BapJw

ssewKn-IXbpw enwK-]-Z-hnbpw (Sex and Gender) hn]p-e-amb kmwkvIm-cnI

hn\n-a-b-߃°p hnt[-b-am-Wv. Ncn-{X-Øn-ep-S-\ofw \S-∂n-´p≈ a\p-jys\]‰n-bp≈
hni-Ie
- \
- ß
- ƒ Gdn-b]
- ¶pw \S-∂n-´p-≈Xv ssewKn-IX
- b
- psSbpw enwK-]Z- h
- n-bpsSbpw
ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv. a\p-jys\ Ahs‚ kmaq-lnIkmwkvIm-cnI taJ-e-bn¬
{]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ ssewKn-I-X-bv°p≈ ]¶v hep-Xm-Wv. "a\p-jy≥ Bbn-cn-
°p-∂-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\w' F∂ antj¬ ^qt°mbpsS ssewKnIhymJym\w
ssewKn-IX
- b
- n-eq-sS-bp≈ a\p-jym-\p-`h
- Ø
- ns‚ kmI-eysØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. AXm-
bXv {]Xyp-Xv]m-Z\w, ssewKn-Im-\p-`qXn XpS-ßnb ssewKnI [¿a-߃°-∏pdw kmaq-
ln-I-L-S-\, A[n-Im-c-_-‘-߃, aX-]-c-X, PmXn-t_m-[w, tZiobt_m[w XpSßn
a\p- j y\v Nn¥- \ o- b - a mb GXp {]Xy- b imkv { Xt_m[- t ØmSpw _‘- s ∏´p
\n¬°p∂ H∂mWv ssewKn-IX.

F∂m¬ ssPhn-I-amb ssewKn-I-t_m-[-Øn¬\n∂v kmaq-ly-L-S-\-bpƒs°m-

≈p∂ enwK-]-Z-hn-bn-te-bv°p≈ (From Sex to Gender) Nn¥m-]-≤-Xn-bpsS ]cn-
Wmaw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Ønse ssewKn-Im-h-t_m-[-Øns‚ ]cn-Wmaw IqSn-bm-Wv.
]m›m-Xyhpw B[p-\n-I-hp-amb ⁄m\-]-≤-Xn-bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv Cu ]cn-
Wmaw {][m-\-ambpw kw`-hn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp ]cn-Wm-a-Øn-tebv°v
a\p-jy-k-aqlw FØn-bn´v A[n-I-Im-e-am-bn-√ F∂Xp {it≤-bw. B¨-˛-s]¨˛
CXcssewKnIh¿K-߃ (LGBTIQ) F∂o ssewKnIXm¬]-cy-ßsf _lp-kz-c-
amb kaq-l-Øn¬ Xncn-®-dn™pXpS-ßn-bnt´bp≈q F∂-XmWv bmYm¿∞yw.
AXn\p klm-b-I-am-b-Xm-Is´, enwK-]-Z-hn-bpsS cmjv{SobsØ°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥-
Iƒ Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]pcp-jm-[n-]-Xy-]-chpw ]nXr-tIm-bva-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb ssewKn-
IX F∂ hm°v Ncn-{X-Øn¬ hnaXssewKn-Ih¿K-ßsf ]cn-K-Wn-°msX BWn-
¬ D-d-®p-t]mb ]Z-am-bn-cp-∂p. CØcw _lp-Xsb \ntj-[n-°p∂ GI-]-£o-b-
13
I
amb ⁄m\-]-≤-Xn-bpsS s]m≈-Øcw Xpd-∂p-Im-´n-bm-bn-cp∂p s^an-\nÃvNn¥m-
]-≤-Xn DZbwsIm≠Xpw ]n∂oSv enwK-]-Zhn ]T-\-߃ F∂ t]cn¬ hn]p-e-amb
Hcp A]-{K-Y-\-]-≤Xn cq]wsIm≠-Xpw.

