Professional Documents
Culture Documents
dk mv 2010
armifvrG ;f %D
[dkvrf;ua0;w,f 'Dvrf;ueD;w,f
acG;jcaoFh 'Dvrf;ua0;w,f [dkvrf;ueD;w,f²²²qdk+yD;
&&mtaygufu0ifr,fh trwfwdk@a&²²²
jcaoFhqdkvSsif/ awmbk&ifrdk@/ c$swfacsmfaewJh2008 zGJ@pnf;yHkxJ
vnfrSsifqHzGm;/ zm;vsm;vsm;ESifh/ rsufpdudkrdSwf em;awGydwfum
ZGwftwif;0ifckefqif;+yD;
om;aumiftaygif;/ canmif;&GHŒa=umuf/ vGwfawmfrSmZGwfatmfbdk@r}udK;pm;vdkuf=uygeJ@
a+y;r=unfheJ@ awG;=unfhwmeJ@odaeygw,f
av;pm;avmufonfh/ owWdESifhrmef/
a&G;aumufyGJvm; 'l;axmufyGJvm;²²²qdkwm
jcaoFh[efjzifh/ w0ifh0ifhrdk@/ &k'frufpf&Jh 'Dvrf;[m
udk,fhvnfyif; udk,f}udK;uGif;pGwfr,fhvrf;
&J&ifhjcif;twGuf/ pHwifw,f? &k'frufpf&Jh 'Dvrf;[m
acG;qdkvnf;acG;/ jynfoltrsm; r}udKufwJhvrf;
&k'frufpf&Jh 'Dvrf;[m
t,fvfaZ;&Sif;/ tif;acG; ArmacG;/ tm%m&Sifpepf oufqdk;&Snfapr,fhvrf;
&k'fruf'f&Jh 'Dvrf;[m
bmacG;jzpfjzpf/ acG;tppfrdk@/
tem*wfordkif;w&m;cH a&G;cs,fr,fhvrf;
acG;jzpf&wm/ *k%f&Sdygw,f [dkvrf;eD;Eld;Edl; 'Dvrf;eD;Eld;Edl; txifeJ@
udk,fhvrf;awmhudk,f reD;vdkuf=uygeJ@²²²trwfwdk@a&
opPmapmifhwwf/ ADZ"mwfa=umifh 'DtcsdefrSm²²²trSefw&m;wGufr&yfwnf&Jawmif
rSwfausmufwifvdk@&Edkifr,f? trSm;vkyfaeolawGtay: axmufrcHrdbdk@ta&;}uD;ygw,f
uJ²²²a&S@quf
jcaoFhrppf/ acG;rppfeJ@/ cifAsm; usaemf vufcsif;quf+yD;
a&G;aumufyGJr0ifa&;²²²²²²²²²'dk@ ta&;
ZmpfjrpfrrSef/ vnfqHrzGm/
2008 zGJ@pnf;yHkzsufodrf;a&;²²²²²²²²'dk@ ta&;
rmefygyg[def;a[mufayr,fh qENrJ ray;a&;²²²²²²²²'dk@ ta&;
EldifiHa&; tusOf;om;vGwfajrmufa&;²²²²²²'dk@ ta&;
&GHŒavmufp&m/ [efryg[efrjynfh =um;jzwftpdk;&ay:aygufa&;²²²²²²²²'dk@ ta&;
rmefAvm rmefr&Sdvdk@ æ 'Drdkua&pD&&Sda&;²²²²²²²²'dk@ ta&;
vl@tcGiahf &; &&Sad &;²²²²²²'d@k ta&;
“owœ”d “opPm” b,ft&mrSprH 0if oydwf oydwf²²²²²arSmuf²²²²arSmuf
ta&;awmfyHk²²²²²atmif&rnf
o¿mefqif¶Hkav;eJ@
ta&;awmfyakH tmif&rnf? ?
aoG;=uGvdk@ajrmufayr,fh tarhom;
jref r mjynf o m;rsm;ta&;yl ; wG J v _ y f & S m ;r_ a umf r wD
(wu,fawmhæ) (JACBA)rS jzef@csDaom jrefrmjynfom;pmapmiftm; http://
acG;b0avmuf*k%fr&Sd? jacbaburma.blogspot.com tifwmeuf bavmh*fwGif
vnf; 0ifa&mufzwf&e_ idk f ygonf?
armifpdef0if;(ykwD;ukef;) pmrsufEmS (3)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif atmufwb
dk mv 2010
tmZmenf -u,fawGtjydKifvif;zdk v
h w
kd ,f
oHknwvHk;[m
a&SŒqHk;rSm²raeoifhbl;?
rif;wdk hae&maysmufrSma=umufwmeJ h
ESprf sm;pGm ae n
h rjywf wkef jh yef
cef;rwckvHk;azsmufxm;&ovm;?
awmufacgufoH vSsHa0aewJh
rdk;}udK;²vSsyfpD;&,f
vlxk&ifxJ wdk;vSsKd; 0if=unfhprf;y?
rif;²²igwdk hudkypfcwfjymcsvnf;
aomuoifh ESvkH;om;eH&HrSm
rif;vnf;c%bJvif;rSmyg
azsmuf raysmuf?
vrif;uawmh jzpfvmrSmr[kwfygbl;?
zsuf rysu?f
oli,fcsif;wdk ha&²²²
z,f rjy,f?
rdk;wdwfrStjyifxGufr,fqdkwJ hpdwf"gwfawGeJ hawmh
acs ra=u?
b,fudkrSa&mufrSmr[kwfbl;?
ajcmuf ra=umuf?
,Hk=unfcsufawGudkxrf;+yD;
usnfqHrdk;ayguf 'vpyfatmuf
urBmopfudkoGm;r,fhvrf;[m
vGwfvyfa&;zcif &kyfv$m
=urf;awmh=urf;vdyfhr,f?
ajrrusatmif &J&aJ jrSmuf r?
a&SŒrSmvnf;
&ifteHk J ah ygif usnw
f ;kd c?
wap>waumif
aoG;yGufpufpuf vrf;rxufrSm
aoewfudkif+yD;apmifhaew,f?
aemufrqkwf taocH
wap>ta=umufoifhwJ htcsDefrSmawmh
tm%m&Sifudk tmcH&Jol
igwdk hrsufvHk;awGudkuef;oifhuef;xm;&vdrfhr,f?
ausmif;olav; trnfemr
+yD;awmh
xm0& 0if;y
awmufyaewJ rh suv
f ;kH topfawGeJ h
wnfwhH xif&pf+rJy? ?
tdrrf ufawGub
kd w
J nf w
h nf =h unf +h yD;
(a'gif ; eD )
&J&J0Hh0HhavSsmuf&atmif?
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmifESifh bavmh*f
rD;ysuaf ewJ n
h awGrkd h
"mwfyEkH iS hf owif;rsm;udk =u,fawG+ydKifwlvif;zdk@ vdkw,f?
a'guw
f mvG%;f aqGbavmh*Ef iS hf tifwmeuf
pmrsuEf mS rS ul;,lazmfjyonf? aumif;uifudk
Ô Ô Ô ÔÔ Ô Ô Ô pmrsufEmS (4)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif atmufwb
dk mv 2010
ypPKy`et
f EGr;f
ta&mifrJhoufouf
&mZ0iftqufquf
jynf t h wGuq f kd
tarmifa'gif;wdk h²²a&S@uOD;aqmif²²?
&Spfyl;ESpfy,frSm
tqdyfvl;usnfzl;
&ifbufawGcu H wkwef J h
tHwkbuf+ydKif²² &efoleJ hpD;csif;rxdk;cif
aoG;ysufumajy;xGufolu aemufausm"g;0if
r²q²v tdrf=uD;uawmh²trdk;awGvef
{u&mZfyef;awGvJ wdik af wGeJ ²h ²tumawG&JG h
oHk;yGifhqufa=uGus²² omoemudkcs paw;wmawmif
&kdufcsufawGyDoayr,fh End game ura&muf
bmrsS 'dk rh &vdu k bf ;l ² tedkif&ygwDu
aoG;qmol rdpm> wpk&J h vlrSl ha&;toif;jzpf²²
armif;jyefawGatmuf ppf{u&mZfuawmh
wrvGefa&mufola&muf xif&mqdik ;f zdk h
tusOf;usolus 2008 Oya'awGeJ h
olykefxol²x wHwkdif;cwf
=u,fawGwpif;+yD;wpif;a=uG nL;uvD;,m;ay:wuf&yfzdk h}uHaqmif
aoG;awGwuGuf+yD;wuGufpGef; o,HZmwawGvJajymif
'Dvekd J h 0rf;r0vdk h
22 eSpfausmfumv wef;tjyifa&mufola&muf
twdwfarha&m*gonfawGu aumif;jcif;awGtm;vHk;ysufokef;wJh
twWawGudkt+ydKifysdK;vdk h &mZ0if&kdif;&kdif;acmwfordkif;rSm
Zmwfwlom;awGtvkt,ufpm; ppfacG;bDvl;&J htpG,fazG;azG;awG=um;
t&ifa&mufolwef;pD;vkyf²² tom;'pfawGygoGm;rSm
ta0;uGif;rSm²²a&mrvdkusifh&if; awG;a=umufvkd h
udk,f,Hk=unfcsuf²²udk,fjyefwdkufpm; rsdK;qufopfudkcsa=uG;awmhrSmvm;?
