am¿Iv k nkØn\v
CWßptam,
aXhpw Iayq-Wnkhpw
Hcpan®p sIm≠pt]mIm≥
Ignbptam F∂ tNmZyØn\v
Zim–ßfpsS ]g°ap≠v.
Adnbs∏´ Iayq-WnÃv
t\Xm°ƒ ]m¿´nbp-
t]£n°ptºmsg√mw Cu
tNmZyw kmwkvImcnI
tIcfØn¬ N¿®bm-
hmdpap≠v. bYm¿YØn¬
Iayq-WnkØn\v aX-
tØmSp≈ \ne]msS¥mWv?
aXØn\v IayqWnk-
tØmSp≈ \bsa¥mWv?
{]kvXpX hnjbØnte°v
shfn®w hoip∂ teJ\w.
2010 s^-{_-p-h-c-n-
aXkvt\lØns‚
]pX∏v?
apkvX^m X≥ho¿ ■-
"Xmc-aq-ey-ap≈' GsX-¶nepw cmjv{Sob t\Xm-°ƒ aX-
hn-izm-k-Øns‚ t]cn¬ Iayq-WnÃv ]m¿´n-I-fn¬ \n∂v
]pdØp t]mcp-tºm-sgms° \ΩpsS kmwkvIm-cnI cwKØv
D{K≥ hmIv]-b-‰p-Iƒ \S-°m-dp-≠v. Xs‚ aX-hn-izm-ksØ
AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ ]m¿´n k∂-≤-am-hp-∂n-s√∂v ]mf-b-ap-
t]-£n®p t]m∂ t\Xmhv; ]m¿´n aX-hn-izm-k-Øn-s\-Xn-cm-
sW∂ {]Nm-cWw ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-am-sW∂v "_p≤n-Po-hn-
Iƒ'; aX-hn-izm-ksØ Dƒs°m-≈m≥ am{Xw ]m¿´n Ct∏m-
gpw hf¿∂n-´n-s√∂v am[y-a-߃! bYm¿Y-Øn¬ ae-bm-fn-
bpsS {]_p-≤-XsbØs∂ sIm™\wIpØp∂ N¿®-I-fm-
Wn-h-sb-√mw. am¿Ivkn-khpw aXhpw ssItIm¿Øp \S-°p-
I-bn-s√∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ t\Xm-°ƒ°v km[n-®Xv Ct∏mƒ
am{X-amtWm? ]pd-Øp-t]mb t\Xm-°ƒ°v adp-]Sn Fgp-Xm≥
Kme≥ IW-°n\v ajn sNe-hm-°p∂ _p≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ-°p-
t≠m Ch c≠pw HØp-t]m-Ip-sa∂ A`n-{]m-bw? am¿Ivkn-
kw ASn-ÿm-\m-Z¿i-ambn kzoI-cn® Hcp {]ÿm-\-Øn\pw
aX-hn-izm-ksØ t{]m¬km-ln-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bn-s√∂ kXyw
Adn-bm-Ø-h-cmtWm ae-bmf\m´nse am[y-a-Ø-ºp-cm-°-
∑m¿? "A√' F∂p-≈-XmWv Cu tNmZy-߃s°√map≈
kXy-k-‘-amb DØcw F∂v hnth-Ia-Xn-I-sfms° AwKo-
I-cn-°pw. F¶n¬ ]ns∂ F¥n-\mWv Cu tIm{]m-b-ß-sf-
√mw?
11
 Iayq--WnÃv {]Xybimkv{X-Øns‚
ssk≤m-¥nImSnØ-db - mb sshcp-[ym-[n-
jvTnX `uXn-I-hmZw ]Zm¿Ym-Xo-X-amb
hkv X p- X - I sf \ntj- [ n- ° p- h m- \ mWv
{]mY-an-I-am-bn-Øs∂ Blzm\w sNøp-
∂Xv. F∂m¬ C{µn-b-tKm-N-c-a-√mØ
AØcw At\Iw hkvXp-XI-fn¬ ASn-
bp-d®v hnizkn-°-W-sa-∂mWv aX-{]-am-
W-߃ Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂-Xv.- Hcp bYm¿Y
aX-hn-izm-kn°v Iayq-Wn-k-tØmSv cmPn-
bm-hm≥ Ign-bn-s√∂v aX-]-WvUn-X-∑m¿
hy‡-am-°m-\p≈ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb
Imc-W-hpw CXm-Wv.
aX- t Øm- S p≈ Iayq- W n- k - Ø ns‚
\ne-]m-sS-¥m-sW∂v AXns‚ BNm-
cy≥am¿ kwi-b-߃°n-S-bn-√mØ hn-
[w tcJ-s∏-SpØn sh®n-´p-≠v. "On reli-
gion' (a-XsØ ]‰n) F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬
kam-l-cn-°-s∏-´n-´p≈ am¿Ivkn-s‚bpw
GwK¬kn-s‚bpw se\n-\ns‚bpw "aX-
te-J-\-߃' {]Jym-]n-°p-∂Xv t\m°p-
I: "am¿Ivknkw `uXn-Ih - m-ZamWv. Bb-
¿Y-Øn¬ 18mw \q‰m-≠nse F≥sskIv-
tfm- ] oUn- Ã p- I fpw ^b¿_m- ° ns‚
`uXn-I-hm-Zhpw F{X I≠p Xo{hambn
aX-Øn-s\-Xn-cm-bn-cp-∂p-thm, AtX Xc-
Øn¬ am¿Ivkn-khpw aX-Øn-s\-Xn-cm-
Wv... aX-Øn-s\-Xnsc t]mcm-SpI˛ CXm-
Wv F√m `uXn-I-hm-Z-Øn-s‚bpw AXp-
sIm≠pXs∂ am¿Ivkn-k-Øn-s‚bpw
lcn{in a{¥w. F∂m¬ am¿Ivknkw
lcn-{in-bn¬ \n∂v t]mb Hcp `uXn-I-
hm-Za
- √
- . AXv lcn-{in-°∏- pdw t]mIp-∂p.
""\mw aX-Øn-s\-Xnsc t]mcm-SWw; AXn-
\p th≠n hnizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw aX-Øn-
s‚bpw {]`-h-tI-{µ-sØ-°p-dn®v P\-ß-
ƒ°n-S-bn¬ `uXn-I-imkv{X coXn hni-
Zo-I-cn-°Ww' F∂mWv am¿Ivknkw
A\p-im-kn-°p-∂-Xv.'' (1)
2010 s^-{_-p-h-c-n-
C≥Uybnse Iayq-WnÃv ssk≤m-
¥n-Icpw hf-®p-sI-´e - p-Isfm∂p-an-√msX
Bh¿Øn®v ]d-™n-´p-≈Xv C°mcyw
Xs∂-bm-Wv. C.Fw.-Fkv \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv
Fgp-Xn-b-Xn-ß-s\: ""am¿Ivknkw `uXn-
I-hm-Z-amWv. AXv hn´p-ho-gvNbn-√msX
aX-Øn-s\-Xn-cmWv. CXv X¿°-a‰ Imcy-
am- W v . \mw aX- t ØmSv G‰p- a p- ´ - W w.
Fßn-s\ G‰p-ap-´-W-sa∂v \ap°v Adn-
™n-cn-°-Ww. aX-Øns‚ kmaqlyth-
cp-Iƒ ]ngpXpIf-b-emWv Cu {]h¿Ø-
\-Øn‚ Dt±-iyw.''(2)
Iayq--WnÃv {]Xybimkv{X-Øns‚ ssk≤m-¥nImSnØ-d-
bmb sshcp-[ym-[n-jvTnX `uXn-I-hmZw ]Zm¿Ym-Xo-X-amb
hkvXp-X-Isf \ntj-[n-°p-hm-\mWv {]mY-an-I-am-bn-Øs∂
Blzm\w sNøp-∂Xv. bYm¿Y aX-hn-izm-kn°v Iayq-Wn-
k-tØmSv cmPn-bm-hm≥ Ign-bn-s√∂v aX-]-WvUn-X-∑m¿
hy‡-am-°m-\p≈ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb Imc-W-hpw CXm-Wv.
ssZh-hn-izm-k-am-Wt√m aX-Øns‚
B[m-c-in-e. F¥mWv ssZh-hn-izm-k-
tØm-Sp≈ am¿Ivkn-kØ - ns‚ \ne-]mSv?