B[p-\n-IX
- b
- v°p-tijw Db¿∂p-h∂
- n-´p≈ Z¿i-\ß
- f
- n¬ enwK-]Z- hn]T-\ß
- ƒ
kv{Xohm-Z-]-T-\-ß-tfmSpw ]pcp-j-]-T-\-ß-tfm-Sp-sam∏w khn-ti-j-amb ]cm-a¿iw
A¿ln-°p-∂p-≠v. B¨tI{μn-X-amb (Male Centric) ]nXr-tIm-bva-bn¬ (Patriar-
chy) krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw, adn-®p-≈-Xns\ ]cn-K-Wn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp
kmaq-lnI{Ia-Øn¬ ]n¥-≈s
- ∏-´p-t]mb kv{XokzXzsØ Ipdn-®p≈ hnNm-cß
- f
- mWv
kv{XohmZNn¥-If
- n-tebv°pw enwK-]Z- hn ]T-\ß
- f
- n-tebv°pw Izo¿]T-\ß
- f
- n-te-bv°p-
ap≈ DØ-cm-[p-\nIZ¿i-\-ßsf hnI-kn-∏n-®-Xv. ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn \n¿Ωn-°-s∏´
enwK-t{i-Wnsb \ncm-I-cn®psIm≠pw, B¨˛ s]¨ CXch¿§ kmaq-ly-\n¿Ωn-
Xn-bnse cmjv{So-bsØ Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn A]\n¿Ωn®psIm≠p-amWv DØ-cm-[p-\nI
ssh⁄m-\nIaWvU-e-Øn¬ enwK-]-ZhnN¿®-Iƒ°v ASn-Ø-d-bn-´-Xv.

Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬Øs∂ ]pcp-j-\p-ambn _‘-s∏´p \n¬°p∂ kmaq-ly-˛-

cm-jv{Sob \ne-]m-Sp-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T\w F∂ \ne-bn¬ ]pcp-j-]-T-\-ßfpw
ssh⁄m-\n-I-[m-c-bn¬ Bcw-`n-®p. tdmt_m-Xmw, B¿. Uªyq tImtW¬, ]nbsd
t_m¿Zyp F∂n-h-cm-bn-cp∂p Cu Nn¥m-]-≤-Xn-bnse {][m\ IÆn-Iƒ. ]c-º-cm-
KX ]pcp-j\pw ]c-º-cm-KXkv{Xobpw ]nXr-tIm-bva-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb kmwkvIm-
cnI \n¿Ωn-Xn-bm-sW∂pw Cu \n¿Ωn-Xn-bpsS cmjv{So-b-˛-{]-Xy-b-im-kv{X-]m-£n-I-
Xsb a\-kn-em-°p-tºmƒ am{Xta enwK-]Z- hn]T-\ß
- fpw kv{Xohm-Z]
- T
- \
- ß
- fpw ]pcp-
j-]-T-\-ßfpw AXns‚ bYm¿∞A¿∞-Øn¬ hni-I-e\w sNø-s∏-Sp-I-bp≈q
F∂pw Ah¿ hmZn-®p. kvss{X-W-Xz-Øns‚ ]pcpjhnI-eo-I-c-W-ßsf hni-I-e\w
sNøp-tºmƒ ]mc-ºcy]pcp-j-\n¿Ωn-Xnsb A]\n¿Ωn-t°-≠-Xm-bn-´p-≠v. ]pcpj
]£-]m-XØns‚ hnL-So-I-c-Ww Ffp-∏-ap≈ DZy-a-a-√. tI‰v an√-‰ns‚ "ssewKn-I-
X-bpsS cmjv{Sobw' (Sexual Politics) tacn s^¿Kq-ks‚ "kmln-Xy-Ønse kv{Xo
_nw_-߃' (Images of Women in Literature) Fe≥ tjmhmƒ´dns‚ "kv{XoI-

