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tD;ar;vf utzojp@yahoo.co.jp
thaungmyintoo@yahoo.com
tutshwe@hotmail.com
drmmhk@yahoo.com

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rSm vufeufudik fwyfrawmfw&yf xlaxmifcJ=h uao;w,f? ausmif;om;awG bmvd@k vufeufuikd fvm=uwmvJ qkw d m
udvk nf; usaemfar;=unhxf m;ygao;w,f? udo k cH [
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awmfrsm;rsm;[m e0w ppfacgi;f aqmifawG&ŒJ zdESyd fru _ dk tjyif;txefcH&ygw,f? tJvt dk ajctaeatmufrmS usaemfwdk@
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jy\emawGudk ajz&Si;f Ekdizf kd@twGuf wkid ;f &if;om; e,fajrawGukd a&muf&dS&if; wkdi;f &if;om;e,fajrawGrSm usaemfwkd@
(ABSDF) ukdpwifzGJ@pnf;cJjh zpfygw,f? 'Dae&mrSm usaemfw@kd awG taeeJ@ Ekid if aH &;wku d yf aGJ wG ppfa&;wku d yf aGJ wG oHw
refa&;wdu k fyaGJ wGu jrefrmh'Dru
dk a&pD&&Sad &; v_yf&mS ;r_rmS tifrwefvkdtyfae+yDvk@d usaemfw@kd ,lq&if;eJ@ usaemfwdk@ +idr;f
+idr;f csr;f csr;f awG@qaHk qG;aEG;vdk@ r&Ekid fwt
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trsK;d om;'Dru
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 2006 Ed0k ifbm 15

awGudk aumif;aumif;rGerf Geef J@ awmif;qkv d dk@ r&awmhwt

Jh ajctaerSm usaemfw@kd vufeufuikd f Ekdiif aH &; vrf;pOfudk us
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v_y&f mS ;aewke;f ayg?h

jynfwGi;f rSmvnf;ausmif;om;v_y&f Sm;r_awG[m (1996)ck umvavmuftxd tqufrjywfay:aygucf J=h uyg

w,f? (1996)ckESpf rSm pufr_wuUov dk f ausmif;om;awGe@J &aJ wG apmfbmG ;}uD;uke;f ta0;ajy; um;*dwfxrJ mS &efjzpf=u
&mu pwifcJw h Jh v_yf&mS ;r_wckuawmh &efuek òf rd@ay:u wuUov dk faumvdyt f m;vH;k txd ysŒH ES@H omG ;cJhygw,f? tJ'D
ausmif;om;v_y&f Sm;r_&ŒJ xl;jcm;csuef J@ ywfoufvdk@awmh uk, d fwidk f OD;aqmifyg0ifcw hJ hJ pufrw
_ uUov kd f ausmif;om;
udak tmifr;dk 0if;u 'Dvadk jymjycJhygw,f?
“(96)rSm usaemf pdwt f v_y&f mS ;qHk;u ajym&r,fqkd&if rsKd ;qufopfawG&ŒJ wkef@jyefr_ rsdK;qufopfawG[m 'D
(88)rsKd ;qufawGudk =unh+f yD;awmh olwdk@ wuUodkvw f ufaewJh acwf}uD;wpfcv k ;kH rSm óuHae&wJo h rdik ;f udk olwdk@xrf;csif
wJ[ h m&Sw d ,f? ausmif;om;or*~udk awmif;qkad &;qkw d Jh rlay:uae ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&; umuG,af &;qkw d Jh rlawG
ay:uae olwdk@ ordik ;f wpfcv k H;k udk jzwfcsiaf ewJh xl;jcm; csuw f pfckukd oGm;awG@&w,f? usaemfwd@k rmS usaemfw@kd buf
jywfjywfom;om; &yfwnf&r,fqv dk dk@ orkid ;f pOfwpfavsmufv;kH jyef=unhf awmh ausmif;om;or*~ wpfcky&J Scd Jhw,f?
'ga=umifh usaemfwdk@u 'DZifbmv_y&f mS ;r_rmS 'Djy\emawG wufwmawG ausmif;om;xk tcGifh ta&;awG tukef
qH;k ±_;H aewJh udpaP wG ynma&; usaemfwdk@ epfemaewJh udpaP wG tukefv;kH u ausmif;om;or*~ r&Sdvdk@jzpfwm? tJ'adD wmh
usaemfwdk@u ausmif;om;or*~&v Sd mrS 'Djy\emawG tukev f ;kH ajz&Si;f Ekdirf ,f qk+d yD;awmh usaemfw@kd u ausmif;om;
or*~ zGJ@pnf;a&;udk p+yD;awmh wifwmjzpfw,f”
'guawmh ukad tmifr;dk 0if;u 1996 ckESpu f ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_&ŒJ xl;jcm;csuaf wGudk ajymjyoGm;wmyg?