se\n≥ hy‡-am-°s - ´: ""sshcp[ym-flI
`uXn-I-hmZw ]cn-]q¿W-ambpw \nco-iz-
c-hm-Z] - c-am-Wv. {Inbm-]c - a
- mbn Xs∂ F-
√m aX-߃°pw FXn-cm-W-Xv.''(3) "]cn-
]q¿W-ambpw \nco-iz-ch - m-Z]- c
- hpw {Inbm-
]- c - a mbnØs∂ F√m aX- ß ƒ°pw
FXncpw' Bb sshcp- [ ym[n- j v T nX
`uXn-I-hm-Z-Øm¬ akvXnjvI {]£m-
f\w sNø-s∏´ se\n≥ HIvtSm-_¿ hnπ-
h-Øn\v tijw ""\mw ssZh-hp-ambn a√n-
Spw. AXyp-∂X kz¿K-Øn¬ sh®v Ah-
s\ \mw Iog-S° - pw. Ah≥ A`bw tXSp-
∂n-Ss - Ø√mw sN∂p \mw Ahs\ imiz-
X-ambn \n{K-ln-°pw'' F∂v {]kvXm-hn-
°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
\ΩpsS \m´nse am¿IvknÃv _p≤n-
Po-hn-I-fn-te°v aSßn hcmw. tZ_n
{]kmZv NtXm-]m-[ymb am¿Ivkn-ksØ
hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv ""ZrV-amb \nco-izc-
-hm-Z-Øns‚ Hcp cq]w''(4) F∂m-Wv. am¿-
Ivkns\ At±lw hmgvØp-∂Xv ""Cuiz-
c Bi-bsØ AXn-{I-an®v hf-cm-\p≈
icn-bmb am¿K-ta-sX∂v ImWn®p X∂
BZysØ Zm¿i-\n-I≥''(5) F∂v ]d™p
12
sIm≠m-Wv. hn Fkv ANyp-Xm-\-µs‚
kzcw A¬]w IqSn kv]jvS-am-Wv. Iayq-
WnÃv ]m¿´n saº¿am¿°v Cuizc/aX
hnizm-k-tØmSp≠mbncn-t°≠ kao-
]\w F¥m-sW∂v hni-Zo-Ic - n®v sIm≠v
At±lw FgpXn: ""GXv am¿Ivkn-Ãv ]m¿-
´nbpw B[m-c-am-°p-∂Xv sshcp-[ym-Xn-
jvTnX `uXn-IX
- b
- m-Wv. Cuiz-c\
- n-√m-Ø-
Xv sIm≠v hy‡n-Iƒ°v Cuiz-c-hn-izm-
kw Bh-iy-an-s√-∂m-Wv B Z¿i-\-Øn-
s‚ Is≠-ج. AXn\p th≠n-bmWv
Iayq-WnÃv ]m¿´n {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv.
AXn-\m¬ AXnse AwK-߃ aX-hn-
izm-kn-I-fm-h-cpXv.''(6) {_n´ojv hncp≤
hnπh {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v t\XrXzw
sImSp-Øn-cp∂ `KXv knwKv \nco-iz-c-hm-
Zn-bmbnØo¿∂Xv sshcp-[ym-[njvTnX
`uXn-I-hm-Z-Øns‚bpw am¿IvknÃv se-
\n-\n-Ãv kmln-Xy-ß-fp-sSbpw kzm[o\
^e-am-bm-sW∂v At±-l-Øns‚ Iayq-
WnÃv Poh-Nc - n-{X-Im-c≥ A`n-am-\]- q¿hw
sIm´n-tLm-j-n°p-tºm-gpw(7) A\m-hr-X-
am-Ip-∂Xv am¿Ivknkw Cuiz-ch - n-izm-k-
tØmSv kzoI-cn-°p∂ \ne]mSv Xs∂-
bm-Wv.
ac-Wm-¥c Pohn-X-Øn-ep≈ hnizm--
khpw {]Xo-£-bp-am-Wv aX-hn-izm-kn-I-
fpsS˛{]tXy-In®v apkvenwI-fpsS˛Po-hn-
XsØ Zo]vX-am-°p-∂Xpw \nb-{¥n-°p-
∂-Xpw. ""-kz¿KsØ ]ptcm-ln-X∑ - m¿°pw
_q¿jzm aX-{`m-¥-∑m¿°p-ambn hn´p-
sIm-SpØv Cu `qan-bn¬ anI® PohnXw
sI´n∏Sp-°m≥ aX-Øns‚ aqS¬a-™n-
s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ t]mcm-´-Øn¬ imkv{X-
Øns‚ klmbw tXSp-I-bpw h¿Ø-am-
\-Im-eØv anI® Pohn-X-Øn\v th≠n
s]mcp-Xm≥ sXmgn-em-fn-Isf Hcp-an®v
tN¿Øv ac-Wm-¥-c-Po-hn-X-Øn-ep≈ hn-
izm-k-Øn¬ \n∂v Ahsc hnS¿Øn-sb-
Sp-°p-I-bp-amWv tkmjy-enkw sNøp-∂-
Xv''(8) F∂ am¿IvknÃv kq‡wac-Wm\-
¥-c-ap≈ kz¿K-{]m-]vXnbpw \c-I-ap-
‡nbpw ImØn-cn-°p∂ aX-hn-izm-kn-
Iƒ°v \¬Ip∂ ktµiw F¥m-sW-
∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ hnth-I-a-Xn-Iƒ°v
{]bm-k-ap-≠m-In-√.
{]hm-N-I-∑mcpw thZ-{K-Ÿ-ßfpw
a\p-jy¿°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ønb \∑-I-
fn¬ kp{]-[m-\-amb H∂m-Wv Zm\-[¿a-
߃. ac-Wm-¥-c-ap≈ ]pWyw {]Xo-
£n®v Xs‚ kzØn¬ \n∂v Htcm-lcn
]mh-s∏-´-h¿°v th≠n \o°n-sh-°m-
\p≈ aXm-lzm-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ am¿-
IvknÃv "Xnkokv' ImWpI: ""a‰p-≈-h-
cpsS A[zm-\-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-∂-h-tcmSv
aXw D]-tZ-in-°p-∂Xv thsdmcp Imcy-
am-Wv. `qan-bnse Pohn-X-Øn¬ Zbm-]q-
¿W-amb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ \¬IpI F-∂m-
Wv aXw Ah-tcm-Sp-]t- Z-in-°p-∂X - v. Nqj-
I-∑m¿ F∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ Ah-cpsS \ne-
\n¬]ns\ \ymbo-I-cn-°m-\p≈ hne-Ip-
d™ Hcp am¿K-am-WX - v.- kz¿K-Øn-te°v
IS-°p-hm-\p≈ hne-Ip-d™ Hcp Sn°‰v
CØ-cØ - n¬ aXw Ah¿°v kΩm-\n-°p-
∂p.''(9) aX-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\XØz-ß-
tfmSpw hniZmwiß-tfmSpw am{X-a-√,
{]tbm-Kc - o-Xn-It- fmSp t]mepw Ie-ln-°p-
∂ Hcp {]Xy-bi - m-k{v X-amWv am¿Ivkn-kw
F∂mWv CXn¬ \ns∂ms° \ap°v a\-
 n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-I. ssZh-Z-Øhpw
hnip-≤h - p-amb Hcp kmaq-ly-ÿm-]\ - a- m-
bn aX-{K-Ÿ-߃ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂
IpSpw-_sØ Ncn-{X-Øns‚ ]cn-Wm-aK - p-
]vXn-If - n-se-hn-sStbm sh®p-cp-Øn-cn™-
Xpw \nc-h[n A\o-Xn-Isf kwh-ln-°p-
∂-Xp-amb Hcp Nqj-tWm-]m-[n-bm-bn-´m-
Wv am¿Ivknkw a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv(10)
F∂ hkvXp-Xbpw CØ-cp-W-Øn¬
2010 s^-{_-p-h-c-n-
kvac-Wo-b-am-Ip-∂p.
