mw- K - ß ƒ XΩn- e p≈ kv t \lhpw F√m- h cpw
tN¿∂p≈ {]m¿∞-\bpw hgn IpSpw_w Hcp ssZhm-e-b-
am°n am‰-Ww.
v IpSpw-_mw-K-߃ H∂n-®n-cp∂p hN\w ]Tn-°Ww.
v a°-tfmSv BZy-ambn hnizmkw {]kw-Kn-t°-≠h - cpw Ahsc
hnizmkw ]Tn-∏nt°-≠-hcpw amXm-]n-Xm-°-fmWv.
v kvt\l-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb Zmº-Xy-Po-hn-Xw, Ip´n-I-fpsS
{InkvXob cq]o-I-c-Ww, IqZm-i-I-fn-ep≈ ]¶m-fn-Øw,
{]m¿∞-\, Pohn-X-km-£yw,- ]-c-kvt\-l-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃
XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv IpSpw-_-Øns‚ {][m\ t{]jn-X-{]-
h¿Ø\ am¿K-߃.
b) at\m-`mhw
v IpSpw- _ - { ]m¿∞- \ - t bmSpw hN- \ - ] m- c m- b - W - t ØmSpw
Xmev]cyw.
v Xß- f psS IpSpw- _ - ß ƒ amXrImIpSpw- _ - ß - f m- I - W - s a-
∂p≈ Xmev]cyw.
35
c) ioew
v IpSpw- _ - { ]m¿∞- \ - I ƒ°pw ssZh- h - N - \ - h m- b - \ bv ° pw
t\XrXzw \¬Ip∂p.
v IpSpw-_-_-‘-ßsf BZ-cn-°p∂p.
III t_m[-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ
IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-sfm-cp-an®v t{]jn-X-{]-h¿Ø\w \S-Øp-∂-Xn-
s\-°p-dn-®p≈ ]{X-hm¿Ø-Iƒ, hnip≤ {KŸw, hØn-°m≥
Iu¨kn¬ {]am-W-tc-J-Iƒ
IV ]mTm-h-X-cWw
GsX-¶n-ep-samcp IpSpw_w \S-Øp∂ {]tXyI t{]jn-X-{]-
h¿Ø-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]{X-hm¿Ø N¿® sNbvXp-sIm≠v ¢mkv
Bcw-`n°mw. IpSpw-_-Ønse {]m¿∞-\, ssZh-h-N-\-]m-cm-b-Ww,
]c-kv]c kvt\lw, ]cn-K-W-\ F∂nhbpw N¿®m-hn-j-b-am-°mw.
V ]mT_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
c≠mw ]mT-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse sNøp-∂p.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 81 JfinI 2.
2. t]Pv 81 JfinI 1.
3. t]Pv 81 JfinI 2.
4. t]Pv 82 JfinI 2.
5. t]Pv 82 JfinI 3 apX¬.
VI A\p-_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
IpSpw-_ß
- ƒ°p sNøm-hp∂ t{]jn-X{- ]-h¿Ø-\ß
- s
- f-°p-dn®p
N¿® sNbvXv FgpXpI.

36
 12
t{]jn-XXzw ]utcm-lnXy-Po-hn-XØ
- n-eqsS
I BapJw
]utcm-ln-Xy-Øns‚ ÿm\hpw [¿Ω-ßfpw a\- n-em-°m\pw
]utcm-ln-Xy-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ BZ-chv Ip´n-I-fn¬ hf-cp-hm\pw Cu
]mTw D]-I-cn-°-Ww.
