TS.

L MINHPHNG

[CHNG III : B CHNH LU RECTIFIER]

VII. B CHNH LU CU MT PHA IU KHIN HON TON. 1. S . id iT1

UT1 T1 UT3

iT3
T3 L

Ngun xoay chiu mt pha: u = U m sin t Linh kin bn dn: 4 thyistor cng sut T1,T2 ,T3,T4 Ti mt chiu dng tng qut RLE

Ud

UT4

T4 UT2

T2 E

iT4 2.

iT2

K hiu: - Dng tc thi qua linh kin SCR cng sut iT1 , iT2 , iT3, iT4 - in p trn linh kin SCR cng sut uT1 , uT2 , uT3, uT4 - in p v dng in ti ud ,id - Tr trung bnh in p, dng in ti Ud ,Id - Tr hiu dng p pha ngun U - Tr hiu dng dng in ngun I1 - Bin in p pha ngun Um 3. Gi thit: - Ngun p l tng: ngun xoay chiu mt pha l tng, in tr trong ca ngun bng khng. - Cc linh kin bn dn l tng: in p trn linh kin khi dn bng 0. - Ti L ln dng ti phng v lin tc. - Mch trng thi xc lp. 4. Phn tch. - Tng t BCL cu ba pha ta chia thnh hai nhm: nhm Anode (T1, T3) v nhm Cathode (T4, T2). Trong cng mt khong mt thi gian s c hai linh kin ca hai nhm cng dn. a. Xc nh khong dn ca cc SCR - [ + ] -Linh kin T1, T2 cng dn. - [ + 2 + ] -Linh kin T3, T4 cng dn. id id iT1
UT1

iT3
T1 UT3 T3 U1 U2

UdA

UdK

U1

U2

UT4

T4 UT2

T2

iT4

iT2

BI GING IN T CNG SUT

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TS. L MINHPHNG

[CHNG III : B CHNH LU RECTIFIER]

Gi s ngun xoay chiu mt pha c chia lm hai ngun u1 , u 2 : u U u Um u1 = = m sin t ; u 2 = = (sin t ) 2 2 2 2 [ + ] : T1,T2 dn u dA = u1 uT 1 = 0 uT 3 = u 2 u1 = u iT 1 = id iT 3 = 0
uT 2 = 0 iT 2 = id uT 4 = u 2 u1 = u iT 4 = 0

u dK = u 2

[ + 2 + ] :
uT 1 = u1 u 2 = u < 0 iT 1 = 0 uT 2 = u1 u 2 = u < 0 iT 2 = 0
T3T4

u d = u dA u dK = u1 u 2 = u = U m sin t T3,T4 dn
uT 3 = 0 iT 3 = id uT 4 = 0 iT 4 = id
T1T2 T3T4

u dA = u 2 u dK = u1

u d = u dA u dK = u 2 u1 = u = U m sin t
T1T2

iT1 iT4

Hnh 3.11 Gin p chnh lu, p v dng qua linh kin

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TS. L MINHPHNG

[CHNG III : B CHNH LU RECTIFIER]

UT2(V)

UT3(V)

UT4(V)

UT1(V)

Hnh 3.11 Gin in p v dng in qua linh kin 5.

H qu p chnh lu c dng hai xung trong mt chu k p ngun, BCL c gi l b chnh lu hai xung. Tn s hi c bn p chnh lu bng 2 ln tn s p ngun f (1) = p. f = 2.50 = 100 Hz

Trong : p - s xung chnh lu Tr trung bnh in p chnh lu (in p ti). + 1 2 2 2 Ud = U m sin td (t ) = U m cos = U cos

Khi 0

2 2

U Ud

2 2

- Nh vy b chnh lu cu 3 pha iu khin hon ton c th lm vic ch nghch lu v chuyn nng lng v ngun. N c th lm vic hai gc phn t I v IV Tr trung bnh dng in chnh lu (dng in ti). Ud E Id = R p ngc ln nht m SCR phi chu.
BI GING IN T CNG SUT

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TS. L MINHPHNG

[CHNG III : B CHNH LU RECTIFIER]

U RWM = 2U = U m

Dng trung bnh qua SCR.