"aXw a\p-jys\ ab-°p∂ Idp-∏m-
Wv' F∂ am¿Ivkns‚ hnJym-X-amb
\nco-£Ww kµ¿`-Øn¬ \n∂v AS-
¿Øn-sb-Sp-Ø-p-sIm-≠mWv am¿Ivknkw
aX-hn-cp-≤-am-sW∂ {]Nm-cWw Ac-ßp-
X-I¿°p-∂-sX∂pw bYm¿Y-Øn¬ am¿-
Ivkn-k-Øns‚ ssk≤m-¥n-Itam {]m-
tbm-Kn-Itam Bb D≈-S°w aX-hn-cp-≤-
a-s√-∂pw hmZn-°p-∂-h-cp-≠v. "aXw a\p-
jys\ ab-°p∂ Idp-∏mWv' F∂ {]kv-
Xm-h\ am¿Ivkv \S-Øn-bn-´n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-
"aXw a\p-jys\ ab-°p∂ Idp-∏mWv' F∂ {]kvXm-h\
am¿Ivkv \S-Øn-bn-´n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ t]mepw `uXn-I-
hm-ZØ
- n‚ aqibn¬ hm¿°-s∏-´ Hcp {]Xy-bi
\ne°v am¿Ivknkw kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw aX-hn-cp-≤w Xs∂-
bmWv
sh- ¶ n¬ t]mepw `uXn- I - h m- Z - Ø n‚
aqibn¬ hm¿°-s∏-´ Hcp {]Xy-b-imkv-
{Xw F∂ \ne°v am¿Inkw kzm`m-hn-
I-ambpw aX-hn-cp-≤-am-Ipambn-cp-∂p-sh-
∂pw \mw \tS D≤-cn-®-Xp-t]msebp≈
aX-hn-cp-≤-amb a‰-t\Iw ]cm-a¿i߃
]c-∂p-In-S-°p∂ am¿IvknÃv kmln-Xy-
ß- f neps≠- ∂ pap≈ efn- X - h - k v X p- X -
Isf ad- ∂ p- s Im- ≠ mWv CØ- c - ° m¿
"_p≤nPohn' Na-bm-dp-≈-Xv. F¥m-bn-cp-
∂mepw aXw a\p-jys\ ab-°p∂ Idp-
∏mWv F∂ am¿Ivkn-b≥ {]kvXm-h-\-
bpsS sXm´p-ap-I-fnepw Xmsg-bp-ap≈
hmN-I-߃ {i≤n°mw: ""Cu `c-W-Iq-
Shpw kaq-lhpw aX-sa∂ Xe-Xn-cn™
{]]-©m-ht_m-[sØ krjvSn-°p∂p;
Fs¥-∂m¬, Ah-Xs∂ Hcp Xe-Xn-
cn™ {]]-©-am-Wv. aXw B {]]-©-
Øns‚ kmam\y kn≤m-¥hpw AXns‚
k¿h⁄ kw{K-l-hp-am-Wv... a\p-jyk-
Ø-bpsS anYy-bmb km£m-XvIm-ca - mWv
aXw. ImcWw a\p-jy-kØ - °v kXy-bm-
Ym¿Yy-an-√. AXpsIm≠v aX-Øn-s\-Xn-
sc-bp≈ kacw ASn-b-¥-c-ambpw ]c-
tem-IØ - n-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ ka-ca - m-Wv. B
]c-tem-I-Øns‚ Bflob kuc`yw
am{X-am-Wt√m aXw... a¿Zn-X-cpsS s\Sp-
ho¿∏mWv aXw; lrZ-bi - yq-\y-amb temI-
13
Øns‚ lrZ-b-am-W-Xv. ssNX-\y-c-ln-X-
amb Ah-ÿ-bnse ssNX-\y-am-W-Xv.
AXv P\-ßsf ab-°p∂ Idp-∏m-Wv. P\-
ß-fpsS anYym-kp-J-amb aXsØ C√m-
Xm-°p-∂Xv Ah-cpsS bYm¿Y kpJ-
Øn\v A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv... aX-sØ-°p-dn-
®p≈ hna¿i\w ZpxJ-km-K-csØ Ipdn-
®p≈ hna¿i-\-Øns‚ {`qW-cq-]-am-Wv.
Cu ZpxJ-km-K-c-Øns‚ ]cn-th-j-as{X
aXw.''(11)
aXsØ Ipdn- ® p≈ am¿Iv k n- s ‚
kao-]\w ASn-h-c-bn´ hmN-I-ß-fn¬
- mkv{Xw F∂
\n∂v kpXcmw hy‡-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. At±-
l-Øns‚ \ne-]m-Sns\ Zp¿hym-Jym-\n-
°p-∂Xpw kµ¿`-Øn¬ \n∂v AS¿Øn-
sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xpw Bcm-sW∂v C\n ]d-
tb-≠-Xn-√t√m!
hkvXp-X-Iƒ Cß-ns\-sbm-s°-bm-
sW-¶nepw aXhpw am¿Ivkn-khpw ]c-
kv]c]qc-I-ß-fm-sW∂pw aX-hn-izm-kn-
Iƒ am¿Ivkn-Ãp-Im-tcmSv X¿°n-t°-≠-
Xn-s√∂psams° hmZn-°p-∂-h¿ ]e
Ime- ß - f n- e mbn {]Xy- £ - s ∏- ´ n- ´ p- ≠ v
F∂Xv t\cm- W v . {]Xy- b - i mkv { Xw
t\cm-whÆw hmbn-®p-]T - n® IΩyq-Wn-Ãp-
Im-tcm aX-Øns‚ A¥-kØ bYm-
hn[n Dƒs°m≠ aX-hn-izm-kn-Itfm
A√, {]XypX Zm¿i-\n-I-amb Bg-an-√m-
Ø cmjv{So-b° - mcpw am¿IvknÃv kmln-
Xy-ß-fpsS sXmen-∏pd hmb\ am{Xw
\n¿h- l n- ® n- ´ p≈ "ip≤- K - X n- ° m- c mb'
Nne aX ]WvUn-X-∑m-cp-amWv km[m-c-
W- b mbn CØcw Akw- _ - ‘ - ß ƒ
sh®p-hn-f-ºm-dp-≈-Xv. Kuc-h-X-c-amb
Zm¿i-\nI N¿®-If - n-sem∂pw Xs∂ "aX-
hn-izm-kn°v IΩyq-Wn-Ãm-Imtam? F∂
tNmZyw (D-Øcw kphy-‡-am-bXp-sIm-
≠p Xs∂) Bcpw D∂-bn-°m-dn-s√-∂-
XmWv bmYm¿Yyw. F∂n-cp-∂mepw \Ωp-
sS hnj-b-Øns‚ ]q¿W-X-°p-th≠n
am{Xw "aX-˛-am¿IvknÃv ssa{Xn'-bpsS
h‡m-°ƒ D∂-bn-°m-dp≈ \ymb-hm-Z-
ßsf kw£n-]vX-amb Hcp hni-I-e-\-
Øn\v hnt[-b-am-t°-≠-Xp≠v F∂p
tXm∂p-∂p.
am¿IvknÃv kmln-Xy-ß-fn¬
"aX-kvXp-Xn-Iƒ'?!
C]n tXmw]v k - s Wbpw At‚m-
Wntbm {Kmwjn-sbbpw t]mep≈ ]e
B[p-\n-Icmb Iayq-WnÃv _p≤n-Po-hn-
Ifpw aXsØ Ipdn®v "\√Xv' ]d-™n-
l-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ tXmw]vkWpw A¥m-
cmjv{SXe-Øn¬ {it≤-bcm-bn-Øo¿∂
CS-Xp-]£ _p≤n-Po-hn-I-fn¬ At{K-
kc\m-bn-cp∂ {Kmwjn-bp-sams° am¿-
Ivkn-k-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-aq-ey-ßsf
Gdntbm Ipdt™m kwh-l-n-®-h-cm-bn-
cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv \nkvX¿°-amb Hcp hkv-
Xp-X-bmWv. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ Hcp
am¿IvknÃv/aX hni-I-e-\-Øn¬ Ah-
cpsS \nco-£W- ß
- sf N¿®-s°-Sp-°p-∂-
Xn\v Xo¿®-bmbpw {]k-‡n-bp-≠v.
{InkvXp-a-X-Øn-\-IsØ Nne Ahm-
DW¿Øn-°m≥ ]‰nb Hcp ]cm-i‡ - nsb
Ipdn®v AXv kwkm-cn-°p-∂X - p-sIm≠pw
ac-Wm-\-¥ctam£-sØ-Ip-dn®v AXv
kphn-ti-ja - d
- n-bn°p-∂X - p-sIm-≠p-am-Wv.
aX-Øns‚ AXn-{]-[m-\-amb Cu aq∂v
ASn- ÿ m- \ - X - e - ß sf AwKo- I - c n- ° p-
hm≥ sshcp-[ym-jvTnX `uXn-I-hm-Z-Øn-
e-[n-jvTn-X-amb am¿IvknÃv aqey{Ia-
Øns‚ h‡m-°ƒ°v Ign-bn√ Xs∂!
Ahsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw aXhpw
ssZh-hp-sams° a\p-jys‚ krjvSn-I-
fm-Wv. B "krjvSn-Iƒ' Nnet∏m-sgms°

Zm¿i-\n-I-amb Bg-an-√mØ cmjv{So-b-°mcpw am¿IvknÃv

kmln-Xy-ß-fpsS sXmen-∏pd hmb\ am{Xw \n¿h-ln-®n-
´p≈ "ip≤-K-Xn-°m-cmb' Nne aX ]WvUn-X-∑m-cp-amWv aX-
hpw am¿Ivkn-khpw ]c-kv]c]qc-I-ß-fm-sW∂pw aX-hn-
izm-kn-Iƒ am¿Ivkn-Ãp-Im-tcmSv X¿°n-t°-≠-Xn-s√∂p-
sams° hmZn-°p-∂Xv

´p-s≠∂pw aX-hn-izm-ksØ Dƒs°m- ¥c hn`m-K-߃˛{]-tXy-In®pw Idp-Ø- a\p-jy¿°vv D]-Imc߃ sNbvtX-°pw;

≈m-\p≈ "{]Xy-b-imkv{X hnim-eX'
am¿Ivkn-k-Øns‚ ssk≤m-¥nI N´-
°q-Sn-\p-s≠∂ hkvXpXXbmWv CXn¬
\n∂v A\mhr-X-am-Ip-∂-sX∂pw D≈
hmZ- ß ƒ km[m- c - W - b mbn Db¿∂p-
tIƒ°m-dp-≠v. bmYm-ÿnXnI am¿Ivkn-
k-Øns‚ `mj-tbmSpw kt¶-X-ß-tfm-
Spw \nc-¥c - a
- mbn sImºp-tIm¿°p-Ibpw
eqbn A¬Øq-k-dns\ t]mep≈ am¿Iv-
kn-Ãv LS-\m-hmZn (structuralist)IfpsS
ISpØ iIm-c-h¿j-Øn\v ic-hy-\m-hp-
Ibpw Ãmen- \ n- k - Ø ns‚ ka- { Km- [ n-
]Xy{]h-WX - I
- sf Xpd-∂p-Im-´m≥ Xo{h-
ambn bXv \ n- ° p- I bpw sNbv X C]n
tXmw]vksW ]q¿Wamb A¿Y-Øn¬
Hcp am¿Ivkn-Ãv F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-
hm≥ Ign-bptam F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ Cu
teJ-I\v kwi-b-ap-≠v. Ph-l¿em¬
s\lv d p- h ns\ t]mep≈ kzmX- { ¥y-
]q¿h C≥Uybnse ^m_n-b≥ tkmjy-
en-Ãp-Iƒ Ãmen\v Hcp adp-]Snsb-t∂m-
Ww sI≠m-Snb {KmwjnbpsS Imcyhpw
XssY-h. AsX-¥m-bn-cp-∂mepw "{_n´o-
jv am¿IvknÃv Ncn-{X--Im-c-\m'bpw Cw•-
≠nse "]pXnb CS-Xp-tNcn'(The new
left)-bpsS apJy-h-‡m-hp-amsb√mw hyh-
h¿K-°m¿°pw ASn-a-Iƒ°pw th≠n
cwK-sØ-Ønb Nne s{]m´Ãv‚ v {Kq∏p-
Iƒ˛km-aq-ln-I-amb D®-\o-N-Xz-߃-
°pw A\o-Xn-Iƒ°p-sa-Xnsc t]mcm-Sp-
∂-h-cm-sW∂pw Ahsc ]c-º-cm-KX
{InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ sXmgp-Øn¬ sI´n-
°q-sS∂pw C]n tXmw]vk¨ Nq≠n-°m-
Wn-®n-´p-≠v. {Kmwjn-bm-Is´, kaq-l-
Øn¬ B[n-]Xyw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-
th≠n \n¿an-°-s∏´ Hcp XØzkwln-
X-bmWv aX-sa-¶nepw Nne-t∏m-sgms°
AXv A[n-Imc ÿm]-\-߃s°Xn-sc-
bp≈ ka-ct- ]m-cm-´ßƒ°v C‘-\a - m-bn-
Øo-cm-dp-s≠-∂mWv ]d-™n-´p-≈X - v. Cu
A`n-{]mb{]I-S-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v "aX-hn-
izm- k n°pw am¿Iv k n- Ã mImw' F∂v
Is≠-Øp-∂-h¿ IY-b-dn-bmsX B´w
ImWp-Itbm IÆ-S-®n-cp-´m-°p-Itbm
am{X-amWv sNøp-∂Xv F∂Xs{X t\cv.
ka-c-߃°v C‘-\-ambnØocp-∂-Xp-
sImt≠m A\o-Xn-s°-Xn-sc-bp≈ Bbp-
[-am-Ip-∂-Xp-sImt≠m H∂p-a√ aX-hn-
izm-kn°v Ahs‚ aXw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-
ambn {]nb-s∏-´-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv. adn®v
B aXw {kjvSm-hn¬ \n∂p≈ shfn-
]m-Sm-b-Xp-sIm≠pw Xs‚ k¶-S-߃
"ka-c-Ø-Xn\v Bthiw ]I-cpI' XpS-
ßnb D]-Im-cß - ƒ!!! am¿IvknÃv _p≤n-
Po-hn-I-fpsS CØcw "D]-Imc kvac-W-
Iƒ' s]mSn- X - ´ n- s b- S pØv aX- h n- i zm-
kn°pw Iayq-Wn-ÃmImsa∂v hnfw-_cw
sNøp-∂-h¿ ]cn-l-kn-°p-∂Xv aX-{]-am-
W-ßsf am{X-a-√, am¿IvknÃv BNm-cy-
∑msc IqSn-bm-Wv.
aX-Øn-\-I-Øp≈ hntam-N-\mw-i-
ßsf Ipdn®pw k{am-PyXzhncp≤ t]mcm-
´-Øn¬ aXw hln-®p-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂
]¶n-s\-Ip-dn®pw ASp-Ø-Im-e-Ømbn
[mcmfw kwkm-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
sIC-F≥ Ip™-l-Ω-Zn-s\-t]m-ep≈
ae- b mfn am¿Iv k nÃv kmwkv I m- c nI
{]h¿Ø-I-cp-sSbpw ÿnXn CXp-X-s∂-
bm-Wv. am¿Ivkn-Ãp-Im-c\v aX-hn-izm-kn-
bm-Im-sat∂m aX-hn-izm-kn°v am¿Ivkn-
ÃmImsat∂m A√ sIC-F≥ Xs‚ aX-
te-J-\-߃sIm≠v A¿Y-am-°p-∂-Xv.
Ncn{Xw krjvSn-°p∂ Pohn-bmb a\p-
jy≥ Ahs‚ kmº-ØnI kml-N-cy-
ß-fpsS \Sp-hn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v cq]-s∏-
Sp- Ø p∂ aXw F∂ "anØn\v ' Nne
"KpW'-ß-sfm-s°-bp≠v F∂p-am-{Xta
At±lw Dt±-in-°p-∂p-≈q. AXp-sIm-

2010 s^-{_-p-h-c-n- 14
≠mWv aX˛-am¿IvknÃv kl-I-c-W-Øn-
s‚ km[y-X-I-sfIp-dn-®t\zjn-®p-sIm-
s≠-gp-Xnb "am¿Ivkn-khpw aXhpw XΩn-
¬' F∂ {]_‘w t]mepw ""Zm¿i-\nI-
Xe-Øn¬ DØ-c-Z-£nW {[ph-ßfn¬
\n¬°p∂ c≠m-ibKXn-I-fmWv aX-hn-
izm-khpw Iayq-Wn-khpw''(12) F∂ CFw-
Fkv hmNIw D≤-cn-®p-sIm-≠v At±lw
Bcw-`n-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-bn-Øo¿-
∂Xv.