II
14
 - n-bp≈ ]cn-Nn-¥\w' (A Literature of Their Own) hn¿Pn\nb hpƒ^ns‚ "kz¥-
sf-∏‰
amb Hcp apdn' (A Room of One’s Own) apX-emb cN-\-I-sf√mw Xs∂ CØcw
s]mfn-s®-gp-Øp-Iƒ°v -{i-an-®-h-bm-Wv.

temIkmln-Xy-Øn¬ ]S¿∂p ]¥-en® Cu Nn¥m-]-≤Xn F¨]-Xp-Iƒ°p-

tijw ae-bmfkmln-Xy-Ønepw Db¿∂ph∂p. _n. kc-kz-Xn-bΩ, efn-Xmw-_nI
A¥¿P-\w, am[-hn-°p´n XpS-ßnb Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-Iƒ kv{XohmZ]c-amb Bi-b-
ß-tfmSv A\p-`mhw ]pe¿Øp∂ cN-\-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw AXn\v ssk≤m-
¥n-I-amb ASn-Ød \¬In-bXv kmdm tPmk^v BWv. Xs‚ cN-\-I-fn-eqsS ]c-º-
cm-KX ]pcp-js\ A]\n¿Ωn®psIm≠mWv Ah¿ kv{XokzXz-t_m-[Ø
- ns‚ DW¿hv
km[y-am-°n-Øo¿Ø-Xv. C{]-Im-c-ap≈ ]pcpj\n¿Ωn-Xn-bpsS Ncn{Xhni-I-e-\hpw
AXp kaq-l-Øn¬ krjvSn-s®-SpØ th¿Xn-cn-hp-Ifpw Fs¥∂v At\z-jn-t°≠Xp
Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]pcpj\n¿Ωn-Xnsb Xs‚ t\mh-ep-I-fn-eqsS Fß-s\-bmWv hnL-So-
I-cn-°p-∂-sX∂pw A]\n¿Ωn-°p-∂-sX-∂pw Is≠-ØpI, ]c-º-cm-KX ]pcp-js\
F{]-Im-c-amWv Ah¿ k¿Km-fl-I-ambn ]p\-c-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv F∂p hni-I-e\w
sNøpI, CXn-\p≈ ]cn-{i-a-amWv Cu {]_-‘w.

s^an-\nÃv{]Xy-b-im-kv{X-Øn-eqsS Bcw-`n-°p∂ _lp-kz-c-amb enwKm-kvXn-

Xz-Øns‚ ]pXnb Z¿i-\-ß-fpsS `qan-I-bn-emWv kmdm tPmk^v 1999 ¬ "Bem-l-
bpsS s]¨a°ƒ' {]kn-≤o-Icn°p-∂-Xv. {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-Ønepw Ncn-{X-]-c-X-bnepw
kmaq-lym-h-t_m-[-Ønepw Dd-∏n®p \n¿Ønb t\mh-ep-I-fm-bn-cn°p-tºmƒØs∂
enwK-t{i-Wn-bn¬ \n¿Ωn-°s
- ∏´ a\p-jys‚ \n¿h-N\
- ß
- f
- m-bn-cp∂p Ah. 1999 apX¬
Fgp-X-s∏´ Bem-l-bpsS s]¨a-°ƒ, am‰m-Øn, BXn, HX-∏v, Ducv Imh¬, Btfm-
lcn B\μw F∂o t\mh-ep-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv Cu Kth-jWw cq]-s∏-
Sp-Øn-b-Xv.

Kth-jW{]{In-bbpw coXn-im-kv{Xhpw

Kth-jW{]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ {]mY-an-I-L-´-Øn¬ hnj-b-Øns‚ kao-]-\-