I T 1 = ... = I T 4 = Id 2

- Khi thit k ta phi chn linh kin sao cho : URRM Ku.U RWM v Id Ki ID1 Trong : Ku = 2,5- 3,5 : H s an ton p Ki 1 : h s an ton v dng Tr hiu dng dng in ngun. I1 = I d Cng sut tiu th trn ti. Pd = U d I d H s cng sut ngun b chnh lu. 2 2UI d P U I = d = d d = = 0.901cos S UI 1 UI d

BI GING IN T CNG SUT

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TS. L MINHPHNG

[CHNG III : B CHNH LU RECTIFIER]

1.

VIII. B CHNH LU CU 1 PHA IU KHIN BN PHN I XNG S : id - Ngun 1 chiu u = U m sin t - Linh kin gm hai Thyristor cng sut iT1 iT3 (T1, T3) v hai Diode cng sut (D2,D4). UT1 - Ti mt chiu RLE dng tng qut T1 UT3 T3 L
Ud R

UD4

D4 UD2

D2 E

iD4 2.

iD2

K hiu: - Dng tc thi qua linh kin cng sut iT1 , iD2 , iT3, iD4 - in p trn linh kin cng sut uT1 , uD2 , uT3, uD4 - in p v dng in ti ud ,id - Tr trung bnh in p, dng in ti Ud ,Id - Tr hiu dng p pha ngun U - Tr hiu dng dng in ngun I1 - Bin in p pha ngun Um 3. Gi thit: - Ngun p l tng: ngun xoay chiu mt pha l tng, in tr trong ca ngun bng khng. - Cc linh kin bn dn l tng: in p trn linh kin khi dn bng 0. - Ti L ln dng ti phng v lin tc. - Mch trng thi xc lp. 4. Phn tch. - Chia thnh hai nhm: nhm Anode (T1,T3) v nhm Cathode (D2,D4). Trong cng mt khong mt thi gian s c hai linh kin ca hai nhm cng dn. id iT1
UT1 T1 UT3

iT3
T3

UdA

U1

U2

a. Xc nh khong dn ca cc linh kin. Gi s ngun xoay chiu mt pha c chia lm hai ngun u1 , u 2 : u U u Um u1 = = m sin t ; u 2 = = (sin t ) 2 2 2 2
BI GING IN T CNG SUT

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TS. L MINHPHNG

[CHNG III : B CHNH LU RECTIFIER]

Phn tch nhm Anode: T1,T3 : [ + ] : T1 dn khi kho p trn linh kin dng tc l trong bn phn dng ca in p ngun u1 [ + 2 + ] : T3 dn khi kho p trn linh kin dng tc l trong bn k dng ca in p ngun u 2 Phn tch nhm Cathode: D2,D4 [0 ] : D2 dn khi kho p trn linh kin dng tc l trong bn k m ca in p ngun u2 . [ 2 ] : D4 dn khi kho p trn linh kin dng tc l trong bn k m ca in p ngun u1 [0 ]: T3,D2 dn u dA = u 2 uT 3 = 0 uT 1 = u1 u 2 iT 1 = 0 iT 3 = 0 u dK = u 2 u D 4 = u 2 u1 = u uT 2 = 0 iT 2 = 0 i D 4 = 0 u d = u dA u dK = u 2 u 2 = 0

[ ]:

T1,T2 dn
uT 3 = u 2 u1 = u iT 3 = 0 uT 4 = u 2 u1 = u iT 4 = 0

uT 1 = 0 iT 1 = id uT 2 = 0 iT 2 = id

u dA = u1 u dK = u 2

u d = u dA u dK = u1 u 2 = u = U m sin t

[0 ]:
uT 1 = 0 iT 1 = 0 uT 2 = u1 u 2 iT 2 = 0

T1,D4 dn
uT 3 = u 2 u1 iT 3 = 0 u D 4 = 0 i D 4 = 0

u dA = u1 u dK = u1

u d = u dA u dK = u 2 u 2 = 0

[ + 2 ]:
uT 1 = u1 u 2 = u < 0 iT 1 = 0

T3,D4 dn
uT 3 = 0 iT 3 = id uT 4 = 0 iT 4 = id

u dA = u 2 u dK = u1

uT 2 = u1 u 2 = u < 0 iT 2 = 0

u d = u dA u dK = u 2 u1 = u = U m sin t

BI GING IN T CNG SUT

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TS. L MINHPHNG
T3D2 T1D2

[CHNG III : B CHNH LU RECTIFIER]

