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xkwfa0ol / EdkifiHtusOf;om;rsm;ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;toif;(jrefrmEdkifiH)
xkwfa0jcif; / yxrtBudrf? 2009 ckESpf atmufwdkbmv
rsufESmzHk;ESifhtwGif;'DZdkif; / oD[armifarmif
qufoG,f&ef / P.O Box 93, Maesod, Tak, 63110, Thailand
Tel: 66(0)55 545 495
e.mail: info@aappb.org website: www.aappb.org
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ndKum; olYpum;ESihf trl,mtm; wpdrphf rd Mhf unfv h suf /

________ ________ ________ ________

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olUpum;rqk;H cif ndKu ndKUudk usKyu f sKyef UJ rajymprf;ygeJU? em;xJ pdr;f pdr;f BuD; ndKUtudBk uD;
t&G,af vmuf&w dS myJ[k wm;jrpfonf/
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rysi;f awmUbl? Mumcsio f avmufMumyJ [k 0rf;omtm;& owif;ay;\/
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csKd ;NyD; rsuEf mS okw&f ef ykq;dk a[mif;wxnfukd vSr;f qG\ J /
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b,fygrvJ awmfveS af &;umvrSm 'gawGrvkyd gbl;[k olajz&if; acgif;udo k wk af eonf/
ndKonf ausmif;ay:rS vSr;f MunfU&if; em;&Guaf emfurSm &GUH awGeUJ aocsmajymxm;wJUMum;
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ndK 'Dausmif;udk t&if cPcPa&mufaeom;yJ / 'gayrJh wa,mufxq J akd wmh aqmhvYkd
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ajymajymqdq k kd olcg;awmif;BudKufNyD; rmvumyifay: wufonf / tJtJ .[dt k udik ;f u .
[drk mS &Guyf ek ;f oD;d BuD; 0if;aewmyJ[k ndKu tyifatmufrS armhum ajczsm;ygaxmufí nTejf yonf /
'Dzd ufuvm;[kar;vdu k f wvH;k cl;NyD;ypfay;vdu kd Ef iS hf ol tvGeyf w
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renf;owdxm;um ckecf s&if; xGuaf jy;&onf / tajctaeudk oabmaygufomG ;onfh ndKrSm trav;
aMumufygNyD[k atmf&if; a&SUrS wAke;f Ake;f OD;aqmifajy;ESiNhf yD / 0DueJ 0DueJ ysm;wyfzUJG u rausrcsr;f
'vMurf;vdu k q f J/
________ _________ _________ _________

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ndak jymonf/olum; ud, k Uf tjypfEiS Uf ud,
k f a':wifwif wdUk ay;urQcaH e&if;&,f&cuf rJY&cuf/

_____ __________ __________ ______

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bmtm;i,fp&m&Sv d [ J k ESpo f rd &hf onf /
olpw d cf sr;f omoGm;[efjzifh aus;Zl;wifaom rsu0f ef;rsm;jzifh acgif;ndwjf yonf / ydEo Jé ;D
xH;k wdUk xm;onfEiS hf wlvaS omolUrsuEf mS udk Munfí h ndKrmS oem;onfMhf um;u &,fcsipf w d u f kd ZGwrf sKo
d yd f
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'Dnem;vdu k [f ak jym&if; q&mawmftm; avQmuf&ef a':wifwif xoGm;\ /
ndKu olUtm; auseyfpmG jyHK;jyvQuf taru oabmaumif;w,f / qlp&m&S&d ifawmh
jrHKraebJ qlwwfwm wckbJ om;vnf;r&Sad wmh udak zaomif;udk oHa,mZOfjzpfrw d ,fxifw,f[k
cyfw;kd wd;k ajym\ /
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wd;k wd;k jyefajymonf / ndK MunfompGm jyHK;ae\ /
___________ ___________ __________
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tar trSww f &&ku d x f m;wm 'gu usaemfUtr r&DE, G .f .'gu usaemfUtdru f acG;reJU trSww f & 'DrmS
pojzih"f gwfyrHk sm;vufaxmufí jyaeonf/
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vmonfUykrH sm;ukd oljyaejcif;jzpfonf/ 'gawGbmvkUd ,lvm&wmvJ rdom;pkukd 'DavmufoaH ,mZOfBuD;
ae&if 'gawGbmvkUd vkyo f vJ[k ndKuar;onf/
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________ _________ _________