imkv{Xw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ ]e-hn[ k¶o¿ÆX--Iƒ A\p-`-h-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. enwK-
15
III
]-Z-hn-sb∂ hn]p-e-amb hnj-bw, kpZo¿L-amb a\p-jy-N-cn-{X-Øn-eqsS cq]-s∏-
´Xpw -t_m-[-Øn-ep-d®p t]mb-Xp-amb ]pcp-jm-[n-Imc t_m[-߃, kmdm tPmk-
^ns‚ t\mh-ep-I-fnse {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-cX F∂nh ka-\z-bn-∏n-°pI {ia-I-c-am-
bn-cp-∂p. ]pcpj \n¿Ωn-Xn-bpsS Ncn-{Xhpw AXns‚ kmaq-lnIkmwkvIm-cnIkqN-
\-I-tfbpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂Xn\mbn s^an-\nÃv{]Xy-b-imkv{X\n¿Ωn-Xn-sb ^e-{]-
Z-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°pI F∂Xpw {ia-I-c-amb Imcy-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, s]¨
coXn-im-kv{X-Øns‚ G‰hpw hni-Ie
- \
- m-flI
- hpw k¿Km-flI
- h
- p-amb D]-Ic
- W
- b
- p‡n
km[n-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]mc-º-cy-\n¿ΩnX]pcp-j-k-¶¬]sØ F{]-Im-c-amWv
kmdm tPmk^v A]\n¿Ωn-®Xv F∂mWv Cu Kth-j-W-Øn¬ At\z-jn-°p-∂-Xv.
"s]Æv' F∂ X∑sb cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn¬ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb "B¨' F∂ X∑-bpsS
ssk≤m-¥n-I-Xew cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ amXr-I-bm-sb-Sp-Øn-´p-≈Xv B¿, Uªyq sImtW-
en-t‚bpw ]nbdn t_m¿Zyq-hn-t‚bpw Nn¥m-am-Xr-II-sf-bm-Wv. sshtZ-in-I-amb Hcp
ImgvN∏
- m-Sn¬ cq]o-Ir-Xa
- mb ]pcp-j]
- T
- \
- ß
- f
- m-sW-¶nepw Ah¿ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ B¨
hyh-lm-c-߃ ]tcm-£-ambn am{X-a√ {]Xy-£-ambpw tIc-fob kmaq-lnIkml-
N-cy-Øn¬ Zriy-am-Wv.

c≠v ssk≤m-¥nI{]iv\-ß-fmWv Cu Kth-j-W-Øn-\v ASn-Ø-d-bm-b-Xv. H∂v,

B[p-\n-I-amb enwK-]-Zhn]T-\-ß-fpsS am\-I-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v \n¿W-bn-°p-tºmƒ
kvss{X-W-Xbpw ]pcp-jo-b-Xbpw CXcssewKn-I-Xbpw XΩn¬ t{iWo-]-c-amb
hyXym-k-ap-≠m-hm≥ ]mSn√ F∂n-cn-s°, GXv Ncn-{X, kmaq-ln-I, kmwkvIm-cnI
bp‡n- D-]-tbm-Kn-®mWv ]pcp-j-tImbva km[y-am-bXv? c≠v, Ncn-{X-Øn¬ t_m[-
]q¿hw krjvSn-°-s∏-´Xpw ]n∂oSv At_m-[-ambn B¥-cn-I-h-Xv°-cn-°-s∏-´Xp-amb
]pcp-j-tIm-bva-bpsS kzoIm-cyX kv{XohmZNn¥-Iƒ°v F¥p-sIm≠v kmam\y P\-
ß-fpsS CS-bn¬ e`n-°p-∂n-√. kmam\y hyh-lmctaJ-e-bpsS At_m-[-ambn ]pcp-
j- t Im- b v a sb hn\y- k n- ® - X n\v aX- k m- l n- X y- ß ƒ°pw, antØm- f - P n- b v ° pw,
t^mIvtemdn\pw k¿Km-fl-km-ln-Xy-Øn\pw henb ]¶p-s≠∂p ImWmw. Cßs\
At_m-[-am-bn-Øo¿∂ ]pcp-js\ \ncm-I-cn®psIm≠p am{Xta BW-[n-Im-c-ßsf