oduQmawG²&duQmeJ hvJ
t+ydK +ydKtuGu J ²JG ²pm&dwaW wGeJ h
pm;cGufvkvdk haumif;aeqJ aqmif ; ,G e f ; aEG
OcGH
[efa&;uwjyjy vSrf;axmufvdkufawmh
*sdKapmif;uw=uG=uG vGrf;avmufp&m²²wuGufrSsr&Sd
'DZr…L²²²²² r[kwfrrSefwJh²²o&kyfo¿mefu
wlp&mvlr&Sd atmf²²²²²²²
igESifhigom²²²Edkif;p&mvdk h trSm;trSefrjrifwJ h
t&dkif;owW0g²²jzpfaeolawG tiSm;cE<majrSmifeJ h
twdw&f J ²h ²²²² 0ifupGwfaumifawGygvm;
wpdwfwa'oudk
ae=um
Ô Ô Ô ÔÔ Ô Ô Ô pmrsufEmS (5)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif atmufwb
dk mv 2010
For Our Migrant Workers
jrefrma&$ hajymif;= odapa-umif;
a&$ a
h jymif;tvkyo
f rm;rsm;ESihf ywfoufaom tcGit
hf a&;rsm;
ynmoif-um;cGihf
vlwidk ;f [m vlrsKd;/ edikd if o
H m;/ bmom/ tom;ta&mif/ qif;&Jcsrf;om ra&G;/ todik ;f t0dik ;f /
taxmuftxm; r&Sad ptH;k awmh tpd;k &xHuae tjccHynmudk (BE-2542)Oya't& p&dwf
ukeu f sr_r&Syd J oif=um;cGihf &Syd gw,f?
ausmif;awGuvnf; pmoif=um;cGifhudk cGifhjyK&r,f? vufcH&r,f? arG;pm&if;taxmuf
txm;eJ@ tpd;k &xHuae taxmuftxm;r&Sad yr,fh rdbtkyx f ed ;f ol(0g) tife*f sDtwkd pfcck k uae taxmuftxm;yg&if
&ekid w
f ,f? wu,fv@kd rdb/ tkyx f ed ;f ol/ tife*f sDtkd awG&@J axmufccH sufr&Sb d ;l qd&k if tJ'u D av;&J@ ud,
k af &;rSww
f rf;rSm
“xdik ;f ekid if H om;r[kwaf =umif;/ edik if o
H m;vufrw S f r&Sad =umif;”rSww f rf;wifxm;wmrsKd; rvky& f bl;? 'gtjyif ynmoif=um;cGi/hf
&d;k &m"avh xH;k pH odciG hf a'ocH pum;/ rdcifbmompum; oif,cl iG & hf w
dS ,f?
arG;zGm;jcif;eJ h aoqHk;jcif;
(BE-2534))oef;acgifpm&if;Oya't& xki d ;f edik if t
H wGi;f arG;zGm;aomuav;rsm; arG;vufrw
S &
f &Scd iG &
hf +dS yD;? aoqH;k ygu
aqG;rsKd;rsm;rS aoqH;k vufrw S &
f &Scd iG &
hf ydS gw,f?
,mOfa-umxdcu
kd r
f +
a&$@ajymif;tvkyo f rm;rsm; ,mOfwu dk rf a_ =umif'h %f&m&jcif;/ aoqH;k wd@k wGif ukr%
` rD S avsmaf =u;&&Syd gw,f? ,mOfarmif;
olonfvnf; xdik ;f ekid if o
H m;uJo h @kd (BE-2435),mOfwu dk rf _ Oya'rS jyXmef;xm;onfth wkid ;f atmufygcHpm;cGirhf sm;&&Sed ikd yf gw,f?
- cE<mud, k x f cd udk rf E_ iS hf usef;rma&;xdcu kd rf t
_ wGuf epfema=u; 50000 &&Scd iG & hf ydS gw,f?
- aoqH;k jcif;(0g) roefrpGr;f jzpfygu epfema=u; 80000 tm; 180 &uftwGi;f yxr t&pftjzpf &&Scd iG & hf ydS gw,f?
tvkyfvkyfcGifhvufrSwfjyKvkyfjcif;eJ h odoifhaomtcsufrsm;
- axGaxG tvkyo f rm;/ yef;&H/ yef;yk/ pdu
k yf sK;d a&;/ avSvyk if ef;/ y,fv,fa&vkyif ef;/ tdraf zmfvyk if ef;/ arG;jrLa&;vkyif ef; ponfvyk if ef;rsm;om
vkyu
f ikd cf iG &
hf &Srd mS jzpfygw,f?
- vufrw S & f +dS yD;olrsm; tvkyaf jymif;Ir&yg? tvky& f iS rf S tjypf&adS omtcg tvkyo f rm;rS tvkyaf jymif;cGi& hf ydS gw,f? (Oyrm-
owfrw S x f m;aom vkyt f m;cr&jcif;) c&dik 0f ef. cGijhf yKcsufe@J e,fajrjyifyod@k xGucf iG & hf ydS gw,f?
- tvkyaf jymif;&mwGif tvky& f iS t
f opf&mS &rnf? tvky& f iS af [mif;xHrS tvkyx
f uG +f yD;? (7)&uftwGi;f tvky& f iS t
f opfxH
ajymif;&rSmjzpfygw,f? tvky& f iS af [mif;rS 15 &uftwGi;f rSm tvkyo f rm;&SmazGa&;&H;k rSm oGm;a&mufxw k yf ,f&rnfjzpfygw,f?
tvkyaf jymif;a&$@c 150 bwfay;aqmif&rSmjzpfygw,f?
- (axma&m - 38/1) vufrw S af ysmufq;kH oGm;ygu vkyaf qmifc bwf 20 ay;I +rdK@e,f&;kH wGif xyfrv H yk &
f rnfjzpfygw,f?
tvkyform;rSwfyHkwif eHygwf 13 vHk;udk tvGwf&atmif rSwfxm;&rSmjzpfygw,f? rdrd. trnfudkvnf; xkdif;bmomeJ@
ta&;usifx h m;&rnfjzpfygw,f?
- vufrSwf 3 ckpvHk;onf tvkyform;. ydkifqkdifaom ypPnf;jzpfaoma=umifh tvkyf&SifrS odrf;Ir&yg? udk,feJ@ruGm
t+rJord ;f xm;&rSmjzpfygw,f? ysufuu G yf gu '%faiG 1000 ay;aqmif&rnfjzpfygw,f? tvkyo f rm;u tvkyv f yk af eonfh
ae&meJ@ vufrSwfxJwGifazmfjyxm;aom ae&mudkufnDr_ r&Sdygu tvkyf&Sifonf axmif'%fwveJ@ aiG'%f 2000
ay;aqmif&rnfjzpfygw,f?
- tvkyo f rm;onf e,fajrjyifjyod@k w&m;&H;k &J@ qifah c:csuft&aomfvnf;aumif;/ &J trde@f yg&SI d aomfvnf;/ tvkyo f rm;
0ef}uD;Xme&J@ pma=umifah omfvnf;aumif;/ xGucf mG v#if tjypfr&Syd g?
- tvkyo f rm; zsm;emygu aq;&Hw k iG f aq;ukocGi&hf ydS gw,f?
- tvkyo f rm;. om;orD; (axma&m - 38/1)vufrw S rf &Sad omfvnf; ausmif;aecGi& hf +dS yD;/ ynmt&nftcsif;vufrw S & f &Scd iG hf
&Sdygw,f?
rSjD irf;? ? HRDF & LLC rS xkwaf 0aom “xdik ;f Oya'rsm;vufpæ
JG ?”
rpENm? ?at;[m²² 'gqkd igwŒkd &yfuu G zf ufuv kd nf; vmaumufO;D rpENm? ? [if;æ 'DrsuEf mS &l;uvnf; warSmif?h orD;rSm vufxyf
r,fxifyg&JŒ r,fhol&Sdygw,f? em;azguf xm;wJhol&Sdygw,fqdkwmvnf; r&bl;
rdk;? ?tif;²² aiGukefaygufawGuvnf; rsm;vdkufwm[m²² at;? ?'if;wdŒk acwfqakd wmh jyoemrjzpfatmifawmh =unfah &Smif
ygorD;&,f²²
rpENm? ?[kww f ,f[m²² bmvdv k ekd ŒJ oDwif;u|waf wmhr,faemf?
rpENm? ?=unfhawmh a&SmifwmyJtar²² orD;udk b,fvdktpm;xJ
rdk;? ?at;æ wdŒk vufxyfzŒkd twGuf aiGpak ewmvnf; rjynfEh ikd f ursm; xifaevJrodbl;?
ao;bl;?
at;? ?ajym&if;qdk&if; vmae+yD²²
rpENm? ?crf;crf;em;em;awG bmrSrvkyfyJ bkef;}uD;ausmif;rSm
qGrf;oGm;uyfvdkuf&if awmfavmuf +yD xifwmyJ²² (ppfAdkvfoD[ rl;a=umifa=umifjzifh 0ifvm)
rdk;? ?tif;²² igu eifuh kd wifah wmifw h ifw f m oD[? ?a[h²² tonf;av;²² b,fomG ;aewmvJ² cke vm&Smwm
h ,f vufxyfcsiw
[? r&Sb
d ;l ?
rpENm? ?ig odygw,f²² 'gayr,fh tJ'v D jkd zpfzŒkd qd&k if wdŒk awG aemuf rpENm? ?(&Suaf 'gojzif)h usrudk 'Dvrdk ac:ygeŒJ ? usrrdaumif;zcif
xyf b,fEES pS f =umOD;r,f rodb;l ? om;orD;yg? ywf0ef;usifeJ@ aewm²²
rdk;? ?tif;²² igawmh jrefjrefvufxyfcsi+f yD[mæ eifwŒkd om;t oD[? ?tHr,fæ }uD;}uD;us,fus,f²² eifwdk@vdk rdef;rrsKd; ,lvm
rd ESpaf ,mufwnf; pdwrf csb;l ? wmrsm;+yD²² igu ppfAv kd jf zpfawmh rSm[²² eif Adv k u f awmf rjzpfcsif
bl;vm;² [D; [D;
rpENm? ?eifu tarhukdpdwfrcswmvm; ighudkpdwfrcswmvm;?
rpENm? ?bm Adv k uf awmfrS rjzpfcsib f ;l ? usrrSm vufxyf&r,fo h l
rdk;? ?[D;æ t"duuawmh eifu h akd yg[ h m²² 'D0gu|w&f if &Sw d ,fvŒkd ajymxm;w,f r[kwv f m;?
b,fvykd jJ zpfjzpf vufxyf=u&atmif aemf?