II Ip´n-Iƒ kz¥-am-t°-≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
v Cutim-sbt∏mse kz¥w PohnXw _en-bmbn A¿∏n-°pI
F∂-XmWv ]utcm-lnXy- Po-hn-X-Ønse ]c-tam-∂-X-amb
t{]jn-X-{]-h¿Ø-\w.
v ip{iq-jm-]u-tcm-ln-Xy-Øns‚ ]q¿WX «ol-∑m-cn-eqsS
sa{Xm-∑m¿°mWv Cutim \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv. sa{Xm-∑m-
cpsS kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-cmbn h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-cmWv sshZn-I¿.
v ]utcm-ln-Xy-ip-{iq-j-bnse AXn-{]m-[m-\y-a¿ln-°p∂
ip{iq-j-bmWv hN-\-{]-tLm-jWw.
v IqZm-i-I-fpsS ]cn-I¿Ωw hgnbpw ssZh-h-N\ {]tLm-j-
W-Øn-eq-sSbpw ]ptcm- ln-X¿ Xß-fpsS hnip-≤o-I-c-W-
I¿aw XpS-cp∂p.
v ss{IkvX-h-Iq-´m-bva-bn-tebv°v a‰p-≈-hsc B\-bn-°p∂
AP-]m-e-I-cmWv ]ptcmlnX¿
b) at\m-`mhw
v sshZn-ItcmSv Xmev]-cyhpw kvt\lhpw.
v sshZn-Isc Ah-cpsS ip{iq-j-I-fn¬ klm-bn-°m-\p≈
Xmev]cyw.

37
c) ioew
v sshZn-I-tcmSv ASp-∏hpw kvt\lhpw ]pe¿Øp∂p.
v sshZn-I¿°p-th≠n {]m¿∞n°p∂p.
III t_m[-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ
]ptcm-ln-X-ip-{iq-j-bnse hnhn[ Nn{X-߃, hnip≤
{KŸw, hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ {]am-W-tc-J-Iƒ
IV ]mTm-h-X-cWw
]ptcm-ln-X-cpsS tkh-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v N¿® sNbvXp-sIm≠v
¢mkv Bcw-`n°mw. Nn{X-ß-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS ]ptcm-ln-X-ip-
{iq-j-bpsS hnhn[ apJ-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ°p a\- n-em-°n-s°m-Sp-
°Ww.
V ]mT_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
c≠mw ]mT-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse sNøp-∂p.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 86 JfinI 2.
2. t]Pv 86 JfinI 3.
3. t]Pv 87 JfinI 2,3.
4. t]Pv 88 JfinI 2 apX¬ 89 JfinI 2 hsc.
5. t]Pv 90 JfinI 3.
VI A\p-_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
]utcm-lnXy-ip-{iq-j-sb-°p-dn®v Hcp {]kw-K-°p-dn∏v Xøm-dm-
°p-I.

38
 13
t{]jn-XXzw ka¿∏nX-Po-hn-X-Øn-eqsS
I BapJw
k`-bn¬ ka¿∏n-X-Po-hnXØns‚ ÿm\hpw [¿Ω-ßfpw a\-
 n-em-°m\pw ka¿∏n-X-Po-hn-XsØ°p-dn-®p≈ BZ-chv Ip´n-I-fn¬
hf-cp-hm\pw Cu ]mTw D]-I-cn-°-Ww.
II Ip´n-Iƒ kz¥-am-t°-≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
v aninlm-bn-ep≈ ]q¿Whpw kºp-jvT-hp-amb Pohn-X-Øn-
eqsS ssZh- Ø ns‚ hnfn°v {]Xyp- Ø - c - t a- I m- \ p≈
ss{IkvX-h-hnfn AXns‚ ]q¿W-X-bn¬ Xß-fn¬ km£m-
XvI-cn-°p-∂-h-cmWv ka¿∏n-X¿.
v G.Un aq∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬ k\ymkw {InkvXp-aX - Ø- n¬ thcp-
d-®p-sh-¶nepw `mc-X-Øn¬ AXn\p XpS°w Ipdn-®Xv 1831
¬ Aa- t em¬`- h - Z m- k - k wLw F∂ k\ym- k - k - a qlw
ÿm]n-X-am-b-tXm-sS-bm-Wv. C∂v B k\ym-k-k-aqlw kn.-
Fw. sF F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂p.