am¿Ivkn-Ãp-Im-cpsS "aX-kvXp-Xn-
Iƒ' aX-hn-izm-kn°v Iayq-Wn-Ãm-Im-
sa∂v sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xv t]mbn´v Iayq-Wn-
k-Øns‚ "i{Xp-]-´n-I-bn¬' \n∂v aX-
sØ \o°w sNøp-∂-p-t]m-ep-an-s√∂v
am¿Ivkn-k-Øns‚ "sS¿an--t\m-f-Pn'-b-dn-
bp-∂h - ¿ ]d-™p-Xc - pw. apX-em-fn-Øhpw
_q¿jzm A[n-Imc ÿm]-\-ß-fp-amWv
am¿Ivkn-kØ - ns‚ G‰hpw henb {]Xy-
£ i{Xp-°s - f∂v F√m-hcpw kΩ-Xn-°p-
at√m. F∂m¬ km£m¬ am¿Ivkpw
GwK¬kpw Xs∂ apX-em-fnØ kmº-
ØnI{Iahpw AXn\v hgn-sX-fn-bn®
hyh-km-bnI hnπ-hhpw Ch c≠n-t\m-
S-pa\p-_-‘n®v hnImkw {]m]n® en_-
d¬ _q¿jzm "_p≤n-Po--hnØ'hpw temI-
Øp-≠m-°nb "kZ-v^-e'-ß-sf-Ip-dn®v
kpZo¿Lw D]-\y-kn-®n-´p-s≠-∂-XmWv
hkvXp-X. ""bqtdm-∏ns\ Hcp `qXw th´-
bm-Sn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-Ib - mWv; IΩyq-Wn-k-
sa∂ `qXw. ]gb bqtdm-∏n-se F√m- i-
‡n-Ifpw Cu `qXsØ sI´p-sI-´n-°p-
hm-\p≈ Hcp hnip-≤-k-Jy-Øn-te¿s∏-
´n-cn-°p-I-bmWv'' F∂ hnπhw XpSn-
°p∂ Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-Øn¬ \n∂m-cw-`n-
°p-Ibpw ""Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Im¿ Xß-fpsS
ho£-W-ß-sfbpw e£y-ß-sfbpw ad-
®p-sh-°m≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-°p-∂p. \ne-hn-
ep≈ kmaqlyhyh-ÿn-Xnsb _e-{]-
2010 s^-{_-p-h-c-n-
tbm- K - Ø n- e qsS Ii- ° n- s b- d - n ™m¬
am{Xta Xß-fpsS e£y-߃ km£m-
¬I-cn-°m≥ Ignbq F∂-h¿ Xpd∂p
{]Jym-]n-°p-∂p. `c-W-h¿Kw Hcp Iayq-
WnÃv hnπ-hØ - n\p apºn¬ hnd-sIm-≠p-
sIm-≈s´! sXmgn-em-fn h¿K-Øn\v Nß-
e-If- √
- msX H∂pw \jvSs - ∏-Sm-\n-√, Ah-
¿°v t\Sm-\m-hs´ Hcp temI-ap≠v Xm-
\pw. k¿∆-cmPy sXmgn-em-fn-Isf kwL-
Sn-°p-hn≥!'' F∂ ]®-bmb ka-c-{]-Jym-
]-\-Øn-e-h-km-\n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂
"Iayq-WnÃv am\n-s^tÃm' t]mepw apX-
ka-c-߃°v C‘-\-ambnØocp-∂-Xp-sImt≠m A\o-Xn-
s°-Xn-sc-bp≈ Bbp-[-am-Ip-∂-Xp-sImt≠m H∂p-a√ aX-
hn-izm-kn°v Ahs‚ aXw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn {]nb-s∏-´-
Xm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv. adn®v B aXw k¿∆temI {k„mhmb
\mY\n¬ \n∂p≈Xv sIm≠mWv F∂XnemWv
em-fn-Ø-Øns‚ \√- hißsf-Ip-dn®pw
^yqU¬ kmaqly kwhn- [ m- \ sØ
At]- £ n®v AXn- \ p≈ sa®- ß sf
kw_-‘n®pw hni-Za - mbn N¿®-sN-øp-∂p-
≠v. 1893 s^{_p-hcn H∂n\v am\n-s^-
tÃm-bpsS C‰m-en-b≥ ]Xn-∏ns\gpXnb
Bap- J - Ø n¬ GwK¬kv hy‡- a m-
°nbXv ""`qX-Im-eØv apX-em-fn-Ø-Øn-
\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ hnπ-h t- dm-fn-t\mSv ]q¿W-
ambpw \oXn- ] p- e ¿Øn- s °m≠mWv
X߃ am\n-s^tÃm ]pd-Øn-d° - p-∂X- v''
F∂m-Wv. CsXm-s°bpw Xnc-™p-]n-Sn®v
am¿Ivkn-s‚bpw GwK¬kn-s‚bpw "apX-
em-fnØ {]Io¿Ø-\ß - ƒ' F∂ t]cn¬
kam-l-cn®v {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm\pw XZ-
Sn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬ "am¿Ivkn-Ãp-Im¿ apX-em-
fnØ hyh- ÿ n- X ns°Xnsc kacw
sNøp-∂-h-cmWv F∂ {]Nm-cWw ASn-
ÿm\cln-X-amWv' F∂v {]Jym-]n-°p-
hm\pw IqSn \ΩpsS "aX-˛-am¿Ivkn-Ãp-
Iƒ'(?!) k∂-≤-am-Iptam Bthm!
hntam-N\ ssZh-imkv{Xw?!
aXhpw IΩyq-Wn-khpw HØp-t]m-hp-
I-bn-s√∂ {]Nm-c-W-Øn\p ]n∂n¬
"apX-em-fnØ AP-≠-Iƒ' Is≠-Øp∂
]e Fgp-Øp-Imcpw hnP-b-I-c-amb aX-
˛-am¿Ivkn-Ãv ka-\zbØns‚ Kw`oc
15
{]mtbm-Kn-I \nZ¿i-\-ambn hntam-N-\-
ssZ-h-im-kv{XsØ (liberation theology)
Ah- X - c n- ∏ n- ° m- d p- ≠ v . bYm¿Y- Ø n¬
Igºv Xcn-ºp-an-√mØ Hcp {]Xn-tcm-[-
am-Wn-Xv. aXsØ am\n-s^-tÃm-hns‚
aqi-bn¬ hm¿°m≥ {ian-®m¬ aXw acn-
°p-Ibpw aX-Øns‚ apJm-h-c-W-a-Wn-
™ "am\n-s^tÃm' am{Xw _m°n-bm-
hp-I-bp-am-Wp-≠m-hpI F∂ \Kv\-kXy-
Øn\m- W v hntam- N - \ - s sZ- h - i m- k v { X-
Øns‚ CXx-]-cy¥ap≈ Ncn{Xw ASn-
h-c-bn-Sp-∂Xv F∂-XmWv kXyw. s]dp-
hnse ]ptcm-ln-X-\-\m-bn-cp∂ KpkvXm-
thm Kzns‰-dkv cNn® "Zn Xntbm-fPn
{Km^v en_-td-j≥' t]mep≈ ]pkvX-
I- ß - f psS Bi- b - ] - c n- k - c Øp \n∂v
cq]w sIm≈p-Ibpw A¥m-cmjv{S Xe-
Øn¬ Xs∂ am¿IvknÃv ]mf-b-Øns‚
Xtem-S-ep-Iƒ Fºm-Sp-ta¬°m-\p≈
"`mKyw' kn≤n-°p-Ibpw tIc-f-Øn¬
^mZ¿ hS-°≥, _nj∏v ]utemkv am¿
]utem-kv, ^mZ¿ Fkv Im∏≥ XpS-ßn-
b-h¿ ]n¥p-S¿® \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvX
"NpI-∏≥ ss{IkvX-hX'bmWv "hntamN-
\ ssZh-imkv{Xw' F∂v kmam-\y-ambn
]d-bmw. am¿Ivkns‚ h¿K-k-a-c-kn-≤m-
¥-Øn¬ BIr-jvS-cmbnØo¿∂ Nne
{InkvXp-]p-tcm-ln-X-∑m-cmWv aX-sØ-
bpw Iayq-Wn-k-sØbpw hnf-°n-t®¿Øv
{]kvXpX {]ÿm-\-Øn\v P∑w \¬In-
b-Xv. ss__nƒ ]pXnb\nb-a-Øns‚
hcn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ \n∂v Hcp "Iayq-WnÃv
tbip'hns\ \n¿[-cn-s®-Sp-°p-hm-≥ hn-
tam-N-\-ssZ-h-im-kv{X-Im-c-∑m¿ sIm≠p-
]n-Sn®v ]cn-{i-an-®p. HSp-hn¬ Ah¿ "I-
s≠Øn': aX-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏-
Sp∂ "{]hm-N-I≥' F∂ ]Zw `mhn-sb-
°p-dn-®p≈ kz]v\-߃ s\bvXv Ime-
L-´-Øns‚ Imep-jy-߃°v `uXnI
]cn-lm-c-߃ \n¿tZ-in-°p∂ kmaqly
hna¿i-I-s\-bmWv tZymXn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv!
tbip "ssZh-cmPyw' sIm≠p-t±-in®Xv
am¿Ivkv hn`m-h\w sNbvX h¿K-c-lnX
kaq-l-Øn\v kam-\-amb "`qan-bnse kz-
¿K-amWv'! {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ kaq-l-Øns‚
h¿K-˛-km-º-ØnI LS-\-I-fm¬ kzm[o-
\n-°-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah-cpsS
Bi-b-߃°v k\m-X-\Xzw I¬]n-®p-
IqSm!; Npcp-°-Øn¬ ssZhhpw ]c-tem-
I-hp-an-√mØ, Bi-b-ß-fn¬ btYjvSw
t`Z-KXn hcp-Øm-hp∂ Hcp `uXnIm-Z-
¿i kwlnX am{X-ambn amdn Ch¿°v
{InkvXp-a-Xw. -tI-c-f-Øn\v AIØpw
]pd-Øp-ap≈ arZp˛Xo{h Iayq-WnÃv
ssk≤m-¥n--I¿°v hntam-N\ - s- sZ-hi - mkv-
{Xw {]nb-s∏´ Hcp "amXrIm Dcp-∏Sn'bm-
bn amdp-∂-Xn-\p ]n∂nep≈ ck-X-{¥-an-
Xm-Wv. am¿Ivkv AS-°-ap≈ `uXn-I-hm-
Zn-I-fpsS P¬]-\-߃°-\p-kr-X-ambn
aX-{]-am-Wß - sf hymJym-\n-°p-∂Xv aX-
Øn-\p≈ ih-°® Xbv°p-∂X - n\v Xpey-
am-sW∂v A¿Y-i-¶-°n-S-bn-√mØ hn[w
hy‡-am-°pI-bm-Wv. Aßs\ hntam-N-
\ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚ `qXhpw h¿Ø-
am-\hpw sNøp-∂-Xv.
am¿Ivknkw bp‡n-hm-Z-a√?!