Adkvf? ?tHr,f²² ighudk aumif;aumif;ajymprf; (toHrm)
rpENm? ?(pOf;pm;+yD; acgif;ndwf)
a':at;? ?Adv
k }f uD; rl;&if jyefzŒkd aumif;+yD
tcef ; 3
Adkvf? ?(a':at;omud k rxD a v;pm;=unf h + yD ; +yH K ;) a=omf ² ²
rpENm uGrf;,mqdkif [kwu f ²hJ ² [kwu
f hJ tar²² usaemf jyefvu kd yf gO;D r,fcifAs²² (pyfjzJjzJ
rsufESmjzifh xGufoGm;)
aeŒ ? tjyif
rpENm? ?(vufxJu uGrf;nSyfjzifh uGrf;oD;wjcrf;tm; nSyfvdkuf?
rpENm tjyifuaps;0,f+yD; jyefvm? tar a':at;om qdik x f ikd af e uGrf;oD; uJGxGufoGm;) awmuf?
a':at;om? ?orD;æ aps;rSmwmawG &cJ&h ŒJ vm;?
tcef ; 4
rpENm? ? &awmh&cJhw,ftara&æ aps;awGuvnf; wufvdkuf uGrf;,mqdkif? t&ufqdkif
wm²² usw,fvŒkd udk r&Sb d ;l
naeapmif;? tjyif
a':at;om? ?at;[,f²² aps;a&mif;&wmvnf; ukefaps;E_ef;
awGwufawmh ta&mif;t0,fvnf; raumif;/ ta=uG;usawmh rpENmqdkif? rdk;ausmfoma&mufae? uGrf;oD;nSyf/ rpENm uGrf;&Guf
vnf; r&SdwJholtcsif;csif;qdkawmh tcufom;? aq;ae (+yHK;+yHK;&,f&,fEiS hf pum;ajymae? toHryg)
f &if;av; rjyKwfatmifawmh vkyrf jS zpfr,ftara&? (qdik cf yfvrS ;f vSr;f t&ufqikd w
rpENm? ?qdik t f iG f Adv
k o
f [
D }uHzh @HG 1 a,mufEiS hf t&yf
twlaomuf&if; vSrf;=unfhae)
a':at;om? ?tif;²² 'geJŒ ckeu [dktaumif &pfoD&pfoDeJŒ
vm=unfhoGm;ao;w,f? }uHh? ?tJ'Daumifaygh Adkvf}uD;&JŒ? rdk;ausmfomqdkwJhaumif
rpENm? ?b,ftaumifvJtar²² rdk;ausmfvm;²² Akdvf? ?'Daumifu rpENm ,lr,fhaumifvm;
at;? ?[kwfygbl;at²² [dkppfAdkvfqdkwJhtaumifav²² vm&if }uH?hH ?[kwfw,f? tzGm;}uD;uvnf; oabmwlxm;wmav?
vnf; rl;rl;&l;&l;eJŒ²² oDwif;usGwf&if ,l=uawmhr,f ajymwmyJ? pmrsufEmS (8)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif atmufwb
dk mv 2010
Akdvf? ?aocsvScsnfvm; rpENm? ?rdk;ausmf²² ajy;²² ajy;awmh²² tajctaeraumif;bl;
Adv
k ?f ?awmuf (vufxu J rD;jcpfukd jcpf+yD; rD;nSv
d ukd )f rajymrqdk Adkvf? ?a[haumif²² rajy;eJŒ²² rif; igeJŒawGŒr,f²² (rl;+yD; jyefx
uGr;f ,mqdik zf uf x xGuo
f mG ;? }uHzh w
G f +yHK;ppESihf use&f pf ajrmif;ay: jyefwuf jyefjyKwfus) awmuf? Igt
h a=umif; od&r,fuG
Adv
k o
f [
D wvSr;f csi;f rl;a=umifa=umif0ifvm? qdik jf yifxu
G +f yD; uGr;f tcef ; 5
&Guaf q;aeaom rpENmem; uyfomG ;+yD; rpENm vufudk vSr;f qJG
rdk;ausmfomtdrf
Adv
k ?f ?tcspaf v;²² tonf;av;²² [J [J
rdk;ausmfomtar tdrfa&SŒwGifxdkifae? rsufESmraumif;?
rpENm? ?(vefŒoGm;+yD; vufu&kd ek ;f ) &Sif 'gbmvkyw
f mwke;f (a'go)
tdro
f Œkd ppfAv
kd /f ppfom; 2 a,mufEiS hf }uHzh w
G f 0ifvm
Akv
d ?f ?[J[²J ² tonf;av; tvkyrf sm;aevm; ²² ulncD siv
f Œkd yg²²
}uHhzGwf? ?uJ²² a':uvsm²² cifAsm;vnf; od+yD;a&mayg?h cifAsm;om;
(rdk;ausmfom tHh=opGm a=umif=unfhaerd) 'DAv
kd }f uD;udk owfzŒkd }uHpnfvŒkd wJ?h
Adv f m a':uvsm?
k ?f ?tHrm² eifu tckrS b,fvjkd zpfaewmvJ²² (rk;d ausmo ?oltdrfjyefrvmbl;?
udkjrifoGm;+yD;) a=omf²² 'D taumif&SdaevdkŒvm;²² [m; [m;²²
Adkvf? ?usKyfwdkŒodw,f²² 'DaumifxGufajy;aewm
eifvh ufuav;udk a[monfvkd a[monfvkd (vufukd vSr;f udik )f
udkifawmhbmjzpfvJ }uH?h ?cifAsm;trsKd;awG&SdwJh&GmawGzuf xGufoGm;w,fqdk²²
rd;k ausmo
f m? ?Adv
k }f uD;²² cifAsm; vGeaf e+yDAsm²² a':uvsm? ?'gawmh usrrodbl;
Adkvf? ?tHr,f²² rif;u bmaumifvJ²² ig AdkvfoD[uGaemf²² Akdvf? ?rodb;l vm;? &w,f²² cifAsm;vdu k cf ?hJ cifAsm;om; jyefvm
odw,fr[kwfvm;? wyfrawmfuuG tzrf;cH&if cifAsm; jyefvw
G f rSm aygAh sm²² uJ²² vdu k cf ahJ yawmh²²
rdk;? ?wyfrawmfom;qdkwm vlxkudk apmifha&Smuf&wmAs? a':uvsm? ?&Sifæ
apmfum;zdkŒ r[kwfbl;
tcef ; 6
Adkvf? ?bmuG? &m&mpp? apmfum;awmh bmjzpfvJ²² rif;vdk
aumifudk²² (aoewfudk vSrf;xkwf ,lvdkuf+yD; rdk;ausmfomudkcsdef) vufzuf&nfqikd ?f vli,f 3 OD; pum;ajym
t&Sifrxm;bl; 1? ?[kwfw,fuGæ rdk;ausmf ae@vnfu ppfwyfrSm oGm;t
rdk;? ?cifAsm;²² cifAsm;vGefae+yDaemf²² zrf;cHvdkuf+yDwJh? olŒtarudk zrf;+yD; ESdyfpufaewm 4 &ufawmif
&Sdae+yDqdkawmhvnf;²²
rpENm? ?td²k ² 'kuyQ gyJ
2? ? 'DaumifawG odyfvGefvGef;w,fuGmf²²
Adkvf? ?vGefw,fuGm²² bmjzpfvJ²² (aoewfudk armif;wif&ef
[efjyif) 3? ? rpENmvnf; oem;ygw,f? widik kd eJŒ²²
ud,
k t
hf cGit
hf a&;udk ud,
k t
f oH;k csjcif;
'D&ufyidk ;f uawmh a&G;aumufyq JG w kd hJ toHawGuyJ pDpn D H oavmuf&aSd eygw,f? Ekid if aH &;pdw0f ifpm;olwidk ;f uvnf; tJovdk
aew,fqw kd m vlwidk ;f odygw,f? a&G;aumufy[ JG m bmyJajymajym }udKwifoHk;oyf=u ygw,f?
r&dSwmxufpm&if aumif;w,fvdk@ jiif;ckHwJholawG &dSaeovdk tu,fI wpHkwOD;u usaemfhudk ar;vmr,fqdkygawmh
a&G;aumuf yGJ0if+yD; ygvDrefwGif;uae wkdufyGJ0if,lr,f? aemifrSm cif A sm;u a&G ; aumuf y G J oyd w f a rS m uf a &;vm; od k @ r[k w f
wjznf ; jznf ; eJ @ jyif , l o G m ;r,f q d k w J h Ek d i f i H a &;ygwD rsm;vnf ; a&G;aumufyGJvkyfwmudk axmufcHwJh bufuvm;vdk@ ar;vm&if
&dSaeygw,f?/ wcsdefxJrSmvnf; a&G;aumufyGJudk r0ifa&;/ a&G; usaemfhtajzuawmh ¶dk;¶dk;&Sif;&Sif;ygyJ? rJrxnfhbl;qdkwJh tajzudk
aumufyu JG kd oydwaf rSmufa&;/ rJ¶u kH o kd mG ;+yD; rJrxnfah &;udk tqdk ay;rSmjzpfygw,f? }udKwifrJvnf; rxnfhzl;? rJ¶HkudkoGm;+yD; vnf;
wiforl sm;vnf; &dyS gw,f? tu,fI a&G;aumufyo JG m acsmacsm rxnfhbl;? wcsKdŒuawmh qdkygw,f? ppftpdk;&udk r}udKufayr,fh
arm armjzpfcJhr,fqdk&if ppftpdk;&u aemufcHay;xm;wJh =uHŒzGwf a&G;aumufyu JG kd qef@usiw
f mudak wmh vufrcH Ekid yf gb;l wJ?h bmjzpf
ygwD u ae&mtawmf r sm;rsm;rS m tEk d i f & zd k @ uawmh aocsm pmrsufEmS (10)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif atmufwb
dk mv 2010
vdk@wkef;qdkawmh a&G;aumufyGJqdkwJh tcGifhtvrf;uae aemifrSm um,uH&SifawGrS odrSmyg? EkdifiH om;awGudk udk,fjzpfapvdkwJh
ud, k v f ckd siw f m awG zefw;D ,lomG ;Ekid w f ,fv@kd qdyk gw,f? wcsKŒd u enf;AsL[mtwkdif; vkdufvkyfapcsif&if tpuwnf;u vlawGu
vnf; ppftpd;k &[m a&G;aumufyu JG kd usi;f yay;wm [m ta=umif; todt rSwf0kdif;jyKxm;wJh vlyk*~dKvfawG jzpfzdk@awmh vdkwmaygh?