16
IV
XI¿°m≥ Ignbq F∂v DØ-cm-[p-\nI⁄m\aWvU-e-Øn¬ s^an-\nÃvssk≤m-
¥n-I¿ Icp-Xp-∂p. F∂m¬ BW-[n-Im-cß
- sf At_m-[a
- m-°nb ta¬∏-d™ cN\m
k{º-Zm-b-߃ F√mwXs∂ ]pcp-j-]-chpw ]pcpj\n¿Ωn-X-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-
≠p-Xs∂ CØcw cN-\m-k-{º-Zm-b-ßsf s]mfn-s®-gp-XpI Ffp-∏-a-√. Cu s]mfn-
s®-gp-Øns‚ ssk≤m-¥n-I-Xsb ae-bmfkmln-Xy-Øn¬ BZy-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-
°p-∂Xv kmdm tPmk^v BWv. AXm-bXv s^an-\nÃv {]Xy-b-im-kv{XsØ kmln-
Xy-c-N-\-bpsS ssk≤m-¥nIam\-I-ambn Ah¿ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw Aßs\ Xs‚
cN-\-Isf {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-\n¿Ωn-Xn-bpsS k¿Km-flID]-I-c-W-ß-fm-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.

`mj-bn¬ ]pcp-j-]-T-\-ß-fpsS A`mhw as‰mcp sh√p-hn-fn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tPm¿Pv

HmW-°q-dns‚ "\mbI k¶¬]w ae-bmf t\mh-ep-If
- n¬' sk_m-Ãy≥ h´-a‰
- Ø
- ns‚
"enwK-PmXn {]Xy-b-imkv{Xw', hn.-Sn. k\ojns‚ (F-Un.) "]pcp-j-th-j-߃', Imen-
°‰v bqWnthgvkn‰n sk≥{S¬ {]kv ]pd-Øn-d-°nb "enwK-t`ZØns‚ kmaq-ly-im-
kv{Xw' cmtPjv Fw. Bdns‚ (F-Un.)"enwK-]-Z-hn-]-T-\-߃' apX-em-b-h-sb√mw enwK-
]-Zhn ssk≤m-¥n-I-Xsb kmam-\y-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw Ah ]q¿W-
ambpw ]pcp-j-]-T-\-ß-fpsS ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcp∂hbm-bn-cp-∂n-√. Cw•ojv ]pkvX-I-
ß-fpsS samgn-am‰w hfsc {ia-I-c-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

]c-º-cm-KX]pcpjk¶¬]w, Ah-bpsS A]\n¿Ωn-Xn, kv{Xohm-Zw, CXc

ssewKnI Imgv N - ∏ m- S p- I ƒ, Ah- b psS tIc- f o- b - a mb ssk≤m- ¥ nI]cn- k - c w,
cmjv{Sob˛ kmaq-ln-I-˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI hyh-lm-c-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw Cu {]_-
‘-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcp-∂p-≠v. ]pcp-j≥ F∂ kmaq-ln-I˛ Ncn-{X-˛-kmw-kvIm-
cnI\n¿Ωn-Xnsb kv{XohmZkao-]-\-ß-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Xmc-X-aym-fl-I-ambn
hni-I-e\w sNøp-Ibpw ]pcp-j≥ F∂ ]c-º-cm-KX{]Xn-\n-[m-\-Øn\v s]sÆ-gp-
Øp-Im¿ s]mXp-hnepw kmdm tPmk^v {]tXy-I-ambpw \¬Ip∂ ]pXnb A¿∞-
ß-sfbpw A]-{K-Yn-°p∂ Xmc-X-aym-flIhni-I-e\ coXn-bmWv Cu ]T-\-Øn\v
B[m-c-ambn kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. "B¨ ˛s]¨ X≥a-Isf' hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂-

17
V
Xns‚ `mK-ambn \c-hw-i-˛-a-\-imkv{X hni-I-e-\-ß-sf-bpw, \nb-Xm¿∞-Øn-e-s√-
¶nepw A]\n¿amW (De- Construction) hni-I-e-\-co-Xn-bpsS km[y-X-Ifpw ]T-
\-Øn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v.