(1996)ckEpS ftxd ausmif;om;v_yf&mS ;r_u óud;=um;óud;=um;&Scd ahJ yr,fh tJ'aD emufyidk ;f rSmqk&d ifawmh rawG@&
oavmufawmif jzpfomG ;cJ+h yDAsaemf? usaemfwdk@u ausmif;om;awG&JΠtpOftvm/ ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_ orkdi;f pOf/
or*~&ŒJ u¾qkdwmawGudk avhvmaecJh =uwmqkad wmh 'Duae@acwf ausmif;om;vli,fawGua&m tJ't D pOftvm
awGudk b,favmufrsm; od=uygovJ? &efuek fu wuUov kd f ausmif;om;vli,f wcsKd Œudk usaemfar;=unhw f JhtcgrmS
awmh æ
“tm ausmif;om;or*~qw kd m usaemf rodb;l cifAs? [d[ k m usaemfw@kd t&G,af &mufvm+yDqu kd wnf;u
ausmif;om;or*~awG bmawGqw kd mvnf r=um;vnf;r=um;bl;cifAs? rodvnf;rodb;l cifAs/ [d;k t&ifwek ;f u &Scd Jhz;l
w,fvdk@ =um;zl;w,fcifAs/ enf;enf;yg;yg;yJ =um;zl;em;0 &Sw d myg/ 'Dvdk tckavmavmq,f ausmif;awGxrJ mS qkd&if
tcef;xJrmS uGefysLwmavmufyJ &Sw d ,fcifAs/ [d;k ausmif;om; or*~vkd@ ajymvkdu&f ifawmh aumif;vmr,fxifw,f
cifAs”
“Jt'J Dta=umif;eJ@ ywfouf+yD;awmh orD;u odyfrodb;l ? tif; =um;awmh =um;zl;w,f 'gayr,fh bmt
a=umif;qkw d mawmh rodb;l ? ausmif;om;wpfa,mufu bmvky&f rvJ pmvkyf&r,f/ tJ'gyJow d ,f”
“ausmif;om;or*~qw kd mudak wmh wpfcgwpfavawmh =um;zl;w,fcifAs? ausmif;awGrmS awmh zGJ@pnf;wm
awmhr&Sb d ;l aygh? ajym&r,fqk&d ifawmh ausmif;om;or*~e@J qufpyf+yD;awmh usaemfwdk@ oli,fcsi;f awG =um;xJrmS awmh
ajymwmawmh r=um;bl; cifAs/ &S&d ifvnf; &Sv d drfhr,fayg”h
'Dvil ,fawG[m jrefrmjynfu ausmif;om;xk}uD;wpfckv;kH ukd ud, k fpm;ðywm r[kwfayrJv h nf; olwdk@vykd J
rod=uolawGuawmh trsm;}uD;&SdaeEkdiyf gw,f? 'Dawmh tpOftvm}uD;cJw h ,fqw dk hJ ausmif;om;awG 'Dae@acwfrmS
+idro
f mG ;=u+yDvm;? tJ'u D dpu
P dk aqG;aEG;Ekdizf dk@awmh ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_xu J dk xJx0J if0if jzwfoef;cJhz;l olawGjzpf=uwJh
(8)av;vH;k rsKd ;qufausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifwOD;jzpfwJh udrk if;aZ,s/ xkid ;f Ekid fit H ajcpdkuf (NDD)'Dru dk a&pDeJ@ zGH@òzd;wd;k

trsK;d om;'Dru
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S kwfa0onf 22
 2006 Ed0k ifbm 15