v A\p-k-c-Ww, {_“-N-cyw, Zmcn{Zyw F∂o kphn-ti-tjm-]-
tZ-i-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\- am°n aq∂p {hX-߃ ]men-®p-Po-
hn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv ka¿∏n-X¿.
v {]m¿∞-\, CS-h-I-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-ep≈ ]¶p-tN-c¬, aX-
t_m-[-\w, IpSpw-_-k-µ¿i-\-߃,- km-aq-ly-tk-h-\w,- an-
j≥{]-h¿Ø\߃ XpS-ßnb _lp-apJ ip{iq-jI - f- n-eqsS
ka¿∏n-X¿ ssZh-Øn\pw ssZh-P-\-Øn\pw th≠n-bp≈
Xß-fpsS ka¿∏Ww A¿∞-]q¿W-am-°p∂p.

39
b) at\m-`mhw
v ka¿∏nXssZh-hnfn t{]m¬km-ln-∏n-°p∂p.
v ka¿∏n-Xsc BZ-c-thmsS ho£n-°p∂p.

c) ioew
v ka¿∏n-X-tcmSvv ASp-∏hpw kvt\lhpw ]pe¿Øp∂p.
v ka¿∏nX¿°p-th≠n {]m¿∞n°p∂p.
III t_m[-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ
{hX-hm-KvZm-\hpw k`m-hk
- v{X-kzo-Ic
- W
- hpw \S-Øp-∂X
- ns‚
kn.Un/ t^mt´m, ka¿∏n-X-cpsS tkh-\-ßsf ]cm-a¿in-°p∂
t]∏¿I-´nw-Kvkv, hnip≤ {KŸw, hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ {]am-W-
tc-J-Iƒ
IV ]mTm-h-X-cWw
{hX-hm-KvZm-\hpw k\ymk-h-kv{X-kzo-I-c-Whpw \S-Øp-∂-
Xns‚ kn.Un {]Z¿in-∏n-®p-sImt≠m, ka¿∏n-X-cpsS tkh-\-ß-
sf-°p-dn®v N¿® sNbvXp-sImt≠m ¢mkv Bcw-`n°mw. Nn{X-ß-
fpsS klm-b-tØmsS ka¿∏n-X-cpsS -ip-{iq-j-bpsS hnhn[ apJ-
߃ Ip´n-Iƒ°p a\- n-em-°n-s°m-Sp-°Ww.
V ]mT_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
c≠mw ]mT-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse sNøp-∂p.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 93 JfinI 1,2.
2. t]Pv 94 JfinI {hX-߃.
3. t]Pv 96 JfinI 2,3.
4. t]Pv 97 JfinI 2,3.
5. t]Pv 97 JfinI 4.
VI A\p-_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
ka¿∏n-X¿ sNøp∂ tkh-\-ß-fpsS Nn{X-߃ kam-l-cn®v
Hcp B¬_w Xøm-dm-°p-I. CS-h-I-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ kntÃ-
gvkns‚ tkh-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Ah-cp-ambn Hc-`n-apJw \S-Øp-I.
40
 14
hnip-≤-cmIq t{]jn-X-cmIq
I BapJw
amtΩm-Zokm kzoI-cn® Hmtcm hy‡nbpw hnip-≤-cm-Im≥ hnfn-
°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂ t_m[yw e`n-°p-hm\pw hnip-≤n-bn¬ hf-
cp-hm-\p≈ am¿K-߃ Xncn-®d
- n™v AXn-\\
- p-krXw Pohn-°p-hm\pw
Ip´n-Iƒ°p Ign-b-Ø-°-hn[w Cu ]mTw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°Ww.