&dSygw,fwJh? bmta=umif;vJqdkawmh ppfwyf[m EkdifiHa&;uae todtrSwjf yKw,fqw kd muvnf; todtrSwf jyK&avmufatmif
wjznf;jznf;csi;f pepf wus qkwcf mG oGm;aewmvnf; jzpfv@kd ygw?hJ aumif;rGefwJh csD;usL;cH&avmufwJh tvkyfawG qufwkdufvkyfcJhrS
t,ltquawmh trsK;d rsK;d aygah v? ud, k t hf ,ltqudk ud, k wf ifjy jzpfrSmudk;?
wm wifjycGifh&dSygw,f? tckawmh tJovdkr[kwfbJ bk&m;ocifu ckdif;vkdufvdk@/
usaemf bma=umif h rJ o G m ;rxnf h b l ; qd k w mud k wkduf¶kdufv$wfvkdufwJh udk,fpm;vS,fawGvdk yJ olwdk@enf;AsL[m
ajymjyvdkygw,f? twkdif; vlawG vkyfaqmifoifhw,fvdk@ ajymae=uwm EkdifiHom;
Ekid if o H m;wkid ;f rSm arG;&myg Ekid if o H m;wOD;&JŒ tcGit hf a&;rsm;&dyS gw,f? wkdif;rSm tcGifhta&; &dSw,fvdk@ ajymcJh+yD;om;yg? rJxnfhzdk@ vdktyf
tJ't hD cGit hf a&;awG ydwyf ifcx H m; &w,fq&kd if ydwyf ifwhJ tkycf sKyfol w,fvdk@ ,lq&if xnfhr,f? rJrxnfhoifhbl;vdk@ ,Hk=unfp&m
rsm;udk a0zef&rSmyJjzpfygw,f? EkdifiHom;awG[m 2008 ckESpfu ta=umif;awG &dSae&ifvnf; rJrxnfhEkdifcGifh vlawGrSm &dSaew,f
twnfjyKcJhwJh zGJ@pnf;yHktopfudk bmrSef;aoaocsmcsm rodvkduf qdkwmudkvnf; vufcHzdk@vdkwmaygh? 'Drdkua&pDrSm oabmxm;uGJ
&bJ rJxnf=h uqdv k @kd rJxnfch &hJ ygw,f? Ekid if o H m;awGtaeeJ@ rJrxnfh ykdifcGifh &dSwmudk;/ [kwfw,frdk@vm;?
cif tJ'zhD @JG pnf;yHu k kd jyefveS af qG;aEG;cGi&hf jcif; r&dcS yhJ gb;l ? r&bl;qdw k m trSefqdk&if jzpfoifhwmu zGJ@pnf;yHktopfeJ@ ywfoufvdk@
u vnf; Ekid if o H m;awGqu D kd csjycJwh mrS r[kww f mud;k ? olw@kd [m EkdifiHom;awGt=um;rSm a&a&&m&m &Sif;jywm awG/ aqG;aEG;wm
olwdk@ nDvmcHvkyf? olwdk@[molwdk@ Oya'awGa&;/ +yD;awmhrS awG vkyfcJhzdk@vdkygw,f/ aumif;wJhtcsufawG raumif;wJh tcsuf
vlawGudk ZGwftwif; rJxnfhckdif;cJhwm r[kwfvm;? rJxnhfawmh awGukd axmufjy cGihf ay;cJzh @kd vykd gw,f? bmqdb k mrS vlawGukd odciG /hf
vnf; rJnpfywf wmawG trsm;}uD;/ wkid ;f jynfrmS jzpfcw hJ mvnf; =um;cGi/hf aqG;aEG;cGihf ray;cJb h J tckusrS Ekid if o H m; wkid ;f rJxnfo h ifh
vlwkdif;odaeygw,f? w,fvdk@ ajymaewm t¶kyfqdk;vGef;w,fvdk@ usaemfuawmh jrifyg
tckvnf; a&G;aumufyGJudk rJxnfhzdk@ EkdifiHom;wkdif;rSm w,f?
wm0ef & d S w ,f bmnmqd k + yD ; vk y f v mjyef y gw,f ? usKyf w d k @ rS m 1990 ckEpS f a&G;aumufyw JG ek ;f u usaemfw@dk rJawGxnfch hJ
bmwm0ef&v Sd @kd wek ;f vd@k jyefar;vdyk gw,f? tpuwnf;u olw@kd vyk f ygw,f? ydrk akd umif;rGew f hJ Ekid if aH &;pepf t ajymif;tvJukd vdck si=f u
csifovdk vkyfxm;w,f? vlawGudkvnf; bmrStodray;? vlawG vdk@yg? a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;wmeJ@ [kef;ueJ pD;yGm;a&;aumif;vmzdk@
qDu oabmxm; awmif;cHwmvnf; r&dS? vltrsm;=um;rSm arSsmjf rif+yD; rJukd xnfch =hJ uwmr[kwyf g? od@k aomf tESpf (20) om
tus,fw0ifh &Sif;vif;jyqdkcJhwmvnf;r&dS/ vkyfcsifovdkvkyfcJh+yD;rS =umcJhw,f? EkdifiHom;awGay;cJhwJh rJawG[m trd_ufawmif;xJ
tckusawmh rJxnfhzdk@ wm0ef&dSw,f qdk+yD;ajymwm enf;vrf; txnfhcHvkduf&ovdkygyJ? bmrS jzpfrvmcJhygbl;? EkdifiHom; vlxk
usyghrvm;? tJwmudkvnf; ppftkyfpkeJ@ eD;pyfwJh EkdifiHa&;ygwDawG/ awG&ŒJ qENxuf aoewfajymif;0uom tqH;k tjzwfay;wJh ay:v
ppftyk pf ek @J r eD;pyfayr,fh a&G;aumufy0JG ifvo kd l Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;u pDudk ukdifxm;cJhwmudk;? tckvnf; vmjyef+yD aemufwcg? a&G;
ajymvmjyefygw,f? aumufyt JG opfw?hJ t&ifwcguvnf; tvdrcf x H m;&+yD;+yD? bmjzpf
wcg a&G;aumufyJG r0ifb;l qd&k if Ekid if aH &;tcGit hf vrf;wck vdk@ rJxnfh&rSmwkef;/ aemufwcg xyfvdrfr,fqdkwm}uD;udk odae
udk vufvw $ v f u dk o f vdk jzpfomG ;r,fq+kd yD; ajymaewJh ynm&Sit f yk f wJOh pPmyJ? Ekid if aH &;enf;AsL[mwd@k bmwd@k ajym+yD; vlawGukd rJxnfh
pkqo kd rl sm;vnf; &dyS gao;w,f? jrefrmEkid if rH mS tcktwnfjyKxm;wJh ckid ;f wJh olawGukd b,fv, kd =kH unf&rSmvJ? +yD;awmh tJonfv h al wG[m
zG@J pnf;yH[ k m tar&duefz@JG pnf;yHek @J eifvm;igvm; aumif;rGew f ,fv@kd b,fOu aygufwmawGrSef;vJrod? olwdk@[m EkdifiHom;vlxk
a[majymwJh ynm&Siq f okd rl sm;vnf; awG@&yg ao;w,f? tar&duef awGbufuvm; (odk@) ppfwyf&JŒ aysmfawmfqufawGvm;qdkwm
awG=um;&if wufawmifaoOD;r,f? wu,fvdk@ jrefrmEkdifiH&JŒ ud, k af wGrS rodwm?
zGJ@pnf;yHktopf [m tar&duefzGJ@pnf;yHkvdk xyfwleD;yg; aumif;yg aemufwcku jrefrmEkdifiH[m qif;&JwGif;eufaewm ESpf
w,fqdk&if aumif;wJhta=umif;udk bDbDpDwDADGwdk@/ pD teftefwdk@/ aygif;rsm;yg+yD? qif;&JwJh tusKd;quftjzpf i,fi,f&G,f&G,feJ@
t,f*smZD;&m;wDAw GD @kd rmS ur{mod ajym&Jovm; (od@k ) tjrifrwl ausmif ; xG u f & wJ h vl O D ; a&u rsm;oxuf rsm;vmaeygw,f ?