wufa&;tiftm;pk&ŒJ OuUX rcifOrRm ESifh (70)jynfv h eG f ausmif;om; v_y&f mS ;r_acgi;f aqmif OD;atmifapmOD;wdk@udk
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wdk@ ausmif;om;awG&ŒJ t"du cHpm;r_u trsKd ;om;a&;vdt k yfcsuaf wGayhgAsm? 'Dtay:rSm usaemfwdk@ t+rJwrf;jznfq h nf;
ay;ae&r,fqkdwJh cHpm;csufeJ@ v_yf&Sm;r_u t+rJwrf;&Sd aewmyg/ [dw k ae@uygyJ yJc;l aumvdyu f ausmif;om;ausmif;ol
(7) a,mufawmif tzrf;cH&ao;w,fAsm/ pm&Gupf mwrf;jzef@v@kd aygh aemf”
[kwu f Jh 'gayr,fh wu,fv h ufawG@rmS awmh ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_[m tqufjywfovdjk zpfaecJ+h yDayghaemf/
(1996)ckEpS f aemuf ydki;f uaep+yD; tHek J@usi;f eJ@ v_y&f Sm;r_rsKd ;qkw d mu rawG@&oavmufyJayg?h
tJawmh 'Dar;cGef;udak wmh usaemf OD;atmifapmOD;udk ar;csifygw,f? ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_awG tckvdk
+idro f ufomG ;&wm bma=umifv h dk@xifygovJ?
“'Duae@umvrSmawmh ppftyk fpkbufuae olw@dk &ŒJ zdEdSrn f ‡i;f yef;r_awG jyif;xefaewJt h wGuf tcku d ftwef@
tm;jzifh +idro f mG ; wmjzpfygw,f? 'gu bufwpfbufyjJ zpfygw,f? 'Duae@vufawG@rmS ausmif;om;awGu olwdk@&ŒJ
ynmoif=um;cGifhawG qH;k ±H;_ aew,f? olwdk@ ynma&;awG&ŒJ tmrcHcsurf &Sb d ;l jzpfw,f? ol@ rdbawGeJ@twl wkdi;f jynf&ŒJ
Ekid fiaH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;t=uyftwnf;awGudk aygi;f +yD; &ifqkid af e&wmjzpfayr,fhv@dk wpfcsed fcsed frmS ausmif;om;v_yf
&Sm;r_qw kd m ta=umif;aygi;f wku d fqikd w f Jt
h cgrmS ay:ayguv f mp+rJ yJ? ppftkypf ak wGu ausmif;om;awG rpkpnf;Ekid f
atmifvdk@aemf ae&mawG tkypf ak wGudk cG+J yD;awmh v$wv f dkuaf yr,fh ausmif;om;awGu a&muf&mt&yfrmS &Gufusyif
ayguv f dkyJ xaygu+f yD;awmhrS wcsdecf sed rf mS }uD;rm;wJh v_y&f mS ;r_ ay:vmvdrrfh ,fvdk@ usaemfuawmh oH;k oyfygw,f”
[kwu f cJh ifAs wpfcsed cf sderf mS ay:vmr,fvkd@ oH;k oyfayr,fh tckvuf&dStajctaerSmayghaemf ausmif;om;xk
=um;xJrmS yJ olwdk@&ŒJ &yfwnfa&;/ olwdk@&ŒJ b0wk;d wufa&;yJ vkyaf e&wmawGrsm;wJhtcg=uawmh olwdk@[m Ekid if aH &;
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olawGuaum b,favmufrsm; &SdEikd fygovJ?
“tJ'u D ae@ usaemfvufvSr;f rDoavmuf vli,fawmfawmfrsm;rsm;u usaemfw@kd xifwmxufwmawmifrS
olwdk@awG }udw+f yD;awmh avhvmaewmawG jzpfw,f? Ekdiif aH &;pmayawGudk qnf;yl;ae=uwmjzpfw,f? aemuf awG@óuH
jzwfoef;cJh&wJh yk*K~d vfawGqDrmS olwdk@ pmtkyaf wGxrJ mS r&Ekid fwhJ b0tawG@tóuHawGukd vkdkuv f aH r;jref;aewm
awGjzpfwt Jh wGuf aemuf olwdk@ uk, d w f dik o
f nfyifvsif tem*wfrmS wdk@vli,fawGyJ OD;aqmif&r,fqkdwJh todpw d f
"gwaf wGu olwdk@txJrmS &Sad e=uwmjzpfwJhtwGuf 'Dppftm%m&Sifpepfudk zsuo f dr;f ypfzdk@twGuf wdk@ausmif;om;awG
rSm jynfoal wGeJ@twl wm0ef&Sw d ,f jynfoal wGeJ@twl vufww JG dkuyf JG0if&r,fqw dk hJ todawGu olw@kd rSm&Sad ewmjzpf
ygw,f”

tckawmh usaemf rcifOrRmudk ar;csiyf gw,f cifAs? rcifOrRmu (1988) ckEpS f ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_rmS OD;
aqmifygc+Jh yD;wJah emuf e,fpyfudkxGuv f mcJ+h yD; 'Dru
kd a&pDe@J zG@J òzd;wd;k wufa&;tiftm;pk (NDD)&JŒ OuUXtjzpf tckvuf
&Sd wm0efxrf;aqmifaeolyg? rcifOrRm wkd@vkd jynfya&muftzG@J tpnf;awGua&mcifAs jynfwiG ;f ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;
r_ukd b,ftaxmuftyHah wGrsm;ay;cJyh govJ? ay;aeygovJ?
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vnf; wwfEkdio f r# 'De,fpyfuae +yD;awmh jyifyuae+yD;awmh 'DvkdtodynmawGukd uk, d v f nf;&zdk@twGuf óud;pm;
w,f? ud, k v
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trsK;d om;'Dru
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S kwfa0onf 23
 2006 Ed0k ifbm 15

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