II Ip´n-Iƒ kz¥-am-t°-≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
v ssZh-amb I¿Ømhp ]cn-ip-≤-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp t]mse
ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥w P\-ambn Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´ \Ωfpw
hnip≤cm-Im≥ hnfn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.
v a\p- j y- s c- √ m- h cpw ssZh- s Øbpw ktlm- Z - c - ß - s fbpw
kvt\ln-®p-sIm≠v ssZh-kvt\-l-Øn-s‚bpw ktlm-Z-c-
kvt\-l-Øns‚bpw ]q¿W-X-bmb hnip-≤n-bn-tebv°p hf-
c-Ww.
v ssZh-Øns‚ hnip-≤n-bpsS G‰hpw henb KpW-hn-ti-j-
amWv Ahn-SpsØ Icp- W .
v Cutim-tbmSp IqsS-bm-bn-cn-°pI F∂-XmWv hnip≤n
{]m]n-°m-\p≈ H∂masØ am¿Kw.
v Xn∑sb \∑-sIm≠p Pbn-°p∂ {InkvXobkvt\l-amWv
hnip-≤n-bpsS Af-hptIm¬.
v \sΩ hnip-≤n-bn¬ hf¿Øp∂ AΩ-bmWv k`.
v ssZh-Øns‚ Iev]-\-Iƒ ]men®v Ahn-SpsØ lnX-a-\p-
k-cn®p Pohn-°p-∂-Xp hgnbmWv \Ωƒ A\p-Zn-\-Po-hn-X-
Øn¬ hnip≤n {]m]n-°p-∂-Xv.
41
b) at\m-`mhw
v hnip-≤-cm-Im-\p≈ B{Klw
v B≤ym-fln-I-Im-cy-ß-fn-ep≈ Xm¬]cyw
c) ioew
v amXr-Im-]-c-am-b-Po-hnXw \bn-°p∂p.
v a‰p-≈-h-cpsS Bh-iy-߃ I≠-dn™p klmbn°p∂p.
III t_m[-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ
hnip≤cpsS Nn{X-߃, ssZh-h-N\ Im¿Up-Iƒ, hnip≤
{KŸw, hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬ {]am-W-tc-J-Iƒ
IV ]mTm-h-X-cWw
tamibv°v apƒ∏-S¿∏n¬ e`n® Z¿i-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ssZh-
h-N\w hmbn®v N¿® sNbvXp-sIm≠v ¢mkv Bcw-`n-°p∂p.
hnip≤cpsS Nn{X߃ ImWn-®p-sIm≠v Hmtcm hnip-≤-cnepw
ImWp-∂ -{]-tXy-I-X-Iƒ N¿® -sN-øp-∂p. A\p-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øn¬
ssZh-lnXw \nd-th-‰p∂-h-cmWv hnip-≤-cmIp∂Xv F∂ kXyw
a\- n-em-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂p.
V ]mT_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
c≠mw ]mT-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse sNøp-∂p.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 101 JfinI 1.
2. t]Pv 101 JfinI 2,3.
3. t]Pv 103.
4. t]Pv 104 JfinI 1.
5. t]Pv 104 JfinI 2,3.
VI A\p-_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
Pohn-XØ - ns‚ hnhn[ Xpd-If
- n¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂h
- c
- n¬ \n∂pw
amXr-Im-]-c-ambn Pohn-°p∂ GXm\pw t]cpsS enkv‰p Xøm-dm-
°p-I. Ah-cn¬ sXfn-hm¿∂p \n¬°p∂ \∑-Iƒ Fgp-Xp-I.

42
 15
\hbpK-kr-jvSn-°mbv AWn-tNcmw
I BapJw
im¥nbpw kt¥m-jhpw \nd™ Hcp ]pXp-bpKw kz]v\w
ImWp-Ibpw AXn-\mbn {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cmWv A[n-
I-hpw. Cu ]pXp-bp-Kk
- r-jvSn-bn¬ ItØm-en°mkwL-S\ - I
- ƒ°p≈
]¶v a\- n-em-°m\pw {]mbm-\p-k-cWw X߃°p ]¶p-tN-cm-\p≈
kwL-S\ - I
- f
- n¬ kPo-ha
- mbn {]h¿Øn-°m\pw Ip´n-Iƒ°p t- {]cW
e`n°Ø-°-hn[w Cu ]mTw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°Ww.