olrsm;eJ@ 'Dbdwfvkyf&Jovm;/ aqG;aEG;&Jovm;vdk@ ar;csifygao; ynmwwf a wG enf ; enf ; vmaeygw,f ? vd k t yf w J h t wk d i f ;
w,f? twmwcktxd ynmoif=um;Ekdifjcif;r&dSwJh vl@tzGJ@tpnf;wck
'gwifruao;ygbl;/ jrefrmynm&Sifrsm;u 'Da&G;aumuf twG i f ; rS m tod y nmA[k o k w ol r sm;xuf aemuf u savh & d S
yGJudk enf;emwcktaeeJ@/ enf;AsL[mwcktae eJ@ tusKd;&dSpGm ygw,f? tJawmhum olrsm;xuf todynm A[kow k aemufus
toHk;cszdk@qdkwmvnf; ajymygao;w,f? pdwf&Snf&r,f/ onf;cH& aewJh ud, k &hf ŒJ Ekid if o
H m;awGukd vdt k yfwhJ ynmay;r_awG/ today;r_
r,f? tcsdefaumif;udk apmifh&r,fvdk@vnf; xyfaqmif;qdkygao; awG tp&d S w mawG ud k a wmh rvk y f c J h b J e J @ a&G ; aumuf y G J a wmh
w,f? 'g[m wu,fpdwfapwem trSefeJ@ ajymwmvm; (odk@) a&mufvm+yD/ udik ;f udik ;f rJomG ;xnf=h uvd@k ajym¶Hek @J awmh 'Dru kd a&
ud, k jf zpfapvdw k hJ vrf;a=umif;udk csay;jcifwmvm; qdw k muawmh pmrsufEmS (11)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif atmufwb
dk mv 2010
pDukd wnfaqmufz@kd &vdrrhf ,fv@kd rxifyg? t&yfpum;eJ@ ajym&&if udpPrsm;rSmawmh yGifhvif;r_eJ@ oGm;rSom tem*wftwGuf &v'f
bmrSrodwo hJ al wGukd ESycf s w,fv@kd usaemfuawmh pGypf yJG gw,f? aumif;&rSmvnf; jzpfygw,f? taumif;tqdk; cGJjcm;odjrifatmif
EkdifiHom;awGtm;vHk;eJ@oufqkdifwJh EdkifiHhta&;t&m udpP tultnDawmh ray;cJb h eJ @J tckrS wufygO;D / qkwyf gO;D / auG@vu
dk f
awG[m ajzmifhajzmifhwef;wef;eJ@ ¶dk;¶dk;om;om; vkyf&wJh udpPawG ygOD ; qd k + yD ; vk d i f ; jcay;aewJ h o l r sm;ud k usaemf u awmh r,H k y g?
jzpfygw,f? enf;emt& enf;AsL[mt& [dv k v kd yk yf g/ 'Dvv
kd yk f ygv@kd r,Hk&wJhol awG rsm;aevdk@ 'Da&G;aumufyGJudk usaemfomqdk&if
ajymoifhwmrsKd; r[kwfygbl;? oHwrefa&;/ ppfa&;/ pD;yGm;a&; ²²² rJray;zl;vdk@ ajymwmjzpfygw,f? EkdifiHom;wkdif;[m udk,fhtcGifh
tp&dSwJh udpPawGrSmawmh enf;emwdk@ AsL[mwdk@a=umifh tqkwf/ ta&;udk udk,ftoHk;cscGifh &dSygw,f? 'gomvSsif 'Drdkua&pD&JŒ
twuf/ tauG@/ tywfawG &dyS gw,f? od@k aomfvnf; Ekid if o H m;awG tpdwt f ykid ;f rsm;xJu wckjzpfyg w,f? ?
}udKufciG hf r}udKufciG /hf o abmwlciG hf rwlciG ahf wG yg&aSd ewJh Ekid if aH &; aZmf r if ;
ud,
k v
f m&if }udKrSmvm;vdk ²h ² twnf
a[haumif ref,l? rif;owif;xl; od+yD;+yDvm;? udkausmf odk hqdkvSsif atmifeuf/ *kwfusm;/ bdkjzL[k trnfay;u oifhwifh
nGefh ref,lvufbuf&nfqdkifxJ0ifvmvmcsif; ar;vdkufonf? avSsmufywfEdkfif.?
bmvJ? EdkifiHa&;ygwDawG zsufwmvm;? ref,l pm;yJGxdk;av;udk *kwfusm;u bkdjzLukd cyfpdrf;pdrf;=unhfI rif;u b,fu
vufnSKd;axmifjy&if; ajzvdkufonf? &Spf/ rif;av;pm;wJhuAsm vmwmvJ [kar;vdkufonf? bdkjzLu ig xdkif;EdkifiHuvmwm
q&mudak jrv$mav acG;udu k v f kd ?h Asm b,fu acG;vJ? xHak xmif; rif;u bmvkycf siv f @kd vvJ kd h jyefar;.? rif;Edik if rH mS tpma&pm r&Sv d @kd
ta&S jh crf;uacG;? ta&S jh crf;uvlawGajymwmu ta&S u h acG;awGu iwfvkd ah jy; vmwmaygh [kwv f m;[k atmifeufu ar;jyef onf?
,Ofygw,fwJh? udkajrv$mvnf; aomuf+yD;&if rsufESmeDwmyJ? [m; [m; aygraS yg? uGww f , D /kd =uufuif 0ufuif bJuif/ vkcsi;f
,Ofaus;ygw,f? bmqdik v f ?J ta&S u h vlawGu teDawGq?kd awmf pm;vdk@aumif rukefbl;? 'gjzifh rif;bmvdk hajy;vmwmvJvdk@ *kwf
prf;uGm ref,l? rawmfEdkifao;bl;ukdausmfnGefh/ apmapmu EdkifiH usm;u ra=urvnf ar;aomtcg? at; rif;ar;csifp&myJ?
a&;ygwaD wG zsuw f o
hJ wif;aemufqufwaGJ yg?h [D[?d bmjzpfwmvJ? ighEdkifiHrSm tpm;taomufaygw,f? 'gayrJhppfwyfu c% c%
0rf;omaewm? bm0rf;omaewmvJ? rJaqmufu wyfaygif;pk tm%modr;f wmawGjzpfawmh ausmif;om;awGeJ h ppfwyfeJ yh pfvu kd ?f
awGeJh ausmif;om; vli,ftzJG@tpnf;awG e,fpyfawGrSm }uKdqdk t&yf o m;awG e J @ ppf w yf e J @ ypf v d k u f ? qEN a wG j yvd k u f ? ypf w m
a&;*dwf awG zGix hf m;r,fw?hJ bmqdik v f @kd v?J [m udak usmnf eG f u
h vJ? cwfwmawG rsm;vGe;f vdk ih gu h kd rxdatmif ajy;vm&wmvdk jh yefajz
xljyef+yD? ajy;vmrJh vlawGudk tar&duefta&muf b,favmuf/ wJhtcg *kwfusm; acgif;udk acGcsvdkuf+yD; pOf;pm;&kyfvHk;azmf=unhf
rJaqmufae b,favmuf/ uef 0h if&if b,favmuf aps;ESKef;awGyg aerdonf?
uyfxm; owJh? [kwfvdk hvm;uGm rif;vm usyfraeeJ h/ aeAsm/ bdjk zLuvnf; aeprf;ygtek ;f rif;u igu h akd r;+yD; rif;ua&m
cifAsm;r,Hk&if/ udkausmfnGef hidkifusoGmonf? tif;jzpfEdkifw,f[k b,fuajy;vmwmvJ? iwfvkd v h m;? aoewfa=umufvkd v h m;? ig
vnf; pdwfxJu rSwfxm;vdkufonf? jrefrmjynfuyJ? pdefac:wmvm;? oGm;oGm;csif; acG;acG;csif; tcsdef
uAsmq&macG;udkufw,fqdkvdk hacG;Zmwfvrf; rif;udk ra&G;yJ? vlru kd t
f xmESihf jyefa[mufvu kd o f jzifh bdjk zLavajyxd;k +yD;
igajymjyr,f? em;axmifrvm;? bD,m wvHk;wdkuf&if em;axmif r[kwfygbl;oli,fcsif;&,f? wdk hu tdrfem; eD;csif;awGyJ? bmvdk h
r,f? udkausmfnGef@ pm;yJGxdk;av;udk vuf 2acsmif;axmifjyvdkuf ajy;vmwmvJ ar;rvdk yh g ulnzD kd v h &kd ifvnf;ajym [kwv f m;? bdjk zL
onf? bD,m 2 vH;k qdw k ohJ abm/ 'Dvu kd G ref,&l / igzwfz;l wmav;/ rsuEf mS csKd aoG;aewm=unhI f atmifeuf wzufapmif;vdu k o f nf?
tcgwyg;Y xdktcgwyg;qdkonfrSm vuf0J vuf,m t,l0g' 2 *kwfusm; rajzcsifhajzcsif ajzonf?
ck tm;+yKdifppfcif;aecsdefudk qdkvdkjcif; jzpfwef&monf? at; wdk@qDrSmawmh tm%modrf;wmawG/ ypfwmcwf
xdtk cgwyg;Y acG;oH;k aumifonf xdik ;f jrefrm vmtdek ,f wmawG/ ta&;tcif;awG jywfw,f udkr&Sdbl;? ae@wdkif; qENjy
pyfwiG f vma&mufqrkH =d u.? ,ckacwf umvYrl xdk 3 Edik if H e,fpyf wmawG ypfwmcwfwm zrf;wmowfwmawG tjrJyaJ ygu h mG ? 'D=um;
tm; a&$=wd*H[k bdef;bk&if {u&mZfcGefqmu uifyGef;wyfoGm; xJ pm;p&m r&Sb d ;l uGm? iwfwmayg?h wae t h rd &f iS af omufrx hJ rif;
cJhonf[k rSwfom;em,l=uaom taemufwdkif;om; bdef;pm; &nfukd igc;kd aomufwm rdomG ;vdk "h m;eJ v h u kd f ckww f ,f? igvnf;
rsm;u *k%, f al jym=um;avh&. dS ? ckvdk aoab;uvGwfatmif ajy;vmcJh&wmyJvdk ha=ua=uuGJuJG
,if;acG; 3 aumifrmS b,fqD b,ft&yfrsm;u ajy;v$m; ajymjyawmh rvSrf; rurf;u em;pGifhaeaom atmifeufonf
a&muf&Sdvm=urSef; rod&aomfjim; tawmfyif arm[dkufyifyef; vnfuckd g&rf;I xxdik v f ukd o f nf? em;&Guu f kd nmvufjzifh ukwjf cpf
qmavmifaeyHak yguaf eonf? t&dyaf umif;aom opfwyifatmuf vdkufonf?