T1D4 T3D4 T3D2 T1D2

UT1(V)

iT1(A)

Ud(V)

Us(V)

i1(A)

iT1 iD4

Hnh 3.13 Gin p chnh lu, p v dng qua linh kin

BI GING IN T CNG SUT

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TS. L MINHPHNG
T3D2

[CHNG III : B CHNH LU RECTIFIER]

T1D2 T1D4 T3D4 T3D2 T1D2

UD2(V)

UT3(V)

UD4(V)

UT1(V)

Hnh 3.14 Gin p chnh lu, p v dng qua linh kin

5.

H qu p chnh lu c dng hai xung trong mt chu k p ngun, BCL c gi l b chnh lu hai xung. Tn s hi c bn p chnh lu bng 2 ln tn s p ngun f (1) = p. f = 2.50 = 100 Hz

Trong : p - s xung chnh lu Tr trung bnh in p chnh lu (in p ti). U 1 2 U d = U m sin td (t ) = m (1 + cos ) = U (1 + cos )

Khi 0

0 Ud

2 2

- Nh vy b chnh lu cu 3 pha iu khin bn phn ch c th lm vic ch chnh lu. N c th lm vic hai gc phn t I Tr trung bnh dng in chnh lu (dng in ti). Ud E Id = R p ngc ln nht m SCR phi chu.
BI GING IN T CNG SUT

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TS. L MINHPHNG

[CHNG III : B CHNH LU RECTIFIER]

U RWM = 2U = U m

Dng trung bnh qua SCR.

I T 1 = ... = I D 6 = Id 2

- Khi thit k ta phi chn linh kin sao cho : URRM Ku.U RWM v Id Ki ID1 Trong : Ku = 2,5- 3,5 : H s an ton p Ki 1 : h s an ton v dng Tr hiu dng dng in ngun. I1 = I d

Cng sut tiu th trn ti.

Pd = U d I d
H s cng sut ngun b chnh lu.

Pd U d I d = S UI 1

BI GING IN T CNG SUT

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TS. L MINHPHNG

[CHNG III : B CHNH LU RECTIFIER]

IX. B CHNH LU CU 1 PHA IU KHIN BN PHN KHNG I XNG 1. S : id iT1

UT1 T1 UD3

iD3
D3 L

Ud

UT4

T4 UD2

D2 E

iT4

iD2

Ngun 1 chiu l tng u = U m sin t -Linh kin gm hai Thyristor cng sut (T1, T4) vhai Diode cng sut (D2, D3) - Ti mt chiu RLE dng tng qut
2. Gi thit : - Ngun mt pha l tng - Linh kin l tng - Dng ti lin tc v mch trng thi xc lp 1. Phn tch. -Tng t BCL cu ba pha ta chia thnh hai nhm : nhm Anode (T1,T3) v nhm Cathode(D4,D2). Trong cng mt khong mt thi gian s c hai linh kin ca hai nhm cng dn. u U u1 = = m sin t 2 2 u U u 2 = = m sin(t ) 2 2 i d id iT1
UT1

iD3
T1 UD3 D3 U1 U2

UdA

UdK

U1

U2

UT4

T4 UD2

D2

iT4

iD2

- [ ] -Linh kin T1,D2 cng dn. - [ + ] -Linh kin D2,D3 cng dn. - [ + 2 ] - Linh kin D3,T4 cng dn.
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TS. L MINHPHNG

[CHNG III : B CHNH LU RECTIFIER]

- [0 ] - Linh kin D3,D2 cng dn.