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yefaeonfUMum;u csr;f omyJay;rSmyguGm qif;&Jray;ygbl;[k xGe;f oufaMunmoGm;ao;\/
___________________________________________________

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uufqufZmwfvrf;em;axmifaumif;wke;f tdru f vmac:í rMunfrvifjzpfomG ;wwfonfU


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vufur;fpmapmifukd tNyD;owf 'DZidk ;f jyifqifNyD;NyD/


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___________________________________________________

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_______________________________________________________
nf/
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tvsiv f dk taES;awGUovkd jzpfaeNyD /


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aom toHukd twdtusMum;vdu k í f ausmcsr;f ovkd jzpfr\ d /
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][kdrSm ndK ....ndK ...rcifat; ...vmvm..'Dudkvm}


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____________________________________________

wu,fwrf;usawmU reufjzefqw dk m ra&&maom umvwckomjzpfreS ;f ndK tckawmU


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f mwmawmif *&kpu kd af zmf
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f /
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reufvif;í rcifat;udk arQmaf omfvnf; a&mufrvm ndKUzmom oGm;&efvnf; a':av;


wkUd urvTw&f J aejrifo h nfEiS t
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_______________________________________________________

&xm;ay:üvnf; 'DtaMumif;udo k m vltrsm;vSKyfvKS yf&&G aG jymaeMuqJ /ndKvn;f em;axmif


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tar\ pk;d &drrf KS rD;awmufBuD;udk xif;rsm;xyfrxk;d awmUaomfvnf; tyl&edS rf ukeaf o;yJ


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k í
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iSuyf pfa,mifaqmifí tke;f ode;f ndKwkUd jcHaemuf pnf;&k;d em;uyfacsmif;onf/ a&ujyifwiG f


ajccsxidk &f if; ndKUvufxv J n
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udk eif;csro d nf/
]azaomif; b,frvJ}
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aeapmif;&if azaomif; raewwfb;l [knaewkid ;f ol atmfcUJ NyD;NyD/ ,ck naevnf; xkd


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]aps;BuD;ykid ;f u cifarmifvwfukd odvm;..olvnf;jyefra&mufawmUbl; olUrdbawGvnf;


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]iydpm;vkUd jzpfwmuG vlqu D ul;wmvnf;ygw,f/ [m..iydrpm;vkUd bmoGm;pm;rvJ.ayguf


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vdyu f kd twif;jyefvo k nf/
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wdik ;f us ajymcGirhf &vku d /f
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a&'D,dk rS owif;aMumifh ndKxckeNf yD; rcifat;tdro f Ukd 'ke;f pkid ;f ajy;onf/


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__________________________________________________

'Dwcg tazay;aom wm0efukd tke;f ode;f vkv d m;pGmxr;faqmif&ef uwdjyKvu dk \f / &yfxJ


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d af wmU\/
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tdrjf yefa&mufNyD; &ufyidk ;f rQ ukyaf e&onfuykd if pdwrf &Sncf si/f


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________________________________

um;*dwzf uf oGm;&rSmawmif cyfvefUvefU / olrwkUd roGm;cif tke;f ode;f u um;*dww f 0ku


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a&tk;d pifudk jznfU&ef yk;H qGí J vmcku d ?f v,form;wa,muf xGew f ;Hk ESihf ESiw
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onf/
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rcifat; ud, k wf ikd v
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waeUvHk; wnvHk; ndKUtdrfrSmatmif;í jzpforQZmwfaMumif;pHkudk cif;&onfrSm
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acGacGuav; tdyaf ysmfaeNyDjzpfonf /
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reufr;kd rvif;cif rd;k onf;onf;Mum;rSm ndKxí azaomif;udk ESKd ;&onf /
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ndK...odNyD;a&maygU &Spf&ufaeUpr,f ..udk,fUzufrSm tm;vkH;eD;yg;tqifajyygw,f/ t


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