Y tarmtyef;ajz&if;rS waumifukd waumif tuJcwfvsu&f dS *kwfusm;ESifh bdkjzLwdk hu atmifeufudk vSrf;=unhfvdkuf
onf? acG;oHak umif. xl;jcm;uJjG ym;csuf rSm waumifum; teuf? aomtcg wawmvH k ; yG u f y G u f q l o G m ;atmif w0k w f 0 k w f E S i f h
waumifum;teD tndKusm;? waumifum; tjzLjzpfacsonf? a[mifaeavawmhonf? atmifeufEiS hf bdjk zLwdk h wa,mufrsuEf mS
pmrsufEmS (12)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif atmufwb
dk mv 2010
wa,muf =unfhI rif;ar; igar;vkyfae=uonf? bdkjzLu a[h vdkufonf? 'gjzifh rif;wdk hqDrSm tm%m odrf;wmawG bmawG
aumif rif; b,fuaumifvJ? r&Sb
d ;l vm;? *kwu f sm; x ar;vdu k o f nf? bmrS r&Sbd ;l ? qENjy&if
atmifeuf *&krjyK[efjzifh igw&kwfjynfuyJ? bmodcsif vnf; wifu h m;eJ h }udwvf u
kd &f if +yD;oGm;a&m? ypf&ifcwf&ifvnf;
ao;vJ vdk hbdkjzLukd jyefar;awmh? b,fvdk vkyf+yD; rif;u 'De,f &w,f? b,forl S armfr=unh&f bl;? 'Davmufaumif;wJh wkid ;f jynf
pyfa&mufvmwmvJ/ ta0;}uD;uGmvdk hjyefajymawmh? wurBmvHk; uae rif;rdk xh u
G af jy;vmw,fumG ? tHyh g?h atmifeuf r,H=k unfovdk
b,favmuf a0;a0; wdk w h &kwaf wGu a&mufatmif oGm;Edik w f m ajymvdu k o
f nf? bdjk zLu 'gq&kd if rif;bmta=umif;eJ ah jy;vmwm
rif;r=um;zl;bl;vm;vdk hjyefa[mufonf? rif;wdk@ EdkifiHrSm vlOD;a& vJ? at; rif;wdk h em;vnfatmif igwdkwdkyJajymr,f? wdk hEdkifiHrSm
rsm;awmh tpma&pmawG &Sm;awmh iwfawmh ajy;vmwmaygh ra[mif&bl;? atmifeuf ajz+yD; wawmvH;k nHatmif w0kw0f w k f
[kwfvm;vdk har;jyefawmh w0g;0g; w[m;[m;jzifh atmifeuf a[mifaejyefawmhonf?
waumif atmf } uD ; [pf u s,f &,f a e+yD ; tus,f a vmif q H k ; rif;om;}uD; vufbuf&nfqdkifa&S hrS acG;waumifonf
toHeuf}uD;jzifh w0kwf0kwf a[mifjyefavawmhonf? atmif jzwfarmif;oGm;onfh qdkifu,fwpD;udk trJvdkufovdk vdkufI
rav; 0uftal csmif;rsm; rif;vnfyif; ywfowfvkd &h w,f? aygo w0kwf0kwf a[mifaeonfudk=unhfI w&kwfjynfu acG;vm; [k
vm;rar;eJ /h acguqf /GJ aygupf /D tD=umauG;/ rif;bmqJcG sif vnf; ref,l pOf;pm;aeyHkudk=unhfI udkausmfnGef hauseyfaeavonf?
ajym/ iwfaowJrh omr&Sb d ;l vdk ah tmifeufu cyf=uGm;=uGm; jyefajz ausmf o uf a xG ;
arar
ararh orD; qkawmif;awG jynfh0yg+yD/ orD; ararhudk &Guaf y;aewJh tzG@J tpnf;awGvnf; trsm;}uD;&So d vdk use;f rma&;/
aus;Zl; awG qyfcsiv f eG ;f vd@k vkyaf us;G csivf eG ;f vd@k arar yifyef;qif; ynma&;/ ema&;utp ulnaD qmif&u G af y;aewJh toif;tzG@J awG
&JpGm &Hk;uefv_yf&Sm;ae&wmudk 0dkif;0ef;ulnDcsifvGe;fvdk@ aemuf+yD; vnf; &Sdae=uw,f? orD;awmif uGefysLwmoifwef; oGm;oGm;
}uD;apmjr&JŒ vpOfo;kH pum;jzpfwhJ reufzeftrd v f c ay;p&mr&Sb d ;l wufaew,f? 'ga=umifh orD;twGuf bmrS ryleJ@vdk@ tarhudk
qdk&if txkyfjyifxm;=uqdkwJh a0g[m&awGa=umifh orD;udk,fwkdif ajymwmayg?h tar ud, k uhf se;f rma&;udk *&kpu kd yf gaemf? rSmp&m&S&d if
rrpkwdk@ nDrxHudk oGm;+yD; orD;udk xkdif;ekdifiHudkac:oGm;+yD; tvkyf vnf? tckaiGeJ@ pmvmydk@wJh tefwDeJ@ jyefrSmvkdufyg? 'gyJaemf
wckck &Smay;yg&ef awmif;awmif;yefyefajymawmhrS rrpkwdk@u tarcspfwJh orD;rdk;i,f? Tpma&;+yD;/ wpfvt=umrSm u,f&D
ac:oGm;wmygtar orD;tJ'Dvdk qHk;jzwfwm[m tarhpum;udk tefwDu rkd;i,fxHodk@ aiGeJ@pmudk jyefvmay;&if; “orD;av; rdk;
em;raxmifv@kd tarhukd rcspv f @kd r[kw/f tar aemuftrd f axmifjyK orD;ay;vdu k wf hJ vdypf mtwdik ;f tefwo D mG ;ar;awmh orD; rJaqmuf
oGm;ayr,fh orD;wdk@ armifESr xrif;eyfrSefatmif aps;awmif; wufomG ;wJh vrSmyJ orD;&JŒ tar rsK;d rr[m 'Dtrd u f ajymif;oGm;
acgif;ay:wif+yD; wvrf;0ifwpfvrf;xGuf ae0ifrkd;csKyfonfhxd w,fvdk@ ajym=uw,f? b,fudk ajymif;oGm;w,fqdkwm udkawmh
&SmazGausG;arG;cJhwJh tarhudk orD;vkyfausG;csifvGef;vdk@yg? orD;&JŒ b,folrS rod=ubl;uGJ@ pkpkwdk@tdrfudk ypPnf; oGm;ydk@awmh vnf;
apwemrSefrnfxifygw,f? rJaqmufa&mufawmhvnf; puf&Hk tefwaD r;ao;w,f? pkpw k @kd tarvJ rodb;l wJ?h 'gayr,fh tdr&f iS f
olaX;u orD;touf i,fao;w,fqdk+yD; tvkyfrcef@bl;vdk@ jiif; tbGm;}uD; ajymwmuawmh rsK;d rr[m olaqGrsK;d awGqu D kd jyefrmS
ao;w,f rrpkw@kd aum vdik ;f q&mrawGuyg 0dik ;f +yD; tmrcHawmhrS awmh r[kwb f ;l ? olorD;&Sw d hJ rJaqmufuykd J vku d of mG ;zd@k tiftm;
orD;udk vuQHvkdufwm tckqdk&if orD; odk;arG;xkdifpufaum rsm;w,fw?hJ ” orD;aewJah e&mudk wdw=d u=urodyJ arar b,fvkd
armfwmcsKyfyg usGrf;usifpGm wwfajrmufvdk@ wpfvudk oHk;axmif vku d v
f mvd@k wwfrmS vnf;? araraps;a&mif;wJh &yfuu G vf kd oGm;csif
avmuf &ae+yD tar? 'ga=umifh orD;pkxm;wJh aiG ESpo f ed ;f udk u,f &mvku d o
f mG ;aevd@k &wmrsK;d rS r[kww f m ararb,fukd a&mufae
&De@J yd@k ay;vku
d w
f ,f? aemufvawGq&kd if wpfvudk ajcmufaomif; +yDvJ ararhukd orD; b,frmS vku d &f mS &rSmvJ? orD; r,f awmifridk rf mS
avmuf yHkrSefydk@ay;r,f? armifav;udkvJ ausmif;rSefrSefwufckdif; &Sdaew,f? 'Dpmudk zwfrdvdk@ ararod&if tvkyform; uGef,uf
ararvJ use;f rma&;udk *&kpu kd af emf orD;twGuaf wmh bmrSrylyge@J toif;tzG@J ukd tjrefqufo, G yf g ararh&ŒJ cspo f rD; rk;d i,fæ? ?