Phn tch nhm Anode: T1, D3 - T1 dn khi kho p trn linh kin dng tc l trong bn phn dng ca u1 uT 1 = 0; uT 3 = u 2 u1 = u < 0; u dA = u1 -D3 dn khi kho p trn linh kin dng tc l trong bn phn dng ca u 2 u D 3 = 0; uT 1 = u1 u 2 = u < 0; u dA = u 2 Phn tch nhm Cathode: D2, T4 -D2 dn khi kho p trn linh kin dng tc l trong bn phn m ca u 2 u D 2 = 0; uT 4 = u 2 u1 = u < 0; u dK = u 2 -T4 dn khi kho p trn linh kin dng tc l trong bn phn m ca u1 uT 4 = 0; u D 2 = u1 u 2 = u < 0; u dA = u1

BI GING IN T CNG SUT

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TS. L MINHPHNG
D2D3 T1D2

[CHNG III : B CHNH LU RECTIFIER]

D2D3 T3D4 D3D2 T1D2

UT1(V)

iT1(A)

Ud(V)

Us(V)

i1(A)

iT1 iT4

BI GING IN T CNG SUT

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TS. L MINHPHNG
T3D2

[CHNG III : B CHNH LU RECTIFIER]

T1D2 T1D4 T3D4 T3D2 T1D2

Gin p chnh lu, khong dn cc linh kin -Trong khong [0 ] hoc [2 2 + ] - D3,D2 dn u D 2 = 0 uT 3 = 0 u D 4 = u < 0 uT 1 = u > 0 i D 4 = 0 iT 1 = 0 iT 2 = id iT 3 = id did u d = u dA u dk = 0; ud = Rid + L +E dt -Trong khong [ ] T1, D2 dn uT 1 = 0 u D 2 = 0 uT 3 = u < 0 u D 4 = u < 0 i D 4 = 0 iT 1 = id i D 2 = id iT 3 = 0

UD2(V)

UT3(V)

UD4(V)

UT1(V)

u d = u dA u dk = u; ud = Rid + L
-Trong khong [ uT 1 = u < 0 iT 1 = id + ] D2,D3 dn u D 2 = 0 i D 2 = id

did +E dt
uT 4 = u > 0 iT 4 = 0

u D 3 = 0 i D 3 = id

u d = u dA u dk = 0; ud = Rid + L
-Trong khong [ + 2 ] D3,T4 dn
BI GING IN T CNG SUT

did +E dt
Page 41

TS. L MINHPHNG
uT 1 = u < 0 iT 1 = 0

[CHNG III : B CHNH LU RECTIFIER]

u D 2 = u < 0 i D 2 = 0

uT 3 = 0 iT 3 = id

u D 4 = 0 i D 4 = id

u d = u dA u dk = u; ud = Rid + L
D2D3 T1D2 D2D3 T3D4 T3D2

did +E dt
T1D2

UD2(V)

UD3(V)

UT4(V)

UT1(V)

Gin p chnh lu, khong dn cc linh kin

4. H qu.

-Tr trung bnh p chnh lu: U d =

U m sin(t )dt =
2 2

U (1 + cos )

0 0 Ud

Nh vy BCL ny ch c th lm vic ch chnh lu . Khi dng qua ti lin tc in p ti c dng ch ph thuc vo gc iu khin v p ngun U E I d = d -Tr trung bnh dng ti: R -Dng trung bnh qua linh kin Thyristor I T = Id 2
BI GING IN T CNG SUT

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TS. L MINHPHNG

[CHNG III : B CHNH LU RECTIFIER]

-Dng trung bnh qua linh kin Diode I T = - p ngc ln nht qua linh kin - Tr hiu dng dng ngun

+ Id 2
Id

U RNM = 2U I1 =

- H s cng sut ngun b chnh lu =

U d .I d U .I

Nhn xt. - C hai cu hnh u lm mt phn m trn ti v th thun li hn cho cc ng dng - Ch nghch lu khng xy ra - H s cng sut cao hn so vi chnh lu cu 1 pha iu khin hon ton - Thi gian ngt an ton : mch khng i xng an ton hn mch i xng v iu khin hon ton.

BI GING IN T CNG SUT

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