Bap-Jhpw \nK-a-\hpw IqSmsX \mev A[ym-b-ßfpw A\p-_-‘-ambn Cw•o-

jv˛ ae-bmfw sP≥U¿ ]Z-tIm-i-hp-a-S-ßp∂XmWv "]pcp-j≥ A]\n¿ΩnXnbpw
{]Xn-\n-[m-\hpw, kmdm-tPm-k-^ns‚ t\mh-ep-I-fn¬' F∂ Cu {]_-‘w. H∂mw
A[ymbw enwK-]-Z-hn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ [mc-W-Ifpw AXns‚ ssk≤m-¥n-I-amb hni-
I-e-\-ß-fp-am-Wv. enwK-]-Z-hn-sb∂ ]Z-Øns‚ \n¿h-N-\w, ]nXr-tIm-bva-bn-e-[n-jvTn-
X-amb enwK-t{i-Wn-bpsS \n¿Ωn-Xn, CØcw t{iWn-bn¬ B¨˛ s]¨˛ CX-c-
h¿K˛enwK-ß-fpsS ÿm\w apX-em-bh hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p. ]pcp-j-]-T-\-ß-fpsS ka-
{K-Xbv°p th≠n s^an-\nÃv ssk≤m-¥n-Isc kmam-t\y\ hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ ]cn-
{i-an-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. ]pcp-j≥ F∂ \n¿Ωn-Xnsb kmaq-ln-Ia
- mbpw ssk≤m-¥n-Ia
- mbpw
Ncn-{X-]-c-ambpw hne-bn-cp-Øp∂ Cu A[ym-b-Øn¬ B¿. U_yq. sImtW¬,
Cbm≥ l¿hn, ]nb-td-t_m¿Zyp F∂n-hc
- psS Nn¥-Iƒ ssk≤m-¥nIASn-Ød
- b
- mbn
kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. bh-\, blq-Z, sslμ-h, {InkvXy≥ ]mc-º-cy-Ønse ]pcpj
\n¿Ωn-Xn-sbbpw hni-I-e\hnt[-b-am-°p-∂p-≠v.

]pcpj\n¿ΩnXn kmdm tPmk-^ns‚ t\mh-ep-I-fn¬ F∂ c≠mw A[ymbw

Cu {]_-‘-Øns‚ hni-I-e\ `mK-am-Wv. H∂mw A[ym-b-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬
kmdm tPmk-^ns‚ t\mh-ep-I-fn-eqsS hni-I-e\w sNø-s∏´ BW-[n-Imc ]cn-k-
c-Øn¬ cq]wsIm≠Xpw Ncn-{X-\n-tj-[-Øns‚]mT-߃ hmbn-s®-Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xp-amb
]pcpj\n¿Ωn-Xnsb A]-{K-Yn-°p-∂p. kmlnXyNn¥-bnepw s]mXp-hn¬ k¿Km-flI
kmln-Xy-Ønepw {]Xy-I-ambn ae-bmft\mh-enepw Bhn-jvIr-X-am-Ip∂ GI-]-£o-
b-amb ]pcpjho£-Wß
- sf A]-{K-Yn-°p-∂t- Xm-sSm∏w ]T-\Ø
- n\v FSp-Øn-cn-°p∂
t\mh-ep-Isf A[n-I-cn-®p≈ hni-Z-]-T-\hpw Cu A[ym-b-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-
°p∂p. ae-bmft\mh¬kmln-Xy-Ønse \mbI]mc-º-cysØ Ncn-{X-L´hn`-P-\-
Øns‚ klm-b-tØmsS A]-{K-Yn-°p-∂p.