tar? rrpkw@kd u olprd ;f qdak yr,fh ud, k ahf qGrsK;d awGe@J yd+k yD; arwWm
(uH
uHomOD;- ,mawmajr)
w&m;jynfh0=uw,f? aemufwpfcku rJaqmufrSm a&mufaewJh
a&$ajymif;tvkyo f rm;awG&ŒJ jy\emtcuftcJawGukd ulnaD qmif ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
oif= olwkd u
h kd rarhygeJ h
EGm;tzGJ@ (etz)&J@ aetdrftus,fcsKyfb0udk cH,lae&wJh vlxkacgif;aqmif-a':atmifqef;pk=unf&,f/ wdkif;&if;
om;acgif;aqmif cGefxGef;OD;/ 88-rsKd;qufausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkrif;udkedkifwdk@ tygt0if rdrdwdk@ wdkif;jynfeJ@ vlrsKd;twGuf
tusOf;axmiftoD;oD;rSm pGef@v$wf pGef@pm; tepfemcHae=uol pkpkaygif; (2183) OD; &Sdygw,f? olwdk@ axmifxJrSm ae&wm[m
jrefrmEdik if rH mS vlxv
k w
$ v
f yfciG (hf 0g) 'Dru
dk a&pD&&Szd @kd twGuf wm0eft& aeae=uwmjzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh oif- olw@kd ukd wzufwvrf;u
ulnaD y;ygaemf? oif-olw@kd ukd rarhyge@J æ? (AAPP . rSww f rf;t& od&onf?) jrefrmjynfom;
pmrsuf E S m (13)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif atmufwb
dk mv 2010
a&$wq
H y
d &
f wJh wdk jh refrm
tcgwyg;Y xd k t cgwyg;qd k o nf r S m vuf 0 J vuf , m awmhr&Sdbl;? 'gayr,fh wdk hwdkif;jynfu qif;&JvGef;awmh pm;p&m
t,l0g' 2 ck tm;+yKdipf pfcif;aecsed u f kd qdvk jkd cif; jzpfwef&monf? r&Sdbl;uGm? iwfwmaygh? wae htdrf&Sif aomufrJh xrif;&nfudk
igcdk;aomufwm rdoGm;vdk h"m;eJ hvdkufckwf w,f? igvnf; ckvdk
xd k t cgwyg;Y acG ; oH k ; aumif o nf xd k i f ; jref r m aoab;uvG w f a tmif ajy;vmcJ h & wmyJ ” vd k h a=ua=uuG J u J G
vmtdek ,fpyfwiG f vma&mufqrkH =d u.? ,ckacwf umvYrl xdk 3 ajymjyawmh rvSrf;rurf;u em;pGifhaeaom atmif eufonf
Edik if H e,fpyftm; a&$=wd*[ H k bde;f bk&if {u&mZfceG q f mu uifyeG ;f vnf u d k c g&rf ; I xxd k i f v d k u f o nf ? em;&G u f u d k nmvuf j zif h
wyfoGm;cJhonf[k rSwfom;em,l=uaom taemufwdkif;om; ukwfjcpfvdkuf.? *kwfusm;ESifh bdkjzLwdk@u atmifeufudk vSrf;
bdef;pm;rsm;u *k%f,lajym=um;avh&Sd.? ,if;acG; 3 aumifrSm =unhfvdkuf aomtcg wawmvHk; yGufyGufqloGm;atmif w0kwf
b,fqD b,ft&yfrsm;u ajy;v$m;a&muf&Sdvm=urSef; rod& 0kwEf iS hf a[mifaeavawmhonf? atmifeufEiS hf bdjk zLwdk h wa,muf
aomfjim; tawmfyif arm[dkufyifyef; qmavmifaeyHk ayguf rsuEf mS wa,muf =unfI h rif;ar; igar;vkyaf e=uonf? bdjk zLu
aeonf? t&dyfaumif;aom opfwyifatmufY tarmtyef; “a[h aumif rif; b,fu aumifv”J ?
ajz&if;rS waumifudk waumif tuJcwfvsuf&Sdonf? acG;oHk;
aumif. xl;jcm;uJGjym;csufrSm waumifum; teuf? waumif atmifeuf *&krjyK[efjzifh “igjrefrmjynfuyJ? bmodcsif
um;teD tndKusm;? waumifum; tjzLjzpfacsonf? od@k qkd vSsif ao;vJ” vdk b h jkd zLukd jyefar;awmh? “b,fvv kd yk +f yD; rif;u 'De,fpyf
atmifeuf/ *kwfusm;/ bdkjzL[k trnfay;u oifhwifhavSsmuf a&mufvmwmvJ/ rif;wdk Eh ikd if u H acwfrzD HG +h zKd;wd;k wufwhJ Edik if aH wmf
ywfEdkfif.? opf}uD; r[kwv f m;? bmvdk ah jy;vmwmvnf;”vdk jh yefajymawmh?
“wurBmvH;k rSm&Sw d hJ wwd,Edik if aH wG b,favmufa0;a0; wdk Ah rm
*kwfusm;u bkdjzLukd cyfpdrf;pdrf;=unhfI “rif;u b,fu awGu a&mufatmifoGm;Edkifwm rif;r=um;zl;bl;vm;”vdk@jyef
vmwmvJ” [kar;vdu k of nf? bdjk zLu “ig xdik ;f Edik if u H vmwm/ a[mufonf? rif;wdk@ EdkifiHrSm tm%modrf;wmawG/ ypfwmcwf
rif;u bmvkycf siv f kd vh ”J vdk h jyefar;.? “rif;Edik if rH mS tpma&pm wmawG/ ta&;tcif;awGawmh&Sdw,faemf? atmf vlawGuvnf;
r&Sv d @kd iwfv@kd ajy;vmwmaygh [kwv f m;”[k atmifeufu ar;jyef pD;yGm;a&;usyfwnf;/ obm0ab;'%fawGcH&/ tpma&pmawG
onf? “[m; [m; aygraS yg? uGww f , D /kd =uufuif 0ufuif/ bJuif/ &Sm;awmh iwfawmh ajy;vmwmaygh [kwfvm;vdk h ar;jyefawmh
vkcsif; pm;vdk haumif rukefbl;” “'gjzifh rif;bmvdk hajy;vmwm w0g;0g; w[m;[m;jzifh atmifeufwaumif atmf}uD; [pfus,f
vJ”vdk@*kwfusm;u ra=urvnf ar;aomtcg? “at; rif;ar; &,f a e+yD ; tus,f a vmif q H k ; toH e uf } uD ; jzif h w0k w f 0 k w f
csifp&myJ? ighEdkifiHrSm tpm;taomufaygw,f? 'gayrJh ppfwyfu a[mifjyefavawmhonf? “atmifrav; 0uf =uuf ig; a&csKad &iH
c% c% tm%mod r f ; wmawG j zpf a wmh ausmif ; om;awG e J h ykpeG af wGrsm; rif;udzk @kd owfvkd &h w,f? tcGev f w G af ps;rSm oGm;=unh/f
ppfwyfeJ yh pfvu kd ?f t&yfom; awGeJ h ppfwyfeJ h ypfvu kd ?f tpd;k &udk aygovm;rar;eJ /h rkef [ h if;cg;/ xrif;a=umf/ acguq f GJ a=umf/ rif;bm
qENawGjyvdkuf/ teDt0g a&mifpHk vSKyf&Sm;rSKawGuvnf;rsm;? qJGcsifvnf;ajym/ iwf aowJhromr&Sdbl;/ r,Hk&if aejynfawmf
ypfwmcwfwmawG rsm;vGe;f vdk ih gu h kd rxdatmif ajy;vm&wm”vdk rSmoGm;=unhfh” vdk hatmifeufu cyf=uGm;=uGm; jyefajzvdkufonf?
hjyefajzwJhtcg *kwfusm; acgif;udk acGcsvdkuf+yD; pOf;pm;&kyfvHk; azmf “'gjzifh rif;wdk hqDrSm tm%modrf;wmawG bmawG r&Sdbl;vm;?
=unhfaerdonf? *kwfusm; x ar;vdkufonf? tm%modrf;wmyJ&Sdw,f? tm%m
bdjk zLuvnf; “aeprf;ygtek ;f rif;u igu h akd r;+yD; rif;ua&m v$w J mwd@k / v$waf wmfac:wmwdk b h mrSr&Sbd ;l ? qENjy&ifvnf; *so D &D;
b,fuajy;vmwmvJ? iwfvdk hvm;? aoewfa=umufvdk hvm;”? eJ h aqmfxnfv h u kd wf myJ? arwWykd &h ifvnf; acgi;f ud&k u kd cf v
GJ kd &h w,f?
“ig vmtdk uyJ? pdefac:wmvm;? a*G;a*G;csif;/ acG;acG;csif; tcsdef ypf o wf c sif f & if v nf ; &w,f ? b,f o l r S armf r =unh f & bl ; ”
ra&G;yJ”? vlru kd t f xmESihf jyefa[mufvu f jzifh bdjk zLavajyxd;k +yD; “'Davmufaumif;wJh wkid ;f jynfuae rif;rdk x
kd o h u G af jy;vmw,fumG ?