aX-tØm-Sp≈ am¿Ivkns‚ \ne-]m-
Sp-Iƒ tIh-eb - p-‡n-hm-ZØ
- n-t‚-Xn¬ \n-
∂v Xptemw hyXy-kvX-am-sW∂ \ymb-
a-h-ew-_n-®p-sIm≠v Xß-fpsS hmZ-ap-J-
߃ ka¿Yn-°p-∂ aX-am¿knÃp-Ifpw
C√m-Xn-√. bp‡n-hm-Z-tØmSv am¿Ivkn-
k-Øn\v Nne hntbm-Pn-∏p-I-fp≠v F∂
{]kvXm-h\ - b- n¬ icn-bpsS Awiw Xosc-
bn-s√∂v ]d-™p-Iq-Sm. tIhe bp‡n-
hm-Z˛- \
- n-co-iz-ch- mZ {]ÿm-\ß - fpw Iayq-
WnÃv ]m¿´n-Ifpw Bi-b-]-c-ambn CS-
bp∂ Nne taJ-e-I-fp≠v F∂Xv t\cm-
2010 s^-{_-p-h-c-n-
Wv. ]t£ {]kvXpX hntbm-Pn-∏p-I-fn¬
\n∂pw bp‡n-hm-Zn-Iƒ aX-\n-tj-[n-
Ifpw IΩyq-Wn-Ãp-Iƒ aX-hn-izm-kn-If - p-
amWv F∂v a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-t\mfw
henb ss[j-WnI h¶Øw thsd-bp-
≠m-hp-I-bn-√. am¿IvknÃv˛bp‡n-hmZn
kwhm- Z - ß - f psS Bi- b - ] - › m- Ø ew
kXy-k‘ - a - mbn A]-{K-Yn-°p-∂h - ¿s°-
√mw C°mcyw hf-sc-sb-fp-∏Ø - n¬ t_m-
[y-am-hpw. Cu teJ-I≥ a\- n-em-°n-bn-
S-tØmfw bp‡n-hm-Zn-Ifn¬ ]e¿°pw
Iayq-WnÃv ]m¿´n-bn¬ ]q¿W-ambn ebn-
aXsØ am\n-s^-tÃm-hns‚ aqi-bn¬ hm¿°m≥ {ian-®m¬
aXw acn-°p-Ibpw aX-Øns‚ apJm-h-c-W-a-Wn™ "am\n-
s^tÃm' am{Xw _m°n-bm-hp-I-bp-am-Wp-≠m-hpI F∂
\Kv\kXyØn\m-Wv hntam-N-\-ssZ-h-im-kv{X-Øns‚ CXx-
]-cy¥ap≈ Ncn{Xw ASn-h-c-bn-Sp-∂Xv
°m≥ Ign-bm-ØXv {][m-\-ambpw c≠v
Imc-W-߃ sIm≠m-Wv:
1) -bp‡nhmZn-I-fpsS {]amWw tIh-
e-bp-‡n-bm-Wv. Ah¿°v kz¥-ambn Hcp
{]Xy-b-im-kv{Xtam aqey-{I-atam ssk-
≤m-¥nI N´-°qtSm [m¿anI]≤-Xntbm
BNm-cyt\m H∂p-an-√. Hmtcm bp‡n-hm-
Zn-bp-sSbpw icn Abmƒ°v tXm∂p-∂-
Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ am¿Ivkn-kØ - ns‚ ÿn-
Xn AX-√. Hcp am¿IvknÃv GsXmcp
bp‡n-hm-Zn-sbbpw t]mse-Øs∂ ssZ-
h-\n-tj-[nbpw aX-\n-tj-[nbpw `uXn-I-
hm-Zn-bp-am-Wv. ]t£ Abmƒ°v bp‡n-
hm-Zn-Iƒ°p-≈{X "ss[j-WnI kzmX-
{¥y-'an-√. am¿Ivkn-k-Øns‚ kn≤m-¥-
߃ Xo¿°p∂ hrØ-Øn-\I - Ø
- p-\n∂v
am{Xta Abmƒ°v Nn¥n-°m-\-h-Im-i-
ap-≈q. am¿Ivkpw GwK¬kpw se\n-\p-
a-S-ßp∂ BNm-cy-∑mcpw am\n-s^-tÃm-
bpw Im]n-‰epw t]mep≈ {]amW {KŸ-
ßfpw Ch-sb√mw IqSn \n¿W-bn-®p-sh-
®n-´p≈ "aqey-{I-ahpw' Iayq-Wn-kØ - ns‚
{]]-©-˛-N-cn-{X-˛-km-º-ØnI ho£-W-
ß-fp-sa√mw Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Im-c\v hnip≤
]ip-°-fmWv. F∂m¬ tIhe bp‡n-
hmZn C∏-d™Xns\-sbm∂pw ]c-a-amb
kXy-ßf - mbn ]cn-KW
- n-°p-Itbm A-Æm-
16
°p-sXm-SmsX hngp-ßp-Itbm sNøp-∂n-
√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv ip≤ `uXn-I-hm-
Znbpw bp‡n-hm-Zn-bp-ambncp∂- _¿{S‚ v
d -en\v Why I am not a Christian (Rm≥
F¥p-sIm≠v Hcp {InkvXym-\n-b-√?) F-
∂ ]pkvXIw Fgp-Xn-bXp t]mse X-
s∂ Why I am not a Communist (Rm≥
F¥p- s Im≠v Iayq- W n- Ã - √ ?) F∂
]pkvXIhpw cNn-t°≠n h∂-Xv. apI-
fn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn® am¿IvknÃv˛bp-‡n-
hmZn X¿°-Øn¬ am¿Ivkn-k-Øns‚
aXmfl-IX°v sXfn-hp-Iƒ Xnc™p\-
S-°p-∂p "aXam¿IvknÃpIƒ' CS-s]-
tS≠ Imcy-sam-∂p-an-s√∂v kpXcmw
hy‡-am-Wt√m?
2) am¿Ivkn-Ãp-Iƒ°v bp‡n-hmZn-
Ifp- a m- b p≈ c≠m- a sØ A`n- { ]mb-
hyXymkw aXsØ Fßns\ t\cn-SW - w
F∂ Imcy-Øn-em-Wv. FXn¿°-s∏-tS-
≠Xpw \in-∏n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-amb ]n¥n-
cn-∏≥ {]Xn-tema XØz-kw-ln-X-bm-Wv
aXw F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ Ccp-Iq-´¿°pw
X¿°-an-√. "aX-Øns‚ D∑q-e\miw'
F∂ e£y-Øn¬ Fßns\ ^e-{]-Z-
ambn FØn-tNcmw F∂ hnj-b-Øn-
emWv A`n-{]m-b` - n-∂X- b- psS \mcm-bt- h-
cv ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xv. ]®-bmb aX-hn-
a¿i-\hpw \nco-iz-ch - m-ZØ - ns‚ Zm¿i-\n-
I-am-\-߃ P\-߃°v apºn¬ hni-Zo-
I-cn-°epw aX tI{µ-ßf - n¬ D≠m-Ip∂p
F∂p ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ "A¤pX'߃°v
]n∂nse X´n-∏p-Iƒ A\m-hc - Ww sNøp-
∂- ]cn-]mSnIƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°-ep-sa-√m-
amWv aX-hn-izm-ksØ P\-a\ -  
- p-If
- n¬
\n∂v ]ngp-sX-dn-bm-\p≈ G‰hpw \√
am¿K-sa∂v bp‡n-hm-Zn-Iƒ Icp-Xp-∂p.
F∂m¬ am¿Ivkn-ksØ kw_-‘n-®n-
S-tØmfw "aXw' F∂p-]-d-bp-∂Xv tIh-
e-amb Hcp "Z¿i\w' A√. a\p-jys‚
`uXnI kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Ime-
L-´-Øns‚ A\n-hm-cyX F∂ \ne°v
Db¿∂p-h∂ Hcp el-cn-]-Zm¿YamWXv.
AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ aXsØ C√m-Xm-
°m≥ aX-Øns‚ ]nd-hn°v \nan-Ø-am-
bn-Øo¿∂ `uXnI kml-N-cy-ßsf
(km-º-ØnI cmjv{Sob LS-\-sb) ASn-
ap-Sn am‰n-Øo¿°p-I-bmWv th≠Xv F-
∂mWv am¿Ivkn-k-Øns‚ \ne-]m-Sv.
aXw A‘-hn-izm-k-amWv F∂v tLmc-
tLmcw {]kw-Kn-®-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-{X-am-
bn√ F∂pw {]kvXpX "A‘-hn-izmkw'
t]dn \S-°m≥ P\-ßsf \n¿_-‘n-
Xcm°p∂ ]´n-Wn-sbbpw ]cn-h-´-sØ-
bpw Ipdn®v hkvXp-\n-jvT-ambn ]Tn-°-
Ww F∂p-amWv Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Im¿ bp‡n-
hm-Zn-I-tfmSv ]d-bp-∂Xv F∂v kmcw.