18
VI
 aq∂mwA[ymbw ]pcpj\n¿Ωn-Xn-bn¬ kmdm tPmk-^v kzoI-cn® s]¨coXn
imkv{XsØ hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂p. ap≥A[ymbw kmdm tPmk-^ns‚ Bdp t\mh-
ep-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n Ah-cpsS ]pcpjIYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS hni-I-e-\-am-bn-cp-s∂-
¶n¬ AXn-eqsS ]pcp-js‚ A[n-ImcLS\ XI¿Øv a\pjyNcn{XwsXm´n-tßm´v
t_m[-]q¿Δ-ambn krjvSn-®Xpw ]n∂oSv At_m-[-ambn kzoI-cn-®-Xp-amb "]pcp-j≥'
F∂ htcWyk¶¬]-Øns‚ hymP-\n¿Ωn-Xnsb k¿Km-flIkmln-Xy-Ønse
s]¨coXn-imkv{Xw D]-tbm-Kn®v Fßs\ am‰n-sb-gpXn F∂pw (Feminist Peda-
gogy) s]¨coXn-imkv{Xw GsX√mw coXn-bn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂pw
hnh-cn-°p-∂p.

\memw A[ymbw Xs‚ t\mh-ep-I-fn-eqsS kmdm tPmk^v A]-\n¿Ωn-°p∂

]pcp-j-tem-I-Øns‚ hni-I-e-\-am-Wv. aXw, IpSpw-_w, tZio-b-X, PmXn apX-em-b-h-
bn¬ ]pcp-j≥ F{]-Imcw apIƒØ-´n-se-Øn-sb-∂pw, AXv F{Xta¬ kv{Xohncp-
≤-am-bn-cp-s∂∂pw N¿® sNøp-∂p. ta¬]-d™ kmaq-lnIhyh-lmccwK-ß-fn¬
kv{Xo c≠mwXc-°m-cn-bm-bXv Fß-s\-sb∂pw hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂p. D]-kw-lmc
`mK-amb \nK-a-\-߃ \mev A[ym-b-ß-fnepw cq]-s∏´ Bi-b-ß-fpsS t{ImUo-I-c-
W-am-Wv.

enwK-]-Zhn ]T-\-ß-fn¬ ]pcpj]T-\-ta-J-e-Iƒ hnI-kn-X-am-Ip∂ Hcp ⁄m\

aWvUeamWv. kvss{XWX≥a-sb-Ip-dn-®p≈ ]T-\ß
- ƒ [mcm-fa
- p-≠m-bn-´p-sW-¶nepw
s^an-\n-ksØ ka-{K-am-°p∂ ]pcp-j-]-T-\-ßfpw hnaXssewKn-I-]-T-\-ßfpw
C\nbpw [mcm-f-ambn D≠m-th-≠-Xp-≠v. kmdm-tPm-k-^ns‚ kmln-Xy-tem-IsØ
AXns‚ ka-{K-Xb
- n¬ Cu Kth-jW
- Ø
- n¬ ]T-\h
- n-jb
- a
- m-°n-bn-´n-√. H´-\h
- [n sNdp-
I-Y-I-fpw, teJ-\-ß-fpw, Bfl-I-Y-Ifpw Cu {]_-‘-c-N\ GXm≠v ]q¿Øn-bm-
°n-b-Xn-\p-tijw Fgp-X-s∏´ "_p[n\n' F∂ t\mhepw Cu At\z-j-W-Øns‚
]cn-[n-bn¬ h∂n-´n-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Cu {]_-‘sØ ]pXnb coXn-bn¬ hn]p-
e-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu BapJw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-apºv {]_-‘-sa-gp-Xm≥
kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ \nb-am-h-en-sb-°p-dn®pw kqNn-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. t\mh¬ ]T-\-am-

19
VII
b-Xp-sIm≠pXs∂ [mcmfw D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ (t\m-h¬ `mK-߃) D]-tbm-Kn-t°≠n
h∂n-´p-≠v. FSpØp tN¿Øn-´p≈ t\mh¬ `mK-߃ C‰m-enIvkn¬ \¬In-bn-cn-
°p-∂p. {]_-‘-Øn-s\m-Sp-hn¬ enwK-]-Zhn kw_-‘n-bmb Hcp eLp-]-Z-tIm-ihpw
\¬In-bn-´p-≠v.

20
VIII