II Ip´n-Iƒ kz¥-am-t°-≠Xv
a) t_m[yw
v Ak-am-[m\w \nd™ temI-Øn¬ kam-[m-\-Zm-Xm-hmb
Cutimsb \¬In-s°m≠v Hcp ]pXnb bpKw krjvSn-°p-
hm≥ ss{IkvX-h¿ IS-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p.
v k`m-a-°-fpsS ]cn-io-e-\-Øn\pw km£yw-h-ln-°-en\pw
klm- b - I - a m- I - Ø - ° - h n[w inip- { ]mbw apX¬ hnhn[
kwL-S-\m-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ss{IkvX-h¿ ]¶p-Im-cm-°-
s∏-Sp∂p.
v Xncp-_m-e-k-Jyw, sNdp-]pjv] anj≥eoKv, kn.-F¬.-kn,
sI.kn.- F - k v . - F ¬, sI.- k n.- s sh.- F w, F.- s I.- k n.- k n- ,
amXr]nXr-kw-L-S-\-Iƒ, hn≥k‚ v Un.-t]mƒ F∂nh
sb√mw \sΩ Cutim-bn¬ hf¿Øp∂ kwL-S-\-I-fm-Wv.
v kwL-S-\-Iƒt]m-se-Xs∂ CS-h-I-bpsS kPo-h-Xz-Øn\pw
hf¿®bv°pw klm-b-I-am-b-h-bmWv IpSpw-_-Iq-´m-bva-Iƒ.
v Cu kwL-S-\-I-fp-sSbpw Iq´m-bva-I-fp-sS-bp-sa√mw e£yw
k`sb ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øp-I-bm-Wv.
43
b) at\m-`mhw
v ItØm-en°mkwL-S-\m-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Xmev]cyw
v IpSpw-_-Iq-´m-bva-I-tfmSp kl-I-c-Ww.

c) ioew
v kwL-S-\m-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ kPo-h-ambn ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂p.
v IpSpw-_-Iq-´m-bva-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw a‰p-≈-hsc AXn-
\mbn t{]m¬km-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
III t_m[-t\m-]m-[n-Iƒ
CS-h-I-bnse kwL-S-\-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS Nn{X-߃,
ssZh-h-N\ Im¿Up-Iƒ, hnip≤ {KŸw, hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn¬
{]am-W-tc-J-Iƒ
IV ]mTm-h-X-cWw
CS-hI
- b
- nse hnhn[ kwL-S\
- I
- s
- f-°p-dn®pw CS-hI
- bv°v Ah-
h-gn- D-≠m-Ip∂ t\´-ß-sf°p-dn®pw N¿®-sN-bvXp-sIm≠v ¢mkv
Bcw-`n-°mw. IpSpw_Iq´m-bvam-eo-tU-gvkp-ambn Hcp A`n-apJw
\SØn Ah-bpsS e£y-{]m-]vXn-°mbn C\n Fs¥ms° sNø-
W-sa∂p N¿® sNømw. Hmtcm {]mb-Øn\pw A\p-krX-am-bp≈
kwL-S-\-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-t°-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX hni-Z-am°mw.
V ]mT_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
c≠mw ]mT-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse sNøp-∂p.
DØcw Is≠Ømw
1. t]Pv 108 JfinI 1.
2. t]Pv 108 JfinI 3.
3. t]Pv 109 JfinI 2 apX¬ t]Pv 110 Ah-km\w hsc.
4. t]Pv 111 JfinI 2.
5. t]Pv 113.
VI A\p-_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃
\nß-fpsS CS-h-I-bnse kwL-S-\m-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS Nn{X-
߃ kam-l-cn®v Hcp B¬_w Xøm-dm-°p-I.
44