C°mcyw hy‡- a m- ° p∂ GXm\pw
am¿IvknÃv D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ ImWpI:
""\mw aX-Øn-s\-Xnsc t]mcm-SWw;
AXn-\p-th≠n hnizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw aX-
Øn-s‚bpw "{]`h tI{µ'sØ Ipdn®v
P\-߃°n-Sb - n¬ `uXnI imkv{XcoXn
hni-Zo-I-cn-°Ww''(13)
""Hcp am¿IvknÃv aX-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb
kacw \S-Øp-∂Xv Aaq¿Ø-amb cq]-
Øn-e√; tIhew XØz-im-kv{X-]c - a
- mb,
Hcn°epw am‰-an-√mØ cq]-Øn-ep-a√.
aX-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb am¿Ivkn-k-Øns‚
kacw kaq¿Ø-am-Wv.''(14)
""\mw aX-tØmSv G‰-ap-´-Ww. Fßn-
s\ G‰p-ap-´-W-sa∂v \ap°v Adn-™n-
cn-°Ww. aX-Øns‚ kmaq-ly-th-cp-Iƒ
]ngp- X p- I - f - b - e mWv Cu {]h¿Ø- \ -
Øns‚ Dt±-iyw''(15)
""Cuiz-cm-i-b-Øns‚ Xmgvthcv Zm¿-
i-\nI aWvU-e-Øn\v ]pdØv Ftßm
Bbn-cp∂p F∂v hy‡w. AXp-sIm-≠v,
F{X-ta¬ hniz-kvXX - t- bmsS Bbmepw
2010 s^-{_-p-h-c-n-
icn, Cuiz-cm-i-b-Øns‚ s]m≈-Ø-
csØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bX - p-sIm≠v am{Xw
Hcn-°epw AXns‚ D∑qe\miw kw`-
hn-°p-I-bn-√. Cuizcm-i-b-Øns‚ bYm-
¿Y aqeyw Fs¥∂pw AXns\ AXn-
{I-an®p hf-cm-\p≈ icn-bmb am¿K-ta-
sX∂pw ImWn®p X∂ BZysØ Zm¿i-
\n-I≥ am¿Ivkv BWv.'' (16)
bp‡n-hm-Zh - p-ambn am¿Ivkn-kØ- n\v
C∆n- j - b - I- a m- b p≈ hntbm- P n- ∏ ns‚
ImX¬ F¥m-sW-∂v am¿IvknÃv ssk-
≤m-¥n-I-cpsS Cu hmNIß-fn¬ \n∂v
FXn¿°-s∏-tS-≠Xpw \in-∏n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-amb ]n¥n-cn-
∏≥ {]Xn-tema XØz-kw-ln-Xb
- m-Wv aXw F∂ Imcy-Øn¬
am¿IvknÃpIm¿°pw bp-‡n-hmZnIƒ°pw X¿°-an-√. "aX-
Øns‚ D∑q-e\miw' F∂ e£y-Øn¬ Fßns\ ^e-{]-
Z-ambn FØn-t®-cmw F∂ hnj-b-Øn-emWv A`n-{]m-b-`n-
∂-X-bpsS \mcm-b-thcv ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xv.
IrXy-ambn a\- n-em-hp-∂p-≠v. \tS hni-
Zo-I-cn® am¿IvknÃv˛bp-‡n-hmZn X¿°-
Øn¬ \n∂v aX-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ ]Tn-t°-
≠Xv Fs¥m-s°-bmWv? H∂m-a-Xmbn,
bp‡n-hm-Zn-If - psS aX-hn-a¿i\w ^e-{]-
Z-a√ F∂p hnNm-cn-°p-Ibpw aXsØ
thtcmsS ]ngp-sX-dn-bm≥ "IqSp-X¬ \√
am¿K-߃' tXSp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cmWv
Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Im¿. c≠m-aX - mbn, bp‡n-hm-
Zn-I-fpsS {]t_m-[-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃°v
kpXm-cyX D≈-Xp-sIm≠v Ah-bnse
aX-hn-cp-≤X Xncn-®-dn-bm-s\-fp-∏-am-Wv.
F∂m¬ am¿Ivkn-Ãp-Iƒ ]tcm-£a - m-bn-
´mWv aX-hn-cp≤ Bi-bß - ƒ P\-a\ -  - p-
I-fn¬ k∂n-thin∏n-°p-∂Xv F∂-Xn-
\m¬ Ah¿s°-Xnsc IqSp-X¬ Pm{KX
Bh-iy-amWv! Cu c≠p ]mT-߃ ]Tn-
°p-∂-Xn\p ]Icw "am¿Ivkn-Ãp-Iƒ bp-
‡n-hm-Zn-I-sf-t∏m-se-b-√' F∂ efnX
{]kvXm-h\ \SØn kam-[m-\hpw km-
bq-Py-hp-aS- b
- p∂ "aX-˛a- m¿Ivkn--Ãp-'I-tfm-
Sv kml-X-]n-°m≥ am{Xta \ap°v \n¿-
∆m-l-ap-≈q.
Npcp-°-Øn¬, am¿Ivknkw aX-hn-cp-
≤-as
- √∂ a´n¬ \ΩpsS \m´n¬ Db¿∂p-
h∂psIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ N¿®°v bmsXmcp
ASn-ÿm-\-hp-an-√. aX-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS
17
thm´p em°m-°n-bp≈ I]-tSm-‡n-Itfm
aX-tØmSv kwh-Zn®v ]nSn-®p-\n¬°m≥
am¿Ivkn-k-Øn-\m-hn-s√∂ Xncn-®-dn-hn-
s‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ A¿Y-K¿`-am-
b NßmØ {]I-S-\-ßtfm am{X-amWv
AØcw {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ. aX-hn-izm-kn-
°v am¿IvkntÃm am¿Ivkn-Ãn\v aX-hn-
izm-kntbm BhpI km[y-a-√ -Xs∂!
Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ
1. tIm-gn-t°mSv t{]m{Kkv ]ªn-t°-j≥
{]kn-≤o-I-cn® ae-bmf hnh¿Ø-\-Øn¬
\n∂v, ]pdw 136
2. C.Fw.Fkv, kmwkvIm-cnIhnπhw aXw
am¿Iv k nkw, Nn¥ ]ªn- t °- j ≥kv ,
]pdw 59
3. a-X-sØ-]‰n, ]pdw 131
4. C-¥y≥ \nco-iz-c-hmZw, Nn¥, 2006, ]pdw6
5. - AtX ]pkvXIw, ]pdw 267
6. Nn-¥ hm-cnI, 2004 Pq¨
7. Shaheed-E-Azam Bhagat Singh, A Students
Pletge Publication, Culcutta
8. hn F se\n≥, tkmjy-enÃv {]Xy-b-im-
kv{Xhpw kwkvIm-chpw, ]pdw 47
9. a-X-sØ-]-‰n, ]pdw 126,127
10. Gw-K¬kns‚ On The Origin of Family and
Private Property
11. Karl Marx, Contributetcon to the critique
of Hegel's Philosophy, 1844
12. am- X r- ` qan Bgv N - ∏ - X n- ∏ v , 2005 am¿®v
27˛G{]n¬ 2
13. aXsØ ]‰n, t{]m{Kkv tImgn-t°m-Sv,
]pdw 136
14. Ibid, ]pdw 139
15. C.-Fw.-F-kv, kmwkvIm-cnI-hn-πhw aXw-
˛-am¿Ivkn-kw, ]pdw 59
16. tZ_o {]kmZv NtXm-]m-[ym-b, C¥y≥
\nco-iz-c-hm-Zw, Nn¥, 2006,- ]pdw 267
]-{Xm-[n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv-

aXw \ap°v tNcptam

ss]¶n-fntb...