“r[kwyf gb;l oli,fcsi;f &,f? wdk u h tdref m; eD;csi;f awGy?J bmvdk h tHyh g”h atmifeuf r,H=k unfovdk ajymvdu k o f nf? bdjk zLu “‘gq&kd if
ajy;vmwmvJ ar;rvdk@yg? ulnDzdk@vdk&ifvnf;ajym [kwfvm;”? rif;bmta=umif;eJ ah jy;vmwmvJ” “at; rif;wdk h em;vnfatmif
bdjk zL rsuEf mS csKd aoG;aewm=unhI f atmifeuf wzufapmif; vdu k f igww kd ykd aJ jymr,f? wdk h Edik if rH mS acG;qdak yrJh ra[mif&bl;? rtl&bl;
onf? *kwfusm; rajzcsifhajzcsif ajz.? “at; wdk@qDrSmawmh uG?” atmifeuf ajz+yD; wawmvH;k nHatmif w0kw0f w k f a[mifae
tm%mod r f ; wmawG / ypf w mcwf wmawG / ta&;tcif ; awG jyefawmhonf? ausmof ufaxG;
jrefrmtvkyo
f rm;rsm;udk tcGeo
f pfaumuf
(1 atmufwdkbmv 2010 bDbDpD) xdkif;ekdkifiHrSm ekdifiHul;vufrSwfeJ@ w&m;0iftvkyfvkyfaewJh jrefrmtvkyform;awGudk
ae&yf&if; jyefy@kd a&; &efyakH iG aumufczH @kd tvkyo
f rm;0ef}uD;Xme Oya'xkwjf yefvu dk yf gw,f? ae&yfjyefy@kd a&;&efyakH iGukd tvkyof rm;awGqD
u wpfvudk bwf 400 E_e;f eJ@ 6 vaumufrmS jzpfygw,f? vmr,fh ESpq f ef;ydik ;f rSm pwifaumufrmS jzpfw,fv@kd tvkyo f rm;0ef}uD;Xme
n$e=f um;a&;rSL; xepf EkrEf KdG ifuh ajymygw,f? 'DaiG bwf 2400 udk xkid ;f ekid if rH mS tvkyrf vkyb f J ae&yfjyefwt hJ cg e,fpyfrmS jyefxw k af y;rSm
jzpfw,f? wu,fv@kd jynf0ifciG Ahf ZD m oufwrf;uke+f yD;aemuf xkid ;f ekid if rH mS cd;k aer,f/ 'grrS [kwf &mZ0wfru _ sK;vGerf ,fq&kd ifawmh 'DaiGukd
tpd;k &u odr;f vku d rf mS jzpfw,fv@kd ajymoGm;wmjzpfygw,f? tcktpDtpOf[m vpmenf;wJh tvkyo f rm;awGtwGuaf wmh 0efxw k 0f efy;kd
jzpfekdifw,fvdk@ jrefrmtvkyform;awGu ajymygw,f? tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xmeu tckvdk &HyHkaiGaumufcHrSmudk xkdif;a&S@aersm;aumifpD
uvnf; oabmrwlb;l vd@k ajymygw,f?
jrefrm ppf&mZ0wfrr
+ sm;udk pHp
k rf;&ef yDn&
J ;kd ESihf ,du
k w
kd m awmif;qdk
(6 atmuf w d k b m 2010 0ef}uD;Xmersm;/ t+rJwrf; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh urBm@ukvor*~
{&m0wD) jrefrm ppftpd;k &. tzG@J }uD;xHo@kd ay;yd@k co hJ nf? ppftpd;k &. vl@tcGit hf a&;csKd ; azmufr_
ppf&mZ0wf r_rsm;/ vlom; rsm;jzpfaom twif;t"rR vkyt f m;ay; cdik ;f apjcif;/ trsKd ;orD;rsm;
rsdK;EG,ftay: usL;vGefonfh tm; vdifydkif;qdkif&m apmfum;jcif;udk ppfvufeuf wckozG,f
&mZ0wf r_rsm;ESihf ywfouf toH;k jyKjcif;/ uav;ppfom;rsm; toH;k jyKjcif;/ bmom a&; qdik &f m
I pHkprf;ppfaq;a&; aumf apmfum;jcif;/ vlrsKd ;ysuo f Ok ;f onf txd owfjzwfjcif; ponfh udpP
r&Sif ( CoI)) zGJ@pnf;a&; axmufcHay;&ef Oa&myor*~ (EU)) udk rsm;ESifhywfoufI EdkifiHwum vl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@t pnf;rsm;jzpf
ukvor*~ vl@tcGifhta&;qdkif&m udk,fpm; vS,fa[mif; 2 OD;u aom Amnesty International (AI)/ Human Rights Watch (HRW)/
wdu k wf eG ;f vdu k o f nf? jrefrm Edik if q H ikd &f m vl@tcGit hf a&; ud, k pf m; International Federation of Human Rights (FIDH) ESihf Christian
vS,rf sm; tjzpf aqmif&u G f cJzh ;l onfh b&mZD;vf Edik if o H m; rpPwm Solidarity Worldwide (CSW) tygt0if wjcm;aom tzG@J tpnf;
ay:vdk qm*s, D kd yDn&J ;kd ESihf *syefEikd if o H m; rpPwm ,dZk kd ,du k wkd m rsm;wGif rSwfwrf;wifxm;jcif;/ tpD&ifcH xm;jcif;rsdK; rsm; &Sdonf
wd@k u EU tqifjh rifh ud, k pf m;vS,f rpP uufo&if; tuf&fS wef [kvnf; od&onf? 1996 ckESpfrSpwifum jrefrmEdkifiHt wGif;rS
xHo@kd pma&;+yD; wdu k w f eG ;f =ujcif;jzpfonf? rpPwm yDn&J ;kd u 2000 &Gmaygi;f 3500 cef@ zsuq f ;D cHc&hJ onf? tenf;qH;k vlaygi;f ig;ode;f
jynfEh pS rf S 2008 txd vnf;aumif; rpPwm ,du k w kd mu 1992 rS cef@rSm jynfwGif;&Sdawmawmifrsm;wGif ykef;atmif;I a&$Œajymif;
1996 ckESpfxd vnf;aumif; jrefrmEdkifiHqdkif&m vl@tcGifh ta&; aexdik =f u&olrsm; jzpfvm=u+yD; aomif;ESichf saD om vlxo k nf vnf;
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf toD;oD; aqmif&GufcJh=uonf? “jrefrm tdref ;D csi;f Edik if rH sm;od@k 'kuo Q nftjzpfEiS hf a&$Œajymif;aexdik cf &hJ onf?
jynfrmS ppftpd;k &&JŒ vl@tcGit hf a&; csKd ;azmufra_ wG awmf awmfrsm; rpPwm yDn&J ;kd ESihf rpPwm ,du k w
kd mwd@k u ppftpd;k & a&;qGx J m;aom
rsm; &Sad ew,f? jynfov l x l u k kd wdu k &f u kd f xdcu kd af ew,f qdak wmh zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'onf Edk0ifbmv 7 &ufae@wGif usif;yrnfh
jrefrmEdik if q H ikd &f m vl@tcGit hf a&; ud, k pf m;vS,af [mif; awGtaeeJ@ a&G;aumufyGJt+yD;wGif touf0ifvm rnfjzpf+yD; ppftpdk;&.
'Dupd [ P m Edik if w H um vl@tcGit hf a&; Oya'awG/ vlom;csi;f pmem csKd ;azmufrr_ sm;udk zH;k tkyaf y;jcif;/ ppfAv kd f wrwfom;udk v$waf wmf
r_qikd &f m Oya'awGukd csKd ;azmufaew,fqw kd m ajymqd&k rSmyJ” [k twG i f ; ae&may;jcif ; wd k @ jzpf v mrnf [ k ajymqd k = uonf ?
rpPwm yDn&J ;kd ESihf rpPwm ,du k w kd m wd@k u ajym onf? 4if;wd@k EpS Of ;D . “a':atmifqef;pk=unfe@J a&G;aumufyt JG wGuf rSwyf rkH wifcw hJ hJ NLD
EU od@k wdu k w f eG ;f xm;aom pmwGif “CoI zG@J pnf;&eftwGuf vuf&dS ygwu D zkd suo f rd ;f wmawG/ wdik ;f &if; om;ygwD wcsKd Œudk a&G;aumufyJG
vl@tcGit hf a&; ud, k pf m;vS,f wifjyxm; onfh twdik ;f jrefrmEdik if rH S 0ifcGifhrjyKwmawGu vmr,fha&G;aumuf yGJ[m ajymif;vJjcif;ukd
vl@tcGit hf a&; csKd ;azmufrr_ sm;onf wdik ;f jynf. ay:vpDw&yfuo hJ @kd ,laqmifay;Ekid zf @kd arSsmv f ifch suf t&rf;enf; aew,f? usaemfw@kd &ŒJ
jzpf a e+yD ; csd K ;azmuf r _ ouf a orsm;/ rS w f w rf ; rsm;onf v nf ; tjrifrSmawmh 'Da&G;aumufyGJu ppfwyftkyf csKyfr_udk oufwrf;
vdktyfonfxuf ydkaeao;onf” [k yg&Sd onf? “EU taejzifh &Snaf pr,f? vl@tcGit hf a&;csKd ;azmufra_ wG qufjzpfap OD;r,f” [k
vmrnfh ukvor*~ taxGaxGnv D mcHwiG f jrefrmEdik if t H wGuf CoI 4if;wd@k u ajymonf? US Campaign for Burma tzG@J rS OD;atmif
zGJ@pnf;&ef tqdkwifoGif; oifhonf? EdkifiHwum todkif;t0ef;u 'ifu EU onf ukvor*~ taxGaxG nDvmcHY jrefrmhrl=urf;
vnf; ppftpd;k &. vl@tcGit hf a&; csKd ;azmufrr_ sm;tay: qufvuf a&;qGJ&mwGif t"duusae+yD; pufwifbmv uwnf;u b,fvf
onf ; cH v d r f h r nf r[k w f qd k o nf h tcsuf y g pmv$ m ud k v nf ; *s, D EH ikd if H b&yfqv J +f rdKŒwGif pwifco hJ nf[k ajymonf? vuf&t dS csed f
ppftpdk;&xHodk@ ydk@oifhonf”[k wdkuf wGef;xm;onfh pmwGif yg&Sd txd ppftpdk;&ESifh ywfoufI CoI zGJ@pnf;&efaxmufcHonfh
onf? vl@tcGifhta&; udk,fpm;vS,f a[mif;rsm;. wdkufwGef;pm EkdifiHaygif; 13 EkdifiH&Sdae+yD jzpfaomfvnf; ,if;udpPESifh ywfoufI
rdwWLrsm;udk EU . OuUÏEdkifiHtjzpf vuf&Sdwm0ef ,lae&onfh EU u wpHw k &m wke@f jyefjcif; rjyKao;acs?
b,fvf*sD,HEdkifiHtpdk;&/ EU tzGJ@0ifEkdifiH rsm;. EdkifiHjcm;a&; ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
pmrsufEmS (22)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif atmufwb
dk mv 2010
pmrsufEmS (23)
jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif atmufwb
dk mv 2010