"kzbwIrX Im]-Syßfn¬ A`n-c-an-°p-∂-h-cmWv ae-bm-fn-Iƒ' F∂ hna¿i-

\-Øn¬ ]Xn-cn-s√∂v a\- n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂-XmWv Ct∏mƒ am[y-a-߃ BtLm-
jn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ aX-˛-am¿IvknÃv hmIv]-b-‰p-Iƒ. aXsØbpw am¿Ivkn-k-
sØbpw H∂n®v hcn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bn-s√∂ hkvXpX A£-c-a-dn-bm-hp-∂h¿-s°-
√mw a\- n-em-Ip∂ `mj-bn¬ Iayq-WnÃv t\Xm-°ƒ Fgp-Xn-sh-®n´pw AsXm∂p-
a-dn-bmsXbmWv X߃ am¿IvknÃv ]mf-b-Øn-se-Øn--s∏-´-sX∂v hne-]n-°p-∂-
hcpw aX-Øn\pw am¿Ivkn-k-Øn\pw s]mXp-hm-bp-≈Xv a\p-jy-kvt\-l-Øns‚
apJ-am-b-Xn-\m¬ Ah c≠n\pw Hcp-an®pt]m-Im≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v ÿm]n-°phm≥
A£-c-°-f-cn-bn-te¿s∏-Sp-∂hcpw ae-bm-fn-bpsS Im]-Sy-Øn\v DZm-l-c-W-ß-fmbn-
Øo-cp-I-b-√msX as‰m∂pw sNøp-∂n-√. X߃ ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬
Xcnºpw kXy-ans√-∂d - n-™n´pw AXv BW-bn´v ]d-bp-hm≥ Ign-bp-Ib - mWv s]mXp-
k-aq-l-Øns‚ Aw-Ko-Imcw t\Sp-hm\mh-iy-sa∂ ÿnXn GXm-bn-cp-∂mepw `qj-
W-a-√. Im]-Sy-Øns‚ ]pdwtXmSp-Iƒ Agn-®p-sh®v aXsØ aX-ambpw am¿Ivkn-
ksØ am¿Ivkn-ka - mbpw a-\ 
- n-em-°n-s°m-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v, Ccp Iq´¿°pw klI-
cn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ taJ-e-I-fps≠¶n¬ AXv Is≠Øp-hm\pw hni-Zo-I-cn--°p-
hm\pamWv _p≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ, kXy-k-‘-cm-sW-¶n¬ k∂-≤-cm-th-≠-Xv. ]m¿en-
sa‚dn cmjv{So-b-Øn\v Cu kXy-k-‘X `qj-W-a-s√∂ t_m[-am-sW∂v tXm-
∂p∂p \ΩpsS s]mXpkaq-lsØ \bn-°p-∂-Xv. AXv Xs∂-bmWv Cu hmIv]b-
‰p-Iƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ G‰hpw A]-I-S-I-c-amb bmYm¿Yyw.
am¿Ivkn-ksØ ssk≤m-¥n-I-ambn A]-{K-Yn-°p-Ibpw AXns‚ aX-hn-cp≤-
hpw a\p-jy-hn-cp-≤h
- p-amb apJsØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ AXv GsX-
¶nepw cmjv{So-b-∏m¿´n-tbm-Sp≈ B`n-apJyw sIm≠m-sW∂v hcp-Øn-Øo¿Øv
Acp-°m-°p-Is - b∂ X{¥-amWv ]e-t∏mgpw {]tbm-Kn-°s - ∏-Sm-dp-≈X
- v. CS-Xv˛- h
- eXv
]£-tØm-Sp≈ cmjv{So-b-hn-tcm-[tam Bcp-sS-sb-¶nepw thm´p-_m-¶p-Isf XI¿-
°tem A√, aX-]-£Øp \n∂p≈ am¿IvknÃv hna¿i-\-Øns‚ e£yw. ssZhn-
2010 s^-{_-p-h-c-n- 9
I-am¿K-Z¿i-\-sØ-°p-dn®v t_m[y-s∏-SpØpIbpw ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-
dn®v t_m[-ap-≠m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm≠v \∑ \nd-™-h-cm-bn-Øo-cm≥ a\p-
jysc t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ aX-Øn-\p -ap-ºn¬ \∑-bpsS ]Zm¿Yo-X-amb AkvXn-XzsØ
AwKo-I-cn°mØ-h-sc√mw kwkvI-cn-°-s∏-tS-≠-h-cm-Wv. am¿Ivkn-Ãp-Im-c≥
Ah≥ AwK-Xz-sa-Sp-Øn-´p≈ ]m¿´n-bn¬ A¬]-sa-¶nepw Bflm¿Y-X-bp≈h\m-
sW-¶n¬ Ah∂v \∑-bpsS `uXn-tI-X-c-amb AkvXn-XzsØ AwKo-I-cn-°m-\m-
hn-√. AXn-\m¬ Ah\pw kwkvI-cn-°-s∏-tS-≠-h-\m-Wv. Hcmsf kwkvI-cn-°-W-
sa-¶n¬ Xm≥ \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xv amen-\y-Øn-em-sW∂v Abmsf t_m[y-s∏-Sp-
Ø-Ww. {]kvXpX t_m[y-Øn¬ \n∂m-Wv Xm≥ kwkvIc - n-°s-- ∏-tS-≠h- \- m-sW∂
t_m[w \n¿K-fn-°p-∂-Xv. B t_m[-ap-≈-h¿°mWv aX-Øns‚ Bflo-tbmZvt_m-
[-\-߃ kzoIm-cy-am-bn-Øo-cp-I. aXw a\p-jys\ ab-°p∂ Idp-∏√, {]XypX
Ahs\ Hu∂-Xy-Øn-te°v \bn-°p∂ Z¿i-\-am-sW∂ Xncn-®-dnhv krjvSn-°-
s∏-S-W-sa-¶n¬ am¿Ivkn-k-Øns‚ el-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Abmsf c£-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.
aX-]-£-Øp-\n-∂p≈ am¿IvknÃv hna¿i\w e£y-am-°p-∂Xv Cu c£-s∏-Sp-
Ø-em-Wv; Aßn-s\ ssZhn-I-am¿K-Z¿i\sØ°p-dn® t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Ø-epw.
tIh-es - amcp aX-hn-cp-≤{- ]-ÿm-\s - a-∂X
- n-ep-]c
- n-bmbn am¿Ivkn-kw, BXy¥w
A]-I-S-I-c-am-sW∂v a\- n-em°n {]h¿Øn-t°-≠-h-\mWv CkvemanI {]t_m-
[-I≥. Ckveman-s\-Xnsc \ne-\n¬°p∂ {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-ß-sf√mw AXp-ambn
t\¿°p-t\sc G‰p-ap-´p-∂h - b
- m-Wv. Ah-bpsS BZ¿i-ßfpw XØz-ßfpw {]h¿Ø-
\-co-Xn-bp-sa√mw {]I-S-amWv; AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ AXn\v {]Xn-tcm[w Xo¿°p-
hm\pw Ffp-∏-am-Wv. am¿Ivkn-k-Øns‚ ÿnXn-b-X-√. sshcp-[ym-[n-jvTn-X `uXn-
I-hm-Ztam Ncn-{X-]-c-amb `uXn-I-hm-Ztam am¿Ivkn-b≥ kmº-ØnIZ¿i-\tam
P\-߃°p apºn-e-h-X-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠√ am¿Ivknkw Bfp-I-fpsS a\- p-Isf
Iogvs∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - v. ]mh-s∏-´h - s‚ {]iv\ß - fpw kmaq-ly-Xn-∑I - f
- psS Zpc-¥ß - fpw
cmjv{So-b-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS sISp-Im-cy-ÿ-Xbpw ]d-™mWv AXv P\-a-\- p-I-
fn-¬ kzm[o-\-ap-≠m-°p-∂Xv. XnI™ aX-hn-izm-knsbt∏mepw km[o-\n-°p-hm≥
CXp-hgn Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Im-c\v km[n-t®-°pw. {]kvXpX kzm[o-\sØ ka¿Y-ambn
D]-tbm-Kn®v Ahs‚ a\- nse ssZh-t_m-[-sØbpw ]c-tem-I-Nn-¥-sbbpw
ka¿Y-ambn ambvNp-I-f-bp-I-bp-I-sb-∂-XmWv am¿IvknÃv X{¥w. AXp-sIm-≠p-
Xs∂ am¿Ivkn-kØ - n-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ ssk≤m-¥n-Ik - a
- c
- ß
- ƒ s]mXp-P\ - a- [
- y-Øn-
te°v sIm≠p-h-cp-∂Xv Iayq-WnÃpIm¿°v Xosc CjvS-an-√mØ Imcy-am-Wv.
AØcw ka-c-߃ Iayq-Wn-k-Øns‚ apJwaqSn XI¿°pw. aXhpw am¿Ivkn-
khpw tbmPn-®p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ ]‰p∂ taJ-e-I-f-t\z-jn-°p-∂-Xn\v kwhm-Z-߃
kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-h¿ sNøp-∂Xv B´n≥]-‰sØ sN∂m-b-°q-´-Øn-te°v \bn-°p-
I-bm-Wv. AXp Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw am¿Ivkn-k-Øns‚ bYm¿Y -apJw A\mhcWw
sN-bvXv AXns‚ A]-I-S-sØ-°p-dn®v P\sØ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNtø≠
_m[y-X-bp-≈-h-cmWv Ckveman-I-{]-t_m-[-I-∑m¿. Ah¿ AXv \n¿h-ln-°p-∂Xv
GsX-¶nepw cmjv{So-b-I£ -- n-tbm-Sp≈ B`n-apJyw sIm≠√; k¿h-i-‡≥ Xß-
fn-te¬∏n® DØ-c-hm-ZnØw \n¿h-ln-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ in£n-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂ t_m[-
apƒs°m-≈p-∂Xp sIm≠m-Wv. A√mlp A\p-{K-ln-°-s´(Bao≥)

2010 s^-{_-p-h-c-n- 10